 And we will start with a QA session now. 1131, Valtran Institute of Technology, Solapur. So, we are expecting some guidelines from you, so that these projects can be of PG level from M Tech and ME. Yeah, these projects that you have seen, they are preliminary investigative, you know they are the stage which is called a literature stage. So, when you are actually looking for a topic, you have to explore in and out, you know what, see you have to be strong in the fundamentals first. After that, you would like to do some projects. So, you have to see, there must be a motivation also behind the project. Motivation is not just doing a project, but the motivation behind that particular topic, why this topic is so important and now you start looking at in the whole world what people have done and then you choose a project and then you say, you know you come down to a point where a particular idea or a particular problem, you know you will have to identify a problem also in that. After that, you have to tackle using your fundamentals, why this, can I solve this problem in a different way? There are multiple ways of solving a problem and then you say that I want to solve this problem. Now, that stage will take a long time. It is not easy and it is not, you know just, it is not solving insertion sort problem or that shell sort problem, you know you may have to find the property of that problem and then go ahead and you know, so it is research. So, at the MTech level or ME level, you know you have to do so many things, it is not just about a project, you know you do not just choose a project at the first stage, you choose a domain, you know where the impact is more and then explore and explore and see what people have done in the whole world and then you say, ok I would like to solve this one, looks very interesting. Now, how many people have solved this problem and in what angle they have tried to tackle this problem. So, then you know you will narrow down to one path. After that, you know more exploration will happen, sometimes frustration will happen, you know you have to cope up with all these things and then you will say that yes, now this problem what I am trying to solve is actually going to solve some real issue also. It may be in theory, it may be in practice, but you know, so you will finally see that you should be contributing to the knowledge body. So, all this problem and all this research topics which are, they are quite less, they are more on dokuviki you will find a lot of stuff, that dokuviki is also not complete, but you can check there are many, many areas where people are working and you know, so you need a guide also. One double to nine, Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Maharashtra. What is the difference between linear and relative layout? Means which one is performance based? You mean hierarchical and linear structure. No, linear and relative means considering the performance which layout we should use in XML. Okay, if you are asking this question, I believe linear is just linear and the relative is something in relation to some, I mean you are, it is relative to something else, you know, some point. Now if you are looking for performance, I don't see any difference because they are small codes and I think I should run as equally as, I mean is that your, what I am trying to answer is that fulfills your... But most of the applications are using relative? Most of the applications are using relative probably because it is easy to code. In linear we are using horizontal and linear vertical. Right. So, using the, this relative layout. Right. This can improve the performance in screen. How it can improve? Yeah, that's my question. Means how does it, is it improving or not? No, how, who told you it's going to increase? Or you are asking whether it's going to increase? Yeah, I am just asking. So, I think maybe if you can look at it, why if it is increasing, then probably if the performance is increasing, maybe due to some, you know, computation that happens in the linear methods or, you know, those, the methods related to the relative type. So, that could be the only indication why if the performance is a performance, that of course there will be performance difference. You know, if you are talking of Raster and Wester graphics, if you are done graphics course, you will come to know why which one is faster and which one is slower. So, it depends on your application. Your application, you want to be faster, probably you will use one. So, according to you, which should I use? Relative or linear? I would, I would say you should perform an experiment on this. Then you will get results, whether which is going to be faster. But the experiment if you are going to perform, don't perform on a very small scale. Use a huge data to perform experiment. Then you will realize. And then you can capture the log inside and analyze it. If you have done an experiment and a design course, that will tell you, you know, how you do an experiment. And then, in fact, if you can document it well, like, you know, procedure, apparatus, you know, observations and then, what do you say, calculations like your physics and biology and mathematics, what is it? Science, journals, you know, normally people don't do that. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, thank you. I will be happy to receive. One, two, four, three. National Institute of Science and Technology. My question is, how we can, what is the use of IPC mechanism and how we can use it effectively in application, android application? IPC is an inter-process communication mechanism. So, whenever two processes want to communicate, they need to use IPC. So, for android, we are using the binder only. If you are looking at IPC mechanism in Linux, then there are many mechanisms are there, like Linux is using signal, socket, semaphore. So, all these are used, but android only will use the binder mechanism. So, effectively means, this is the effective way, the binder compared to the old IPC mechanism, which are in the Linux only. So, one, one, two, one, SVP Engineering College, Visagapatnam. Sir, what is the advantage of representing the data in premaps, sir? It's actually depend on the data as well. If you want to see the data, whole data in one go, like for example, you don't want to see the labels or detail of a data. So, just size of the data and different colors. So, these are of importance. So, you just show the whole data on Tremap. But if you want to navigate the tree or you want to search any particular node, then Tremap is not a good choice. Use a space tree or any node link who is better. And Tremap, because here you don't need to scroll, because you have seen the whole data is within that rectangular box. So, it's not very readable. So, if you require data that is more readable or you want to show labels, then Tremap is not the best option. If you Google or search on it Tremap, then you'll see more the graphical like charts and graph type of data would be better render on Tremaps. So, if you just search on it, you will exactly see the difference. How we will know whether it is a trusted application or bogus application, madam? That depends on your thinking. Suppose some game application is there and game application is asking access to your phone book. So, you can think that why game application is asking the access to your phone book. So, you can say it is not trusted and you can change the permission of phone book to bogus or empty. So, it's not like predefined that this application is trusted or this application is not trusted. It depends what the permission that application is asking and whether that application need that permission or not. So, depending on that, you can decide whether the application is trusted or not. Does I give your answer? Then what is the advantage of using Tissa or Moch right sir? So, that's what I am saying. Tissa is an idea whether suppose some application is there which is asking this type of permission which you think it is not good. Why that application is asking permission to access my phone book or anything. Suppose you are using some game and that game application is saying I need access to your phone book. Then you can also think why it need the access to your phone book. So, by using Tissa model, you can install the game, you can play the game, but you won't give the access to that permission. So, this is the advantage of Tissa and everything. Sir, what is the advantage of maintaining the log history? That is Android you told us sir. Android we maintain a log history in RAM. Other than we can take it from secondary memory now sir. Yes, we will never maintain any log history in the RAM, but we will keep the applications which are interesting to the user. We will keep the log history in SD card itself, but our application we are going to create, it will use the log history from the SD card only. We are not keeping any log history inside the RAM, but instead of log history we are keeping the applications which are frequently used by the user. Okay? Yes sir, okay sir. But in Android you told all the applications are stored in RAM, other than to save the time, other than taking from the secondary memory sir. Yes sir. But if there is an application which is greater than the RAM, you have to kill all the processors sir. Okay, good question. You are asking that if the application is greater than the RAM says, whether we will allow that application into the RAM or not? Okay? That is the question. Yeah. Yeah, right now maybe I think there are no such kind of applications, but if you have such, we can use the Linux as the swapping mechanism, so it may not be a problem. And virtual memory concept also there. We can use the swapping technique and we can resolve that. It simply works based upon the Linux kernel. Okay? Is Android supports the virtual memory sir? Yeah, yeah. Whether it is a external or internal? Virtual memory, how it may be external or internal? It's a virtual no? I have one question regarding data visualization issues on tablets. Can we use that data visualization as a database management? Data visualization is just to show the data differently. It's not a database management system or anything. And issues, issues means there are click events. So in touch screen tablets, we don't have click events. We'll touch and touch move. So these things affect the interactivity and somehow animation. And since in tablet, RAM size is very less. So because of if the data is too much, then to render it, it takes a lot of time and it's also affects the animation. So these kind of issues are there. And again, the size of this screen is very small. So the font size, the color that we use to show the data, these are all things we need to consider because in the desktop environment, it's far more different. So you cannot just support the same layout or same technique on the tablet. You need to do some changes here and there. I mean, it's in consideration. We are working on that. It's not yet a layout or a predefined, you can say, things. You need to find out what are the optimal way to actually use it on the tablet efficiently. 1098 Maratwada Institute, Aurangabad. Sir, my question is relative to Emulator. Why launching failures show some time? Any application launching stops, camera stops? Why this happen? So if you're getting some error while launching Emulator, that's what we assume the question is. So the first is check your AVD manager. You go to the Windows Android AVD manager, check all configuration of your Emulator first, and then try to run it. Or just if it's again giving error, then please just stop that device, delete that device, create a new one, or restart your Eclipse ones. It should work. I mean, there is no such default problems with Emulator until and unless it's not installed properly. So make sure it has been installed on Eclipse properly by going to the AVD manager. I hope that answers your question, sir.