 So ladies and gentlemen, let's start right away and this second session on health is Entitled global governance and public health And let me just say as an introduction that issues of governance of health and governance for health have become particularly prominent on the international agenda with the COVID pandemic and not least of course because of the increasing geopolitical dimension of global health new challenges have emerged around the vaccine nationalism vaccine and mask diplomacy access to supply chains and intellectual property waivers and as the pandemic progressed health moved from being a sort of soft power agenda to becoming a critical Economic and security issue and took up large parts of the deliberations of regional summits Like the European Council the G20 the G7 the World Trade Organization No meeting of G7 G20 or European Council in the last two years wasn't Including or having as a dominant component the issue of health the independent panel on Pandemic preparedness and response of which both Anders not sure men myself were were part in our report in May 2021 We had come up with a number of recommendations and within in that those recommendations one was about governance and Suggesting that in order to for the world to be better prepared for the future. We need to elevate the level of leadership to prepare in response to global health threats and one of the suggestions that the panel Put forward was the establishment of what we called a global health rates Council if you wish some sort like a security council for for health threats Something similar to what had been negotiated on in the nuclear field after the Chernobyl catastrophe to ensure accountable and Multisectoral action in the future. We also discussed the to strengthen and WHO in its independency and capacity to react to to an emergency several of the recommendations of this panel were overlapping with recommendations from other groups such as the G20 high-level group on Pandemic finance and the so-called Monty Commission in in Europe so where are we today with these discussions and Negotiations well first Negotiations have now started in Geneva at multilateral level on Revising the so-called international health care health regulations and on a new pandemic a new binding pandemic treaty Following a resolution of the World Health Assembly in November last year Second the US together with a number of other countries and the World Bank Have called on the establishment and have actually launched a new pandemic financing facility On the way for which there are pros and cons maybe we'll discuss that later and third The General Assembly of the UN has called on a special session of the UN General Assembly on Pandemic preparedness and response which will be held in 2023 and if you remember it was the first special session high-level session of the UN General Assembly in 2001 on HIV AIDS that really was the turning point mobilizing the world against the AIDS pandemic and also a special session of the UN General Assembly on Ebola in 2014 that brought the issue at the highest level of Public and political awareness, so we're looking forward to very much to the ongoing Negotiations now already of a political resolution at that special session of the UN but also as we Work now at global level And most importantly, I believe structural institutional and political changes are occurring at regional level And as we heard from Juliette during the the pandemic the African Union behind United somehow behind President Ramaphosa and a Continental plan to to procure vaccines and pandemic goods We saw the emergence of a remarkable African CDC that took leadership at both Continental and and global levels and the EU Created an African Regulatory agency for medicines on the model of the FDA or the EMA so let us now discuss These issues at global and regional level and we have a great panel today with Anders Nordstrom ambassador for global health from Sweden Who may also maybe say a word about the forthcoming Swedish presidency of the of the Union? Dr. Aruka Sakamoto Senior Fellow at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo who is online Good morning, Aruka, and thank you for being again with us Dr. Farida Alhossani, who is the spokesperson on health from UAE Lionel Zinsu co-chair of Southbridge chair of Terra Nova and former prime minister of Benin and finally Jacques Biot former president of Ecole Polytechnique in France Whom I have asked somehow to provide a perspective from I call him an informed Outsider at the at the end of our discussion