 Heavy metal contamination is a serious global health concern, especially in developing countries. Conventional remediation methods can be costly and generate toxic byproducts, so there is a need for an environmentally friendly solution. Bioremediation using microbes and their extracellular polymeric substance, EPS, is one promising option. EPS is a complex mixture of high molecular wave biopolymers, including proteins, polysaccharides, uronic acids, humic substances, and lipids. These polymers have an anionic charge, allowing them to bind positively charged heavy metals. This article reviews the biosynthesis of EPS, its ability to sequester heavy metals, and the current research on its use in bioremediation. Challenges associated with commercializing EPS are discussed, along with potential applications for its use in detoxifying contaminated environments.