 PPAR is a transcription factor expressed by TH9 cells, which are involved in allergic tissue inflammation. It has been shown to drive activation-induced glycolysis, which in turn leads to increased production of the cytokine Illinois 9. This process is dependent on MTORC1 signaling, and it is also associated with increased glucose levels in the tissues during allergic skin inflammation. Paracrine Illinois 9 secreted by TH9 cells can also increase the expression of the lactate transporter MCT1, which further enhances the cell's ability to use glucose for energy. These findings suggest that PPAR-mediated glycolytic activity may be important for the development and maintenance of allergic inflammatory responses. This article was authored by Nicole Alberti, Oliver Steck, Fabian Luther, and others.