 OK, first of all, let me welcome all of you formally to the Abdul Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics. Also on behalf of the director, who could not be here unfortunately, Professor Fernando Quevedo. But he would be here in a few days, so maybe we have other opportunities to interact with him. I am very happy always to organize locally these IA activities. I am organizing a few of them. Even if ICTP does not have in the core business nuclear power, the science of nuclear power, or anything like that, we are always happy to promote this IA work here at ICTP. And as a matter of fact, there have been some connections between our research, like in the condensed matter group with work related to nuclear power. And even our group doing global climate modeling has been involved in cooperation with the IA. And I have been involved in the nuclear applications in a way. But the main business area are not related to nuclear power. And actually we are hosted in a country that has decided not to have nuclear power, but it is using nuclear power coming from other countries though. I will give you in a moment, I will show you some slides to talk about the ICTP, what is doing, what it is, and so on. Well, first of all, let me say that we have about 10, 12 IA activities being run at ICTP every year. So soon we are going to have one, for example, that was mentioned before by DDG Tudakov, that I would like to thank for coming to work at ICTP during his holidays. So I mean, this is really dedication. So we thank him for that. Actually ICTP, you see, is in such a location where it is often, at least for me, but for many others, difficult to separate work and holidays. You are in the park of Miramar, near the sea, so it's really difficult to separate. So I was saying, we have many interesting activities. I'm also organized one on nuclear security, which usually we have in April, but also nuclear safety, different kind of nuclear applications, and so on. And I have been one, I should say, of those who promoted this IA involvement, because when I came here from Vienna, where I was for four years as Australian diplomat to the IA, I convinced ICTP to enlarge the number of activities that we were doing, so I've been promoting all this. And just talking about myself, I think I already said, I was, before I was assistant director at ICTP for a few years, now I'm looking after mainly these small activities. And before Vienna, I was in Sydney, at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization for more than 10 years. So even if I am a nuclear physicist, mainly related to accelerator and basic problems, I know about nuclear reactors, at least small nuclear reactors used for research. In Trieste, we have many international institutions, I should say, also. We have the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology at about 30 minutes from here. That was also created by Abdul Salam. Then we have the Area Science and Technology Park. Also, then we have the Synchrotron Radiation Facility, that in a way is a European facility because there are many, many users coming from other countries. We have the University of Trieste. We have the International School for Advanced Studies. And this is why also Trieste in 2020 will be the European city of science. So there will be a whole area created downtown, near the sea, related to science, where people will be able to promote science. And that will remain, I guess, after the celebrations in 2020. So we have this science system related to many disciplines. And we are trying to create connections among these different institutions. So when people from developing countries came to ICTP, they find many other doors open and also it's always a good idea not to separate too much disciplines because you need information from all areas of science to solve some problems. So this is the general view about Trieste. And now I think I would like to give you some information on ICTP very, very rapidly. So again, this is a center of excellence. It has been here for more than 50 years and is run by scientists. So there is not much, I should say, bureaucracy. Allow me to say there is not much bureaucracy, say like in UNESCO or in the IA. The institution is really run in a way directly by the scientists, but we have also obviously some bureaucracy coming mainly from UNESCO, which is the running kind of institution. We used to be under the IA. So in the ICTP DNA, you can find some genes that go back to the IA. In fact, there was a general conference resolution that in 1963, probably in September, whenever the IA is always the general conference, that created, in a way, ICTP. And the first meeting of ICTP were held in Vienna inside the IAEA. And as a matter of fact, talking about history, there was the first chairman of the ICTP Scientific Committee, which is an international committee, advising the director of the chairman was Oppenheimer, a name that you know very well from the nuclear activities. So the attention of ICTP is for developing countries, but still we are promoting the frontier knowledge in the areas of physics, mathematics, some applications, and I will give you more information on that later. But always with the mandate to share this knowledge with developing countries. So that is the ICTP mission that I mentioned here also. So again, these are some quick facts on ICTP. 1964 created by Nobel laureate, Abdul Salam, who you know that got the Nobel Prize as a theoretical physicist from Pakistan originally. And then he emigrated to the Imperial College and then this is why he decided that it was very good to have a home away from home for all the scientists in physics and mathematics around the planet where they could go and then maybe go back home, not like him go to the UK and remain there so not contribute to his own country. So 1964, well, the Nobel Prize received was for the unification of the electromagnetic and weak force as you probably know. Again, the IA, the ICTP first under IA administration, then UNESCO administration, but also with still with IA involvement. So we have a tripartite body and agreement running ICTP. So every year there is one of the IA representatives, one of the UNESCO representative in the Italian government that is giving the main amount of funding coming to a meeting at ICTP. So this is some number of the ICTP visiting scientists at least since 1970 when we are keeping the statistics. So you see that people coming from all the continents 14,000 from Latin America, there are 16,000 from Africa and so on. Obviously you have many Europeans because it's nearby so you have 50,000 from Europe, et cetera. And research ICTP, so these are the main areas. So high energy cosmology, particle physics, let's say. In fact, the present director, Fernando Quevedo, is a string theorist. Now there are still many people even in the physics community, the skeptical string theory is the one that's going to give the final answer. But still that is an important activity. But obviously ICTP is involved for this particular physics in all the studies related to the Higgs boson and the new physics being discovered at the large accelerator like at CERN and so on. So we are connected also to CERN. Abdul Salam wanted also to have some experimental physics at ICTP and he promoted a couple of laboratories. I think he also related to superconductivity sometime and even plasma focus sources where you can study if you are in a developing country. Fusion, for example, in spite of all the problems that we mentioned. But then they never succeeded. And I am one also of those promoting the ICTP disease. In fact, when I came more than 10 years ago to ICTP, I started a small laboratory using x-rays for doing x-ray imaging mainly in archeology. It's still working, so I hope that that will last. And there are people from developing countries when they want to develop projects using our small lab. But that is not really core activity. Then there is Contents Matter, a second big group. Mathematics and then Health System Physics. And again, Applied Physics is a galaxy of activities that includes medical physics, which is also, well, we have a Master in Medical Physics which is done also in cooperation with the IA. And then there are new research areas. You have really to create bridges, for example, with biology. Now biology, thanks to the advances in genome sequencing, for example, biology is creating big data, something that was not happening before. And physicists know very well how to deal with big data. With, so there are actually several, I know, physicists moving into biology to work in the new area that are possible thanks to the computing power that is available and the interesting data that are being generated. So we have this quantitative biology, it is a new area. High performance computing is a new area. As you know, we are moving to faster and stronger and bigger computing system and the digital network is pervasive. And we are talking about augmented reality. We are talking about artificial intelligence. This is really the future and there are, as you know, many centers being developed now in US, university and elsewhere on specifically augmented reality and artificial intelligence or big data and so on. But we have a high performance computing program done in collaboration with the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste. And then when renewable energy, the president director has been trying to promote this but not much I think is happening. Maybe we should replace that with nuclear energy. I'm just joking, obviously. But there is a lot of work that can be done there at the basic level to develop new materials for solar energy, for example, and so on. But that is a small activity. ICTP does not have a huge number of scientists. As you see, staff scientists that meet with UNESCO contract, only 38. Then there are staff associate but there are 77 post-docs, 30 cosider. So there are hundreds of people moving around in the system, in the science area. Plus there is a group of maybe, I don't know, nearly 100 people that are secretaries, administrators, and so on. Like all this activity is done, for example, thanks to people like Doreen that you know, our secretary that has organized all the details for this particular activity with us. We have obviously a big library and that you should visit. Actually, every time at the beginning, I tell people, try and exploit your visit to ICTP, have a walk in the main building, talk to people, talk to scientists, and so on. And there are other mechanisms, I will mention some, but to get involved in ICTP activities in your country, if you're in developing countries or in Trieste. And, but I will be here most of the time. So during coffee break, you can ask me. But here we have a library and obviously, all the computer equipment that sometimes we use also for some of the IAEA activities. We use the computer rooms where you have 50 computers and everybody can sit at the computer running the programs. I think for nuclear knowledge management, for example, we are using that particular kind of laboratories. Publication, open access to e-journals. We have special agreements with publishers of international journals so we can make available some of the e-journals to developing countries. And we also started an Africa review of physics and so on. So we have again, about 60 every year activities like this one that we are having today. Some are big conferences. They could be like 300 people that is done in the main lecture hall. Some of the particle physics activity, you know, these are conferences of 300 people. All young people without tie because at ICTP in practice it's really not advisable to go around by using your tie. People have become suspicious. They think you are a bureaucrat so it's better to go without tie if you are going to the main building. Otherwise they think that you are a UNESCO bureaucrat. Or an IAEA as a matter of fact. Then so we have about, well, 5,000, sometimes even 6,000 people coming through the ICTP system every year. And then we have a number of programs. Again, if you go to the ICTP website you see all the details. But you see this is a postgraduate diploma program. This is the most intensive, like after you have received your degree in developing countries you come at ICTP for one year. And you can follow a program in basic physics, health system, INS, one of the core activities. And I tell you, after one year of this intensive education, this is not training. Obviously in science you don't talk about training. You talk about education. You are ready to start your PhD in any kind of place. From MIT to wherever you like, potentially. Then we have also a step fellowship. This is a joint mechanism with the IAEA. Where if you are doing your PhD in your country, in a developing country, you can, if you get one of these fellowships you can come to Trieste to ICTP three times approximately every three times. Every time you can stay one, two, three months. And so you can really develop a good PhD at home. You can then interact not only with ICTP when you come here but if you need to use some synchrotradiation capabilities, you find them. If you have an expert at a university related to some specific thing that ICTP is not doing, you can use that expertise. And then we have a number of programs, mostly in collaboration with Italian institutions in Trieste, including actually Masters in Economics as you see there, Master in Physics of Complex Systems and so on. But we have since 2014 a Master in Medical Physics that is of interest to people involved with the IAEA. Then we have an associate scheme. We have here Dinara that is an associate from ICTP. So she's using the opportunity of attending this work for example, but people like her can come to ICTP for a period and do some work here at ICTP with one of the different groups. Maybe stay a couple of months, two, three months, go back and then come back next year and so on. So this is the way to help people to stay and contribute to their own countries but to have the opportunity of coming to a place like ICTP, which is their home, international home. Then we have a real program again. This is with the Italian laboratory. So we can help somebody from developing countries to get a fellowship to work for one year, say in a laboratory in Italy and we have an agreement with many laboratories, universities, the National Center for Research, the National Institute of Nuclear Physics and you can spend one year there with this fellowship doing a laboratory work and that is in Trieste or Italy but we also contribute directly in the different developing countries. So we create affiliated centers there, we have projects, we create networks like in Africa, we have a number of networks in Africa related to mathematics. Let me see, to nanotechnology in Africa was one where I was involved with small accelerators but probably now it's not active anymore. So we promote networks. That means we help different institutions in an area of developing countries to get connected to collaborate. We can organize scientific meetings. We can also send people to teach, to give a set of lectures in developing countries. For example, I went to Cuba twice to give lectures on the applications of nuclear science in cultural heritage. And then at the end, we also, ICTP is giving periodically every year very important prizes like the Dirac medal. Many people who got at ICTP the Dirac medal or the ICTP prize received eventually the Nobel Prize. So these are very important. Every year we give these prizes. There is also one like the Denado Award related only to optics and also, yeah, to optics. And the Ramanujan Prize for mathematics. Again, so thanks for your attention. Thanks also, as I said, to the DDG and my colleagues for organizing all this. Thanks to Doreen, you know, formally. And thanks to the lecturers from the IA or elsewhere. Some are already here. Some will come in the following days. Thanks to all of you. And I wish you a very pleasant stay in our institutions for the next two weeks, including the visit to Slovenia to see a real nuclear power plant. Thank you very much.