 Invited guests, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. I am Joseph Tei from the University of Ghana and I am happy to be invited here to moderate this session, which is very important to us. I have been working with the IOM for some number of years, maybe as a partner in the area of migration policy development in West Africa. I've also been part of the team that has been involved in training and capacity building in the West African South region. So I wish to thank them once again that they have invited me here to moderate this section. The topic for today is partnership frameworks for developing capacity on migration, a regional perspective. I hope you agree with me that this regional perspective is important. The Global Compact actually emphasizes both global level partnerships, but it also emphasizes partnerships at the regional level and also at the national level. The reason why the regional level one is important is the fact that most of the migrations that we are talking about are things that are okay at the national level, the local level and also the regional level. We do know that in many regions of the world about 70 percent of the migrations are said to be intra-regional. So if we are talking about capacity building at a global level and it doesn't trickle down to the regional level, we are not likely to achieve success. So this topic is very, very important to all of us. We have three questions that are going to guide the discussion for the day. And I want to read these questions as they have been put forward by the organizers. So the first question is, how can we use the existing global partnership frameworks as an inspiration to develop capacity on migration at the regional level? So here we are talking about drawing on the frameworks that are developed at the global level to work at the regional level. So the global level partnership agreements have to help us to domesticate other levels, other development of capacity at the regional level and that is very important. The second one is what role do regional bodies and mechanisms have in empowering member states and other relevant actors on migration? And the final one is that has a premise that states that non-state actors have a crucial role in developing capacity in the field of migration. What kind of good practices can we observe in the creating of partnership between these actors and UN agencies, states and other stakeholders? What are the biggest existing challenges to the involvement of non-state actors? With me to do this discussion, I have five important personalities who are knowledgeable in the field and I'll give each of them about seven minutes to make their presentations. After these, we invite you because we do know that you are also very knowledgeable in the field to share your experiences. So the first person that will be speaking to us on this topic is Mr. Thomas Bosek. He is an ambassador and Mr. Thomas Bosek is a special representative on the migration and refugees of the Council of Europe. One of his priorities is to improve the situation of the high number of refugees and children in the European Union. So he's going to share with us his views about the action plan that they have developed within the Council of Europe to govern the migration and also livelihood issues of refugees and also children. So we now invite you to the floor to share your views with us, Mr. Thomas. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Ladies and gentlemen, let me first express my gratitude to IOM for the invitation to speak to you today on this most topical issue. Coming from the Council of Europe and intergovernmental organizations founded in the aftermath of the Second World War to uphold democracy, human rights and rural flow, which is currently encompassing 47 member states and with some 800 million citizens, I think you will not be surprised that I approach this theme towards effective migration governance from this particular perspective, from the perspective of human rights and the rural flow. In the Council of Europe, we believe that sustainable governance can only be effective if it is founded on the principles of human rights and rural flow. And migration governance is no different. So a sustainable, credible, feasible migration governance and any management strategy must therefore have human rights protection at its heart. Now, is there a need for capacity building in this area? Is there a need for partnership? Definitely yes. Although the capacity which we must build upon already exists, over the past 70 years the Council of Europe has developed extensive expertise in standard setting, most notably through the European Convention on Human Rights, but also through many other conventions and guidelines also in the field of migration. A network of monitoring bodies supervises their implementation, via these bodies and other cooperation activities we support the member states to ensure that the human rights and of all those who come within their jurisdiction, including migrants, are protected. So as I said, we have quite developed capacity as far as the rules and standards are concerned. What we need now is to develop implementation capacity for the existing human rights standards and for the respect of existing rules. And this is the real task we have to face. And this is also the contribution we want to make to the process leading towards effective migration governance, so building implementation capacity. Of course, it will not be a very challenging task, especially now when there has been a shift in public opinion, and we have also seen in Europe a hardening of states' attitudes towards migrants when security approach prevails. A number of legislative proposals and concrete actions are against the commitment of states to our values and discharge their obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights. To uphold our human rights standards and work towards the effective implementation is challenging, but it's not impossible. And let me give you one example of successful capacity building to help states overcome the difficulties to implement human rights standards. One extremely important aspect of my work as a special representative on migration refugees is the appalling situation of the high number of refugee and migrant children currently present in Europe. I conducted numerous fact-finding missions in countries touched by migration, so-called – touched by so-called migration crisis, and so for myself the situation on the ground. And in order to improve the protection of these children, our 47 member states agreed on an action plan on protecting refugee and migrant children, which is now being implemented and which serve as the framework for the Council of Europe activities in this area. And the initiatives undertaken in implementation of the action plan represent some of the most ambitious and successful actions of our organization in the migration field. They in particular can offer a valuable contribution to our member states, but also other regions and the international community as whole, seeking to secure the practical implementation of the lovable objectives in the global compact on safe, orderly and regular migration. We have already achieved tangible progress under the action plan, guidance on alternatives to immigration detention of children, European qualification passport for refugees, identification of children who are victims of child trafficking, or a training course on refugee and migrant children for professionals working with children, just to mention a few results. New guidelines regarding effective guardianship and a handbook on promoting child-friendly information for young migrants are also underway. As I have referred to before, this is a challenging time for countries across the world. And we therefore cannot compromise on our values and the principles we stand for. On the contrary, now, more than ever, we international and regional organizations must unite our forces to achieve our common goals, building on the expertise and added value we each have. One thing connect us all, the shared principle of human rights protection. Because it's not a continent-specific idea, but a universal one. The principle that human rights and the rule of law are integral parts of any migration management policy was also a guiding element in our contribution to the preparation of the global compact, and subsequently, it will continue to be our guiding principle throughout its implementation. The Council of Europe is uniquely placed to share experience on how to progress in practice. Our system for human rights protection is one of the most developed in the world. And for many years now, we have worked on putting in place a range of standards and tools which helps to develop the capacity of our member states to meet the challenges of migration. I have already mentioned the European Convention on Human Rights, respect for which is overseen by the European Court of Human Rights. And through the court judgments, standards on detention for migration purposes, accommodation and minimum social rights for migrants and protection of migrant children have been elaborated. Training courses and cooperation activities have been developed to help member states implement these standards. A number of other conventions, many of which are open to signature by non-European states, contribute to capacity development in the migration-related areas, such as prevention of torture, prevention of violence against women, and domestic violence, protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, and trafficking in human beings. Monitoring bodies conduct regular visits to identify areas where more support is needed, and the Council of Europe engages in follow-up work to enhance the capacity of states to address areas of challenge. Being a pan-European organization, a legal space stretches from Vladivostok to Lisbon, from Reykjavik to Nicosia, but even further. We are also providing a framework for effective partnership. We are its neighborhood policy. The Council of Europe is cooperating with countries of North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, with the view to establishing a common legal area based on the Council of Europe's values and instruments. In the aim of the Council of Europe's policy towards neighboring region is to facilitate democratic political transition and promote good governance in the beneficiary countries while reinforcing and expanding the Council of Europe's regional action in combating cross-border challenges, such as migration. We stand therefore ready to exchange our experiences with partners outside the European legal space. Migration-related challenges are not decreasing, and I am certain that it is only by working together effectively on capacity development that we can address today's challenges and build a fair and sustainable model for the future. Thank you for your attention. Thank you, Thomas Busek, for the excellent presentation on the situation in Europe. We now invite the second person, and that is Dr. Guderia Rangel-Goumez, a few information on her. So she is the Executive Secretary, Executive Secretariat to the Mexico section, Mexico-U.S. Health Border Commission, International Relations General Division to the Health Secretariat of Mexico. Previously, she served as a Director of Department of Population Studies and Deputy General Director for Margaret's Health of the Secretariat of Health of Mexico, among other positions. So she is going to help us to understand capacity building in the area of health and migration. So you are on the floor. I am going to start with a strategy that we call health windows. This strategy is a collaboration between two Secretary of State of the Mexican government, the Secretary of Foreign Relations and the Secretary of Health of Mexico, in which, through all of its network, Consular of Mexico and the United States, operate 50 health windows. What are health windows? Health windows are an initiative that aims to improve access to basic and preventive health. Increasing the coverage of public security and establishing a medical home through information, education, accessibility and reference to health services for more specialized attention. How do these health windows operate? They operate through 50 US agencies who work coordinated with the Mexican government to provide these preventive services to the migrant population, not only to the Mexican population, the Latin population living in the United States, because we also attend and provide these services to other countries. We also have a six-year-old data bank where we can and you can consult the population attended by the services that are provided. We mainly focus on orientation and advice on the opportunity to detect those sufferings that affect the Latin population living in the United States. They work mainly with chronic degenerative diseases, such as overweight, obesity and diabetes. Transmissible diseases such as VIH and tuberculosis are provided with mental health services. They are also administered with vaccines, among others, and we refer to them. The Mexican government is very important because with this, we contribute that our national communities living in the United States decrease the number of visits to an emergency room. We have achieved this and I believe that the achievement as a good practice has been this capacity of the Mexican government to coordinate for 15 years a strategy in which more and more strategic allies are added. In addition to these 50 agencies that operate these health windows, we have around 600 agencies in the different sectors of the population in the United States, the Academy of International, National and State Organizations that contribute to providing these preventive services to the Latin population. We also have detailed results of the impact of the health windows, the strengthening of national alliances has been very important and the generation of evidence. Another of the initiatives is in the return of our national communities from the United States to Mexico. On the north border, in the six states, we have the integral attention modules to the health of the repatriated migrants, whose goal is also to protect the health of the migrant. In the moment that they are returning, the health personnel is offering them preventive services and in case necessary, they can refer them to a health institution to receive the required medical attention. On the subject of our repatriated migrants, it is important, as well as health windows, to be able to provide them with accessory and psychological attention in a crisis situation in the moment that they are being repatriated. The issue of mental health for us is very important. We also have, as an initiative, the joint declaration of Mesoamerica sobre salud y migración. Esta declaración se firmó el 25 de abril de 2017 y de ahí se desprende algunos acuerdos, como el intercambiar buenas prácticas entre los países de Mesoamérica, identificar áreas de oportunidad para mejorar la salud de las personas migrantes y establecer mecanismos de cooperación multilateral. Otra de las iniciativas y que ha sido coordinada desde su inicio hace tres años, aproximadamente, es la iniciativa conjunta de salud y migración. Y en esta iniciativa conjunta nosotros le llamamos que es un mecanismo de coordinación técnica regional con tres grandes objetivos, una que provea información estratégica, la conformación de alianzas y la promoción de políticas inclusivas. En esta iniciativa está conformada y se integró para trabajar los países de Centroamérica y México y cuenta con un comité directivo de los diferentes sectores de la población, participa el gobierno de los diferentes países, participa la academia, el sector privado y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Como parte de esta iniciativa, yo podría decirles también como un ejemplo concreto de la contribución de este tipo de alianzas, así como lo comenté con Ventanillas de Salud. Trabajamos en una propuesta de inclusión explícita del tema de salud para el Pacto Mundial de Migración y se las hicimos llegar a los países para que ellos pudieran decidir si consideraban proponerla para su inclusión. Otro ejemplo es la Conferencia Regional sobre Migración, que no me voy a detener porque ya se habló este este día por la mañana de ello, pero en donde a través de la Conferencia Regional de Migración como resultados pues tenemos el intercambio de información, la capacitación entre otros. Para no detenerme mucho, yo quisiera resumir la presentación terminando pues diciéndoles que para tener un mayor impacto en el acceso a servicios de salud de la población migrante es importante impulsar el fomento de capacidades en materia de salud y migración. Principalmente en el caso específico de la salud a los prestadores de servicios de salud que este fortalecimiento de capacidades incluya la sensibilización de estos prestadores para proveer los servicios que nuestra población migrante requiere crear y fortalecer alianzas. Yo en la experiencia que tengo desde la academia y ahora como este trabajadora de la salud en el gobierno federal les digo que ha sido muy gratu ver esta estrategia de ventanillas de salud con más de 600 alianzas que están apoyando este programa. Sin el apoyo de los aliados estratégicos, la Secretaría de Salud y la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores en Estados Unidos no podrían haber tenido un impacto como el que se tiene ahorita. Compartir buenas prácticas también se dijo este en otras presentaciones el día de hoy. No tenemos que inventar. Creo que las buenas prácticas en intercambio de información en proveer servicios en la creación de alianzas y el fomento de las capacidades pueden replicarse adecuarse a las necesidades de cada país o de cada región. La recopilación y análisis de la información es necesaria y creo que también eso podemos compartirlo. En este sentido pues yo terminaría diciéndoles que es muy importante que en los foros de migración se incluya el tema de la salud, el tema de la salud de nuestra población migrante ya que sin salud nadie de nosotros somos funcionales y tener siempre presente que la salud es un derecho y nuestra población migrante por lo tanto debe tener el acceso a la salud. Muchísimas gracias. So thank you Guderia for that wonderful presentation on capacity building in the area of health. Her presentation actually highlighted the needs for partnership if we want to extend health services to migrants. So now we move on to the third presentation and that is from me say you got yours to do to and he is going to give us an African perspective for the capacity building issues. So by way of introduction, he is the foreign service officer in the directorate of multilateral cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tanzania. He works within the international development partners in resource mobilization and facilitation of international trade and investment. Prior to taking up this rule, he worked in other two directorates within the ministry and various positions in the private sector. So he will give us an African perspective of the capacity building in the area of migration governance. You are on the floor. Thank you moderator. I wish to express my appreciation to the international organization for migration for giving me an opportunity to take part in this discussion. It is indeed a privilege that I take with esteem to have been part of this process towards the adoption of the global compact for migration. Also let me congratulate and add my voice to the previous speakers since morning to the well deserved election of Mr. Vittorino to the seat of director general to the IOM. While congratulating him, we also heed on the expectation that he will continue to adopt to the realities of our time and be flexible in responding to the possible future migration challenges. Before we, I think before we go into discussion on the comprehensive agenda on migration management, I would firstly encourage fellow participants to reflect on the actual situation on the ground and engage in a kind of self-discussion with the view of tailoring realistic responses to migration issues while at the same time focusing on the perpetrators of irregular migration which are mostly engineered by organized crime. Organized crime is evolving in the face of our actions and have made the commodity out of migration and documentation processes. The very concept of home has increasingly become elusive and even acquires a new meaning. As never before, more people are now likely to move from one place to the other for different reasons, snarling an age of seamless societies. We should be concerned of the worries of the host communities who feel threatened and losing out to the migrants and sometimes this worry even excites xenophobic tendencies in some places. Also gender equality and empowerment of women are also important issues to be addressed critically while embarking on discussion to deal with migration management. In the same vein showing respect to migrants, engage in cooperative to end violence for forced migration and double the international efforts to finding durable solutions for economic migrants should be more pronounced in these discussions. Let us not demonize the migrants and our discourse in African and European perspectives should be harmonized in order to get to the common understanding of the issues so that we can come out with the realistic solutions. My colleagues where the previous speaker has spoken of human rights as a guiding principle in the management of migration issues I think is an important factor to be considered in. As migration issues are increasingly becoming complex and challenging, cooperative efforts with the national government at regional level and global and globally is key to ensure effective management of migration related aspects at both the country of original and this nation. The cognizant of that some of the same prompted the international community to engage in discussions like this so that we are having today so that we can tailor the best responses towards migration management. The African Union also adopted a migration policy framework in the view to exploring innovative ways of effective addressing migration related issues and harness the benefit that comes with it. That framework is designed to guide individual member countries on the elements to be included in the national migration policies and development. Such issues to be considered include border management, forced displacement, interstate cooperation and partnership and migration data collection, dissemination and use. Also the framework coupled with the quest to comply with the international standards on migration management provides an opportunity for international cooperation on capacity building and technical support. On East Africa the charter that established the the current East African cooperation provides for free movement of people and puts on a mechanism for management of migration flow. However the limited capacity of member states to develop comprehensive migration management programs have slowed progress towards achieving the desirable results. In South Africa, Southern Africa the Southern African Development Corporation doesn't have a migration policy framework but individual member countries follow their own laws on immigration management and there is a protocol on facilitation of movement of persons in the region. This protocol is also supported by the ACBC of the IOM. Tanzania where I come from has signed several bilateral agreements with neighboring countries such as Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia on migration management related issues. The cooperation agreements are on sharing information and experience related to transnational organized crime such as trafficking in persons, smuggling of migrants, counterfeit travel documents and capacity building on conducting investigations to these crimes. The nine state actors like IOM and UNHCR have also played a significant role in training government officials to assist national authorities effectively manage migration and its related impact in communities. The IOM African capacity building center that is located in Tanzania has helped a great deal in promoting migration management in the region for almost a decade now. The center facilitates a diverse range of migration management training programs and encourage capacity on national authorities on integrated border management security as well as migration administration. Currently the ACBC center is assisting more than 20 member states in Africa. It also provides advice on free movement protocol arrangement with the regional groupings. On top of that it's also assisting individual states to develop their migration management capacities. The ongoing partnership and support from the IOM African capacity building center in Africa is very commendable. Also in this room and the rest of the world as we await to adopt the global compact for migration that call on states to strengthen capacity on a more effective system on global migration governance. The international community is called on into action to join the efforts and live on to their commitments to support especially the developing countries in management of migration related issues. We all desire for an innovative way of global migration governance which is more likely than not to be more possible by effective international cooperation. Migration governance needs transcend partnership coordination support assessment tools and financing. However if the international community and development agencies do not live to their commitment in the management of migration programs literal can be achieved. Let this process double the international cooperation to avoid the past weaknesses and dress up to address the current and anticipated future migration challenges. Thank you very much. Thank you so much Mr. Doto for your presentation which has highlighted the role of IOM and other international bodies in Africa as far as capacity building is concerned. We now move on to the next presenter and that is Mr. Dries Ukemini who is a member of the Ara Parliament for the House of Representatives of Muruku and a member of the Commission for the Production Sectors. He is also a member of the parliamentary network on the web bank and the International Monetary Fund and serves as a professor at the University of Mohammed Rabat in Muruku. He will contribute the Arab Parliament's vision on the topic of capacity development and governance on migration. You are on the floor. Thank you very much Mr. Dries Ukemini for your presentation. Thank you very much Mr. Dries Ukemini for your presentation. Thank you very much Mr. Dries Ukemini for your presentation. Thank you very much Mr. Dries Ukemini for your presentation. It is a tool that allows us to remedy the deep cause of the crisis. Thus, the Arab Parliament does not stop making use of its contributions to attack the real cause of this failure and seek peaceful solutions to tensions and conflicts whose goal is to advance and progress the following elements. First of all, to ask the international community, to the living global conscience, to end the suffering of the Palestinian people. Ladies and gentlemen, as you know that a man or a state is his country and condemned to a death, finally to a disappearance, it is therefore time to declare the state of Palestine as the state of Palestine and its Jerusalem capital. On this note, the Arab Parliament still reaffirms its rejection to the decision of the American Union, to have recognized Jerusalem as the capital of the Israeli occupation, and to transfer it to its embassy. We also underline the need to preserve the continuity of the mission of the king and the permanent link between the end of his work and the 184th resolution. Secondly, or the second point on which the Arab Parliament works is to support all political initiatives aimed at fixing the situation and to end the conflict in the Arab world region. The third point is to accelerate the assessment of the first exam of the Arab Convention on Terrorism, and the second is the Arab Convention on Capital and Terrorism. The fourth point in this tax is to continue to support the resolution of the Syrian crisis through a global political process that responds to the aspirations of the Syrian people against the choice of the government and reaffirms the unity, the Arabism, the independence, the territorial integrity, and the non-sector character of Syria, and ensure the continuity and preservation of government institutions to protect the rights of all Syrians without distinction. Fifth point is to provide support and assistance to the efforts deployed by the Republic of Iraq in order to allow people to move, to return to them and to promote the national unity. Sixth point is to provide support and assistance to the pursuit of the efforts of the United Nations and the Arab countries. We have seen a political regulation based on the three references, the initiative of the CCG and its executive mechanism. The results of the conference and the Global National Dialogue and the solutions of the Security Council, in particular the resolution in 2016, and to avoid any action that threatens the neighboring countries. Seventh point is to support the Arab and international efforts aimed at helping the Somali government in its urgent development projects. In the second axis, the Arab Parliament works on the tools to treat the consequences and effects of migration and movement. This axis concerns the consequences and effects of migration, of the asylum and the movement of the populations of the Arab world that escape conflict and tension, and in this respect what is realizable and the following. First of all, we are accelerating the finalization of the Arab Convention on the Regulation of the Refugee Statue in the Arab States, which has been examined by the Arab Parliament and submitted to the Ministry of Arab Countries. Second, we work together with similar regions, especially the Pan-African Parliament, the European Parliament, the Asian Parliament, the Latin American Parliament, the Parliament of the Union for the Mediterranean, the European Parliament, the Arab Parliament, the Parliaments of the United States, and in order to encourage all the respective governments of their countries to face the problem of refugees, and to protect their obligations towards refugees, to protect their rights, certainly in the legal framework of international and regional, and to prevent their economic and political exploitation. Thirdly, to reaffirm the responsibility of the international organizations, including the Inter-Parliamentary Union, to promote the respect of the rights of refugees, to maintain and protect their legal status, certainly in the international, humanitarian and international rights of refugees. Fourthly, to collaborate with the international Arab and international organizations in order to ensure that refugees and people move their rights, including the protection of children, the protection of women and the protection of elderly people. Fifthly, in order to ensure the safety of refugees, in the case of emergencies, by providing a variety of products and first necessities, such as food, shelter, medical aid, and especially not to separate the children from their families and wake up to a family reunion. Sixthly, to call the Arab countries and the United Nations to provide the necessary solutions to the other countries that welcome a large number of refugees and to increase financial aid and natural aid to all countries that are available for international conventions, the rules of international law, by welcoming people to move and refugees, and to exhort all other countries to share the most equitable burden with the country of welcome and the most affected communities. Seventhly, to promote the new forms of financing for the countries that welcome refugees, by calling for the possibility of development and exhorting the private sector and the Arab affairs to orient the investments towards these countries, to establish specific employment rates for refugees in order to allow their skills to be protected, as well as their community in legal and legal terms, and without exploiting their situation. Eighthly, to support all humanitarian aid efforts of all international humanitarian organizations and to call all parties to the conflict to respect the rules of international humanitarian law for the protection of humanitarian agents, and to call on governments to allow humanitarian organizations and associations to work on the ground to provide assistance and all forms of humanitarian aid to refugees and to people who are displaced. Seventhly, to adopt humanitarian joint projects with the national parliaments and the Arab organizations in favor of the affected communities on the areas of international law. Seventhly, to promote the legal protection and support of civilians and to accompany them to allow them to access humanitarian aid, which is an absolute legal law in virtue of the humanitarian international law. Excellent, ladies and gentlemen. To finish, I would like to express our hope to the Arab Parliament that this international dialogue will end up with concrete results that will serve to frame the integration of roles in the international community, not only to carry out our negotiations in a fruitful manner and adopt the charter, but also to ensure their success and their implementation and follow-up. We truly hope that this assembly will be successful in the interest of humanity as a whole. I have now finished. Thank you, moderator. Thank you so much for that presentation. We now take our last presentation, which we come from Miss Linda Ristangu, and she is a manager of external affairs at the International Air Transport Association. In her current capacity, she advocates for good policy and constructive engagement towards possible or proposed measures that may affect Airtas member airlines. So she will present on the role of the private airline companies in partnering in the development of capacity that will help to control what we have been calling trafficking or smuggling. So we now give her the floor. So thank you so much for giving the floor. And first of all, thank you so much for having me here today. It gives me a great pleasure to contribute to this important discussion and provide the IATA perspective on the partnership frameworks for developing capacity on migration. Today I will speak specifically about the initiatives that IATA is coordinating, mobilizing our members, the airline members, to support the governments and the society to end the misery of human trafficking that is a migration-related challenge. First of all, we would like to compliment States for coming together in the global compact for safely, orderly and regular migration. This important framework fosters international cooperation among all relevant actors and put in evidence that migration is a multi-dimensional reality and as such requires a comprehensive approach and a multi-stakeholder partnership. In my presentation today, I would like to show how aviation can actually support States in the implementation of the objective number 10 of the global compact to prevent and eradicate human trafficking in the context of international migration. So the global compact recognizes that migration is a defining feature of our globalized world, connecting societies within and across all regions and making us all countries origin, transit and destination. Now, globalization is extremely important for aviation that seeks a world with open borders for people to travel and trade to flourish. Aviation industry calls itself to be the business of freedom that liberates people to live better lives. The vital connectivity that is provided by aviation is a force for good connecting businesses to markets, reuniting families and friends and facilitating tourism and also cultural exchange. The fact is that the global transport system can also be misused by criminals to facilitate the trafficking of men, women and children. We say that beneath the surface of easy access and global connectivity, there is evidence that traffickers are using aircraft to convey victims and we had few testimony from, especially from crew, from the members of the crew. Human trafficking is not only highly profitable and not easy to discover, but recent research evidence that it actually serves as a cash generator to finance acts of unlawful interference towards civilization. Now, in the efforts to identify victims and support governments and low enforcement authorities, low enforcement authorities actually and different governments around the world are increasingly looking for customer facing staff through the transport sector, including airlines, to be trained in human trafficking awareness and reporting. Once trained, staff maybe has to be an additional set of highs and hears to help in the prevention of human trafficking, especially in identifying the victims. Now, our position is that while the provision of training on identifying human trafficking indicators is critically important on its own is not enough. There is else that needs to be done behind. That's why we have launched a multi-layered approach that I'm going to explain to you in the following slides that is summarized here, but I'm going to throw one by one. First of all, we issued a political commitment with the Ayaga HGM resolution in June 2018 this year. This resolution approved unanimously by more than 290 airlines, denounces human trafficking, and commits the airline industry to join forces in the fight and support state authorities. This includes urging airlines to implement a policy on human trafficking and also to train relevant staff in awareness and reporting to the state authorities and to the law enforcement agencies. Second, we have set out an awareness campaign that is called Eyes Open Campaign that aims to increase staff and passengers' awareness of the extent and humanitarian consequences of human trafficking through aviation. This includes an animated film, infographics, leaflets, and other resources that can be easily found in the Ayata website available for everyone. Third, we also issued policy guidance and training material for our members. We need airlines to understand what to do in terms of developing policies. Human trafficking is a crime and also to developing internal procedures. We don't need only to report to enforcement agencies, we need also to build track within the airlines. We also are providing airlines with practical tools such as virtual training models. Also, the first module is available on our website and can be easily downloaded. This training illustrates common indicators of trafficking that aviation employees may encounter and how to immediately report suspected trafficking cases to law enforcement. So we tell our airlines how they can report those suspected indicators of suspected victims. Fourth, of course, our airlines need to understand with law enforcement in each country where reports of suspected trafficking incidents can be made, especially when those are in flight. That's why we reached out to governments and international organizations such as IOM, the UNODC, the UNOHCHCHR, the IKO, the Bali process, and many others. There is also an advocacy element to the Ayata work. We think that actually there are no benefits for us and for states if the help of the airlines is provided and if we train our airlines on spotting human trafficking indicators, if our airlines, they don't know to whom they have to report the suspicions. Therefore, working through our country offices in the world, we have researched the policy in place should aircrew have suspicions of trafficking during a flight or before even a victim is boarded, because we think that actually when a victim is on board is already too late. So human trafficking indicators should even be spotted before the victim goes on board. Knowing to whom to report how and when, so to whom, how to report and when, is for our airlines critically important. Sometimes aviation is really the last leg before a victim disappears forever. In our efforts, as you see in these slides, we have engaged with more than 90 governments in the world. Only a few states, two states, actually have reported to having legislation framework and reporting protocol in place specifically for airlines. In this scenario, you may understand that without proper legislation framework, reporting suspected victims would only be for us a tick box exercise and we don't want to have a tick box exercise. This is actually what I was mentioning, our different, our layered approach is actually an example of where the private sector can help develop partnership frameworks and support consultative processes on migration issues. In this case, the aviation industry holds significant combining power, we have demonstrated as well, with connections to corporate bodies, training authorities, governments and the traveling public, all of whom need to cooperate in order to tackle human trafficking in the skies as well on the ground. At this point, in ending my brief presentation, the message that I wish you to take away is the following. Hayata is the business of freedom and we want to be a model for other industries on how other industries can approach human trafficking. We want to work with governments, other international organization, regulators and law enforcement to deliver results in the spirit of increased cooperation, coordination and exchange. Our initiative wants to be a tool which we are putting in the hands first of our members, then of the authorities and our partners. But we also recognize that there is only so much that the aviation industry can do to help prevent trafficking. The vigilance and professionalism overlines and aviation staff can save more people from becoming victims of these horrendous crimes. For this to happen, we think that there is a need for a comprehensive approach linking policy to processes in the spirit of collaboration with those international actors that can make the compact a reality. In this sense, my presentation, thank you so much. I'm sure you agree with me that our presenters have given us very insightful presentations on various topics that have to do with capacity building. I don't intend to summarize these presentations because we don't have time and also because they were very straightforward and I'm sure we all pick some useful things from them. I just want to highlight two or three issues that we set the stage for our discussion. First of all, you agree with me that they talk about the importance of regional level partnerships. So regional level partnerships were talked about. We saw the situation of the Council of Europe. We also saw the situation in the African Union and I also had a situation of ECOWAS. So ECOWAS since 1979 has been implementing what we call the Free Movement Protocol and this was a regional level agreement and that has also a component of development of capacity. But what is the key issue here which was highlighted by both Mr. Thomas and Doto is the fact that most of these partnerships tend to focus on policy formulation but not on the implementation. So we lack the implementation capacity. So sometimes at the regional level members will gather and then they will try to formulate nice fine-tuning policies which are very good on paper to govern migration. And when it comes to the implementation of these policies then you have less commitment and also you have less capacity. So I think that is something that we should be taking of as we ask our questions. How can we enhance capacity development in the area of policy implementation? It shouldn't just be in the area of what Mr. Thomas calls standard setting where we just develop rules on paper to protect migrants but we don't implement it. We need to be thinking of how we are going to enhance capacity to implement policy. Then also highlighted the importance of working with UN agencies and other international organizations and this is very, very important. From my own experience and I've been telling my students this, now most of the capacity beauty programs that we have in West Africa, for instance, have been coordinated and funded by UN agencies or by the European Union through UN agencies. So within the ECOWAS region we work extensively with IOM, ICMPD and ILO to develop training programs for the countries involved. So these partnerships are very important. Not only are we sending capacity down, but it also offers us a ground for mutual learning. So capacity building cannot go on if we don't collaborate with international organizations. We need political commitment on the part of our governments to do this. So they just don't agreement that they will not support. Then lastly they also talk about partnership with non-state actors and this is very, very important. So we had them talk about how they work with non-state actors to extend health services to vulnerable migrants. Also working with even actors in the transportation industry or the airline industry and that is very, very important. In most regions of the world the problem is that state agencies hardly work with non-state actors. So civil society groups have a lot to give, but then sometime in some areas we have the government state institutions hijacking all the processes of policy implementation, especially when some little money is involved. Non-state actors are complete, bitterly and I get to know this because I work with both government and non-state actors. So I think something we should be building upon is how to partner with non-state actors to implement some of the policies that we have already talked about.