 Storms are a major process that transport sediment from near shore to off shore environments. So I've drawn a coastline here with the normal wave base and the waves interact with the bottom above this wave base zone and they transport the sediment back and forth onto the beach and off the beach and under normal circumstances any sediment that's entrained in the flow and gets out here and is deposited below a wave base. With storms you tend to have very large winds that increase the size of the waves so you often have larger than normal waves and the storm can drive water onto the coast and pull it back off. In other words they can create a storm surge and so that storm surge creates currents and generally both of these really increase the amount of erosion along the shoreline. So when a storm comes in a lot of the energy is focused where the waves are breaking in the zone here so you tend to get a lot of erosion along the shorelines. So if the storm is really large and washes up into these higher areas usually the flow slows down as it gets further inland and you end up with deposits inland and then a lot of the sediment also gets washed into the deeper parts of the ocean as well. So we often see storm deposits in these near shore but deeper water types of environments and we often get very characteristic deposits that are influenced by this combination of waves and currents. So in general the flow speeds of those decrease as you go out so that usually the coarser grains are deposited near the shore and the finer grains get moved farther offshore. So if we look at a typical sequence of a storm deposit through time we often have, if we look at a typical sequence of what happens in a storm through time we have sort of our normal background waves. Usually the wave size increases before you get the current so you end up with larger waves. We end up with peak waves plus the storm surge and this is the time when there's the most energy around so then we'll go down to the medium waves and the storm surge starts retreating so this would be as the storm is moving away so that is usually offshore flow and then we have a continuation of medium waves and then we go back to normal waves. Let's change this to large because they can decrease through time. So if we think about this in terms of what we get with the sediment if we're looking out below wave base before the storm comes there's not much going on the waves get larger it will start moving the sediment at deeper water depths but usually when that happens it hasn't been very much erosion from on shore yet so the sediment supply isn't very large and then as the flow speeds increase with the storm surge and the peak waves usually what happens in this zone here is you get erosion and so often when the storm is coming you may be moving the sediment around but it doesn't leave much of a deposit instead you tend to get an erosional surface or a little unconformity and then as the wave starts to, as the storm starts to leave the flow speeds are decreasing through time and so usually in this part you end up with deposition so almost always what we see in the rock record from a storm deposit is evidence of erosion and the waning aspects of the storm. Thanks for watching.