 Good morning, everyone. Welcome to this morning's class. Hope you had a good weekend, looking forward to a great week ahead. Let's pray and let's get started. I would like to request one of you to please lead in prayer. Anybody? Dave, would you be able to lead? Thank you once again for this wonderful week that you have given us. Thank you that we have got this opportunity to come to the time we have learned. As we go through it, Lord Jesus, I pray that you will touch each one of us so that we can comprehend everything that we are supposed to know, Lord God. As we learn it, Lord Jesus, I hope it's one of us to be able to use it, Lord Jesus, and help our man and those who are having a great time. Amen. Thank you. Thank you, Dave. So we have started studying from the book of 1 Peter in the last class and that's what we are going to continue with today. Hebrews is completed and this week I will be posting an assignment for all of us. So keep an eye on your Google Classroom and those of you who are connecting via e-learning platform, you can just make a note of the assignment and do it in time and submit it. That would be your second assignment and then there will be a last assignment which will come up a little later towards the end of the course. So coming back to 1 Peter over here, I gave a brief introduction in the last class and I shared that as Peter introduces himself, this episode was written by Peter and Peter is quite clear about his calling. You know, you see him addressing himself as an Apostle of Jesus Christ. So that is about the authorship of this letter. We also see that this letter was written roughly around the same time as that of the book of Hebrews. And during that time there was persecution which was quite prevalent in the regions. So around 67 to 6980, that's the timing when this book was written. It was written as an encouragement. So you have words of hope that Peter includes here. He helps the believers understand what kind of a hope God has given them so that they should not fix their mind on the earthly problems. Instead they must value the kingdom realities that their spirit man can understand. So that's what he's calling these believers to. And in the last class I said that it was written to the Jews and Gentiles. But then, you know, primarily as I just studied further, I noticed that it was written to the Gentiles. So it was written to the Gentiles and many of the regions that are mentioned in 1 Peter, some of the places that he includes. Right in chapter 1, they're all Gentile regions. So the audience is Gentile. But of course, you know, the Jews also can learn from it. So the audience is Gentiles. Okay, so let's just settle that without any confusion. And the audience is from Asia Minor. So it was earlier called as Asia Minor, the region. But then, you know, you will read certain names of places which later on, you know, they had newer names, but that region is known as Asia Minor. So that is a little bit about the book. And about Peter, you know, there is a lot that is known to us in the Word of God. We see that Peter was a notable disciple of Jesus. He, by personality, was the one who spoke before he thought, you know, that kind of an attitude he carried. He wanted to step out. He had that courage to always step out and do something for God. You see that he had the courage to even rebuke Jesus when Jesus said that he's going to die on the cross. You find Peter saying, no, Jesus, you know, don't say that. So he was the only one among the disciples who had that kind of an attitude and courage even to tell Jesus what to do. So that is Peter's personality. Jesus also rebuked Peter when, you know, Peter said that, okay, Jesus, you're not going to die this difficult death. Then, you know, get the behind me Satan. Jesus rebuked. It was the influence of the enemy, right? So though Peter spoke, Jesus recognized that it's the influence of Satan and that is why Jesus also rebuked Peter. So we see that. So a little more about Peter would be that very unfortunately he denied Jesus. He told Jesus that he is going to stand for him and face any difficulty for Jesus. But, you know, three times he actually denied Jesus. And it was a very, you could say it was a low in his faith walk with the Lord. But later on when the Lord Jesus ascended up into heaven, the birth of the new church or the early church took place on the day of Pentecost. And over there you see Peter emerging as one of the notable apostles. So there are many apostles. You can take note of like John and James and all those people and each one had their assignment to do. But Peter, in the very initial days, he provided leadership. So that is the personality of Peter. And we also recognize that Peter had this problem of letting go of his traditions. So initially he was not open to preaching the gospel to the Gentiles. But he had a vision in Acts 9 and 10, we know that he went. God gave him a vision and said, you know, sure, don't disregard any group of people. So I'm sending you to the house of Cornelius, a Gentile. You go there, you preach the gospel. So he obeys it, he goes and he ministers to the Gentiles. So that's where his ministry, you know, opens up into the Gentile community. And later on also, there is an incident where we observe that Peter, he followed certain traditions to keep the Jews happy. And, you know, he was a, he tried to, like he wouldn't eat with the Gentiles and all that again to keep the Jews happy. So he would do things like that. Paul rebukes him and says, come on, Peter, you have to have the same stand. You can't have double standards. So that was, you know, again, Peter's attitude. But now when we read this epistle, it is really interesting to note that he had grown fond of the Gentiles. He had become obedient to the Lord Jesus to an extent where his audience is Gentile. Okay, so the transformation that God brought about in Peter's heart to minister to a group of people that he initially never wanted to minister to. So, you know, that's amazing that 1 Peter 2 Peter, he's writing to the Gentiles. Okay, so let's start off with this chapter. I know that I kind of touched on it in the last class, but again, you know, I just start with verse one and explain it in a proper way today. All right, so we begin with, you know, his introduction. And I told you that people used to write their name in the beginning because then it's easy for the reader to recognize who wrote it. So Peter, an Apostle of Jesus Christ. So his calling as well. He is clear about his calling. Even Paul, you know, you would find Paul writing this Paul and Apostle. So the knowledge of one's calling is, it's really helpful when one knows what they are called to. And in these cases, you know, Paul, Peter, they were quite aware about what God wanted them to do. And then he writes to the pilgrims and I told us that pilgrims means people who are travelling through and on a journey of devotion. Okay, so even here in our nation, we have people who travel to certain parts of the country, be Himalayas or some other places where they go to worship. So when they go there, they are pilgrims. They don't belong to that place, but they've gone to worship and then they will come back. Okay, so to the place where they have a home and they are well settled. So he addresses the listeners or the readers as pilgrims. So what understanding do we have here? See, basically he recognizes that the people of God have a citizenship in heaven. So the earth is not our permanent residence. So one should have that attitude. You know, it's when we end up believing that the earth is everything for us or this world is everything. You know, we gather up, even Jesus said, you gather up riches, you make homes for yourself, you do all these things, which is not wrong. But if we have a mindset that I'm permanently going to be here and so I have to build my kingdom on the earth, then there is a problem. But a pilgrim mindset where we think, okay, I'm passing through the journey of life and I have to do what God has called me to do. But my ultimate citizenship is in heaven. Okay, so that is why he says pilgrims. And I told us that these people were communities of Gentiles that were in the Asia Minor region. So what are some of the places where they were? It's called Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. So these are the places where the audience lived and they were primarily Gentile people. And he also uses the term dispersion. Okay, dispersion was a term which was used for the Jews at the time because we know that after the destruction of the temple, they were the ones who were, you know, they had gone and spread across, you know, many different regions. So dispersion was generally a term that was used for them, but he's using it for the Gentiles. Now, we can also understand that he's recognizing the Gentiles as God's people. Okay, and that is why a term which would be used for the Jews, he's open to using that for the Gentiles. Now, coming to verse 2 where he says, elect according to the foreknowledge of God, the Father. So this word, elect, okay, what is it? Elec means chosen. So just think about this. Similar to the book of Hebrews, the book of Peter is also a word of encouragement. So, encouragement is brought in the book of Hebrews. We saw that the revelation of the Lord Jesus, he reveals that you have a greater sacrifice. You have a greater calling. You have a greater temple. You have a greater identity in this God and that's how Hebrews puts it. Similarly, Peter, when he wants to encourage the hearts of the listeners, he goes to the identity of the believer first and he starts with that. He says elect. Already, he said pilgrim. So pilgrim also is really encouraging to know that I have citizenship in heaven. So, no matter what I lose on the earth, my permanent place is up there. So, you see, the identity of the believer is very, very important and as pastors, leaders, when we minister to people, we have to help them become secure in their identity. Now, if people are secure in their spiritual identity of who they are in Christ, they can experience many challenges on the earth, but they will have clarity that all these things are passing. But whatever is essential for eternity, it has already been accomplished for us through Jesus Christ. They will have that confidence and that is why you find Peter also going by the identity. So again, he starts off, he says elect or in other words, you are chosen. And at that time, the Gentiles would have felt a little left out, isn't it? Because the Jews are the ones who were given prominence. But look at Peter, see how his heart has changed. He is writing to the Gentiles and he is telling them, you are chosen. You are selected by God and you are very unique to God. Now, elect is a term which you can use for any believer, not just a Gentile, but everyone who is a child of God is chosen, unique, special unto God. So that's how he begins and he says, according to the fore knowledge of God, the Father. Now, this revelation about the fore knowledge, what is fore knowledge? The fore knowledge is a part of the identity of God. Whenever we say, okay, God, and we describe who God is, we would generally say he is omniscient, omnipresent and omnipotent. These are the abilities of our God. So omniscient means he knows everything. He even knows what is going to happen before it happens. So that is fore knowledge where God already knows who are the people who are going to follow him. So in this case, we see that chosen according to the fore knowledge of God is what Peter is saying. So does it mean that God has a set of people whom he wanted to select to be part of his kingdom? The others, he said, okay, you know, you don't have to be a part of my kingdom. I have already chosen a few. Does it work like that? Because he's saying you are chosen according to God's fore knowledge. So the way we should understand this is you look at all the other passages in scripture. When you see the Lamb of God was slain before the foundation of the earth. God so loved the world that he gave us only begotten Son. Whosoever believes, those are the words that we read in other passages. So anyone who believes can receive salvation. So we must not understand or interpret this chosen fore knowledge as God has already selected the people whom he wants in his kingdom. That's not what it means. Basically the invitation is open to the whole world to accept Christ. And that is why we have to go, you know, it says go into all the world and preach the gospel. So we have to preach it to every creature. Now, when we preach and give the choice to everybody, we see that some people respond. Okay. And the way we will understand for knowledge is that God already knows who are the people who are going to respond. So that's how it works. It doesn't mean that God has limited his choice to only a set of people that only those people will understand the gospel. Only they will come into the kingdom. That's not the way we understand because there are many passages in scripture that say this gospel will be preached to everyone or God has given his son as a redemption price for all of mankind. So he does not make any distinction or he is not partial. Okay. So this election, the way we look at it is that, you know, it's like choices given to all, but God knows who chooses him. Okay. So that is the way we understand it. So for knowledge of God, the father in sanctification of the spirit. You see here, he says, you are chosen by who by God, the father that already is so encouraging for us in sanctification of the spirit. So you see here, the in this verse, you see the harmony and the working of the Godhead. So God, the father is mentioned sanctification of the spirit. What work does the Holy Spirit do in the life of a believer? There are many, many things that the spirit does, isn't it? We know that he empowers, he directs, he guides, but in this case, you see that he also sanctifies or he cleanses. Okay. So no wonder John the Baptist, he said, you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit and fire because what is fire? Fire will burn up the chaff or the works of the flesh in us. It will be burnt up when we give ourselves to the work of the Holy Spirit. So sanctification of the spirit. So that is the work that the Holy Spirit does in us. And then he goes on to for the obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ. So you see here, the introduction of the Lord Jesus as that perfect lamb of sacrifice whose blood is sprinkled. Okay. For obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ. So there are all the three persons of the Godhead mentioned here. And he says that, you know, we, God has worked on our behalf in this way with everyone, everyone together. Okay. And we know that, yeah, the last portion here, grace to you and peace be multiplied. So that is simply a way of greeting the believers. So apparently in their culture, their Greek culture, they would greet people with grace. You know, we say hello or while saying bye sometimes say, hey, God bless you. So it's our way of greeting. Basically it's their greeting. In the Greek culture, they would say grace, you know, may grace be upon you or grace be given to you. So he is blessing the people with that term, you know, grace. And then the Christian way of blessing people was, okay, may you receive God's peace. So grace and peace be multiplied to you. So it's just a way of greeting the people. He continues. He said, Blessed be the God and father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his abundant mercy has begotten us again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ. So he is reminding them, as I've been saying, you know, the identity which they have. He's reminding them that they are already, he talked about chosen elect. Now he's reminding them that they are begotten. So what is begotten? You know, begotten could be understood as being born again. So they were given this new life in Christ Jesus through what? Through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. Okay, so here we are, we are the elect and we are the begotten of the Lord Jesus Christ and born into what? Again, so much of hope, so much of hope in what Peter is saying. You know, he is saying that living hope, we have been born into a living hope. In other words, it is a hope that does not die or it is a hope that does not disappoint. Okay, because there can be many promises out there in the world which could disappoint us. But he says that our confidence is so strong that you have a new life through Jesus Christ. And your life is, it comes with a warranty, you know, living hope. Your hope is alive and God has done this for us. And again, when we look at how good God is to his people, we also notice that according to his abundant mercy. Now, if God were not merciful and loving towards us, then there is no way for us to have this kind of a life. I mean, think about it, you know, if God were the condemning type, or if God were the punishing type. Now, he is a just God, but he's also a loving God. Okay, so there is a balance. Now, God is not going to go back on his own character and do something against himself. He will never do that. So, what can God do? He has to be just, right? And sin has to be punished. So, in order to overcome this sin, what he has done is he has put the punishment on the Lord Jesus and he has extended abundant mercy to his people. That's the way he has established justice, but he has also released love upon his people. And so, you know, we can think about all this, oh wow, I have a new life in Christ Jesus. I have been begotten, I am chosen and my new life is full of hope, living hope that I have. Now, this hope that he's talking about, it's not just a hope for this life, but it's also a hope in the life to come. So, you know, that is the way in which God has blessed us. So, we see here, he's referring to inheritance, incorruptible and undefiled and that does not fade away. You know, whenever someone promises us something, let's think about, you know, some of the things that are sort of long term, okay? Let's say someone promised us a home or a house and they gave us a house. We'll be so happy that, oh wow, you know, I received this house. And in the long term, hopefully, you know, that house will be of great value and benefit to us. Now, even these things, you know, which are in the long term, on the earth, we can't be sure of anything. You know, what if something happens, something unexpected happens and we no longer have ownership to that house, okay? So, things here on the earth are quite uncertain. So, basically, he's saying that when we rejoice in the inheritance that we have on the earth, you know, how much more we should rejoice in the inheritance that we have in heaven, which, you know, he adds to that, he says, incorruptible. Meaning, it is, it will remain, you don't have to worry about, you know, some circumstance or some pest or, you know, something that happens, destroying that inheritance, it will remain for us and undefiled, okay? Undefiled is, it will not become impure, our inheritance, which we have in Christ Jesus and it will not fade away, okay? Or the value of that inheritance is not going to become lesser in any way. So, we have hope, not just in this life, but even in the life to come, as you think about your life ahead, you can rejoice. Oh, wow, you know, God has also given me such an inheritance which nobody can take away from me. And then he says, it is reserved in heaven for you. Wow, think about it, you know, that God, it's when you say that a chair is reserved, it's waiting for us. So, in the same way, he's reminding the believers, as it is, you know, God's abundant mercy, living hope, being an elect of God, we, all this itself is so, you know, it brings a lot of joy to us and to know that we have such a great inheritance, and he adds to it and he says, it's waiting for you, especially for you, it has been kept aside and they are kept by the power of God through faith for salvation, ready to be revealed in the last time. So, at its time, its set time, you are going to walk into these things and experience these things. So, there's a lot of encouragement for the believers. Now, what is happening? Why are the believers becoming so discouraged? The persecution, opposition, you see, when we become focused on it, right, the trials in this life, we completely forget the eternal value of this new life that we have and the inheritance that God has for us. And so, for us as believers, it's very important, that's why he started by telling them pilgrims, don't be so attached to this world, okay, and focus yourselves on the eternal more than the natural. So that, again, it's not an invitation for us to be completely absent mentally here in the world. No, because we have to be wise, we have to do the work which God has called us to do. We have to make use of the resources and be good stewards of what God has given us. But our perspective must be a heavenly perspective. When we carry a heavenly perspective, it's not easy for the enemy to discourage us. So that is the point. Now, moving on, we are at verse 6, we see here, he says, again, you know, giving them perspective, he says, you greatly rejoice, but now for a little while, if need be, you have been grieved by various trials. So he's saying, right now, you are sad because of the challenges that you're going through. And look at this, he does not deny or he does not rebuke them and say, how can you be sad when you're going through difficulties in the world? You are a believer, you should never be sad. He never says that. He in fact says, you are grieved by various trials. So it is possible for us as believers to feel that grief in the difficulties because after all, it's natural for us to experience that. However, he says, look, if you bear those trials well, he says the genuineness of your faith, that will be seen, that will be shown. Even gold will perish, but you see that your faith will remain. If you carry an eternal perspective and don't give into the sadness that you are experiencing because of the difficulties that you are going through. So it's put very beautifully. Let me just read it for you. It's quite self-explanatory. It says, you have been grieved by various trials that the genuineness of your faith being much more precious than gold that perishes. Though it is tested by fire, may be found to praise, honour and glory at the revelation of Jesus Christ. So the difficulties are a form of test. Test of what? Of our faith. And when we hold on in faith through those difficulties. You know, it will come forth. He says more precious than gold. So we are all quite familiar that gold, isn't it? Gold is, they work with fire to purify it. And when you use fire, extreme fire, gold usually it survives it because it's a precious metal. So he says that when we go through our trials with the right attitude and with faith, sometimes even gold might perish. But when this earth is all destroyed, even gold will perish. But our faith will not perish. It is more precious than gold. So when our faith is tested, we need to carry the right attitude. And when our faith remains, it will bring praise, glory, honour and especially when the Lord Jesus is revealed. And he says that having not seen you love. So think about this. You know, Peter was a man who walked with Jesus when Jesus was alive. But he is talking to a set of believers who probably never met Jesus. Okay, it's like about 13, 30 decades after the ascension of Jesus. So he knows that, but he had great honour for the people because they never saw Jesus, but they still loved him. And he was blessed by that thought. And he also says, now you don't see him, yet you still believe in him. And you rejoice with joy in expressible and full of glory, receiving the end of your faith, the salvation of your souls. So, you know, he is happy about the fact that these are believers. Okay, so what is the meaning of believing? You know, the things we don't see, we trust that, hey, it's true. God has done it. God is real. Jesus is real. So he is encouraged by the believers for the faith that they have in a God whom they have not seen. So it's a lot of encouragement coming from Peter to a discouraged set of people. Now verse 10, he helps them understand that the salvation which they are experiencing, it is very valuable. Now think about Hebrews. When we studied about Hebrews, same thing, isn't it? He was telling the Jews that you're so thrilled about your temple worship and your sacrifices and all that. But let me tell you, now Jesus is the real high priest, high priest forever in the real tabernacle. Now you don't have to offer animals sacrifices because it is, you know, it is corruptible. The blood of animals, it's nothing compared to the precious blood of Jesus. So he makes all these comparisons. Why does he do that? To make the Jewish believers understand what you have is way greater than what the people who follow Judaism have. Because it's the real thing now. Jesus the Messiah is the fulfillment of all those Jewish practices. Similarly to the Gentile believers, you know, Peter is helping them understand what they have. It's so precious. He says, look, salvation. You have salvation. And you know what? This salvation is something that the prophets, you know, there are so many Old Testament prophets who prophesied. You have Messianic prophecies, isn't it? We talk about it. We say, I don't know the exact numbers. I think somewhere around 400 prophecies or something where people like Isaiah, they have prophesied different things that will happen. And you know, the son of God, he will be born. He will be born of a virgin. He will be born in such a place. So many things have been spoken about the Messiah. So they inquired and searched carefully who prophesied about the grace that would come to you. So basically he says that they testified of the Lord Jesus and, you know, him coming and all that. To them it was revealed that not to themselves but to us they were ministering. So in whatever they said, what happened is they were actually telling us, you know, what we are going to see and what we are going to experience through the redeeming work of the Lord Jesus Christ. So all these things have been ministered to you. They have been spoken to you through the prophets. And these are such great things that he also adds and he says that things which angels desire to look into. So talking about salvation, talking about salvation, all testament prophets, they prophesied but they could not receive this kind of salvation through Jesus themselves. So how exciting it would have been for them to reveal, you know, bits and pieces. And it would have been really exciting if they could experience what they spoke about but, you know, that was not to be. They spoke it for us and here we are experiencing that salvation. And this salvation is so precious that we are told even the angels were wondering what is God going to do? How is he going to redeem his people? What are the steps that he will take? So God never really shared the plan on the idea with the angels also. So even the angels, till now they are looking with great awe and delight at the things which are unfolding in the world. But here is what we should be happy about as believers and that time, Gentile believers, he's telling the believers, look, this kind of salvation which the prophets did not fully understand. The angels want to understand but they were not told, you have been given that. I have been given that. So isn't it, you know, precious? Should you not be rejoicing about all these supernatural spiritual things instead of getting sucked up in the difficulties that you are going through? But even if you're going through difficulties, he's just encouraging them and he's saying, look, even gold will perish but your faith which is tested by fire, you know, it will remain to the glory of God. So in other words, you know, we say win-win situation, isn't it? Which means, it simply means you don't have any loss. Even if you suffer under trials, God is going to reward you. If you don't suffer, great, you know, who wants to go through difficulties and opposition, persecution, you don't want to. Either way, you are a happy person, you know, you are a blessed person. You are the chosen person and salvation is given to you. So believers, don't be upset with your struggles. Be encouraged because God has given you abundant mercy. You are such blessed people. In other words, if you just want to sum it all up, what he's saying is, you are so blessed. I am so blessed. So remember that. Now moving on to verse 13. So now, you know, he says, God up the loyals of your mind. Be sober and rest your hope fully upon the grace that is to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ. So he is telling them the value of having the right mindset. He says, God up the loyals of your mind. God up the loyals means those days, you know, people used to wear robes and whenever they were on a journey or travelling, they would fasten the robe so that it's easy for them to travel fast. So even today we know that, you know, we do do that, isn't it? Like, suppose I need to, if I'm wearing something a little flowy or something, if I have to ride a bike, we all know that here in India, sometimes you just have these scarves so you tie yourself up tight like Dupatta or whatever you tie it up nicely and then you hold on to the bike and then you ride because you don't want any disturbance. So it's like your preparedness to do a task which is ahead of you. So you're just fastening yourself up or in other words, you know, let's say you're rolling your sleeve if you have sleeves, if you have really long sleeves, all these are actions that show that I am focusing on the task ahead of me. So in the same way you're selling them, in your mind you have to take action. It's like rolling up the sleeves of your mind because now I'm getting serious to do something. So in your mind, don't be slack or don't be careless. You fasten your seat belts, in other words, in your mind and he says be sober. Sober means avoiding extremes. Now we read in Galatians 5 that the fruit of the spirit, you have a whole list there, there are many things but it's also self-control which means that we are not at the extremes of any form of attitude. There is a lot of self-regulation. I'm able to control my behavior, my choices. So he says for a believer, don't become so overtaken by the problems around you that you have no control over the way your mind thinks, oh God has left me, God has forsaken me. You know all such thoughts can come but he's saying no, you take control of your mind. Be sober meaning you must be able to regulate your thought. Don't go to the extremes, be self-controlled and he says rest your hope fully upon the grace that is to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ. He's saying in your mind think about salvation, think about what Jesus has done, think about all the things that will unfold. For example, we talked about inheritance, the reward. If you overcome temptation, you have a reward. So there are so many things that God has promised for us that I can fix my mind on. When I do that, I will be steady, otherwise my mind will wander away. So he says it's very important to conquer the mind as a child of God. And he says as obedient children. So basically he says focus and obedience, saying yes to God is so important for believers. And don't remain the way you used to be because now again he's talking to Gentile believers and we know that Gentile believers had a completely different way of worship. And some of the practices which they had were very ungodly also. So that's why he's telling them, please don't be like your old selves. Your old self was, you know, there were lusts within you and there was ignorance. You never understood about God. But now that one is a believer, we can't have that old lifestyle which was filled with lust and with ignorance. Both these things should not be part of a life of a believer. But what kind of life should one have? So he says what God is telling us as believers is be holy even as I am holy. So we as believers are being called for a life which is set apart. So again, think about the situation of the Gentile believers. They were living among others who are observing them and if they did not have a better life or a more moral life compared to what it used to be, just think about what the people who watched them would think. What has changed? Nothing has changed. These people say they believe in God but they continue to live their lives with lust or they live their lives in an unholy way. However, Peter is saying, come on, now you are set apart. Holy means what? Holy means set apart. God has chosen you as his people. So the kind of life that now we have to live as believers, it has to be one that honors God. That is why God says, be holy as I am holy. So that is the mandate which God has given us. So what we will do, classes, we will take a break right now and we will come back. We will continue with the remaining portion of 1 Peter 1 and then move into 1 Peter 2. So let's go in for a 10 minute break. We will be back at 10 a.m. Thank you.