 Good afternoon and thank you very much for being an accurate choice, so I will only briefly introduce her saying that we are very pleased to have her as a Lumni award winner of this year for her remarkable impact and also the entrepreneurial lady that she is. And we have to remember that she works intensively to expand access to water sanitation and hygiene in related services. She has launched a sanitation program at Merrill University of Science and Technology in Kenya. She also established the University's Sanitation Research Institute and since 2021 serves as a director. She is involved in efforts to promote the city-wide inclusive sanitation in Africa. She has founded an organization that seeks to promote the well-being of underprivileged women and girls. And with that, I give the floor to Shoy. Thank you very much for this presentation that will be recorded. Shoy, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Maria. Good afternoon. Good afternoon. Good afternoon. So, thank you very much. I'm giving you our presentation here. I said I work in promoting sanitation. So, whatever I'm showing you here is the actual status in my country, what I'm really dealing with, and I have a suggested solution that I've tried to implement to show people that it is actually possible. So, definitely in the 21st century, we'll be fighting over water. We'll be fighting over water because most of the countries now are workers' cars and whatever is there is contaminated. So, what do we really have to do to save the situation? For the contamination of the water sources, the key contributing factor is population growth. In Kenya, we have about 2.28% that is per annum growth in population. So, when we have these population growth, we have contamination. Contamination of water bodies comes into play. This is because of sometimes poor management, institutional management. When you look at what is happening to our water catchment theorists, there is a lot of degradation. Still, there is a lot of an equal distribution. If the rich are talking about a lot of water, the poor don't have water. If it's there, it's contaminated. Repair and zones are also encroached, and then it all brings all that summation and contributing to global warming. When you look at this population growth, how do we generally impact on our water bodies? The water, as we increase as the population adds, the water requirements, we need more water to sustain this population. We also eat more. When we eat more, we use more water, we release more water. When we eat more, we release a lot of waste. So, it's like the more we increase in population, the more the waste that we produce. That's why I put that waste generation in green. There's more waste being produced. We must be prepared to deal with this waste, which is being generated. When this waste is generated and it's not handled well, then you have a lot of sanitation related illnesses, which brings in poverty. Because the little money that was there is spent in hospitals. When there is poverty, then you have people who are moving to towns and getting to certain slums, because that is the only places they can afford. So, at the end of the day, we have this very many slums within the city centers, which really can't be managed. And not unless you think about how to deal with that population, which is settling there, or how to save a lot of all this, then we are going to have a very big issue. With all this, you're putting a very high pressure on the infrastructure that is already existing. So many of the governments are not in a position to deal with this population, to provide more of the social amenities and basic infrastructure. So, I have a slide here on contribution, contamination of water bodies. How do we have water bodies being contaminated? Quite a number of waste. Poor waste, poor sanitation, this is in... Poor sanitation, there, I refer to our waste, called solid waste management poor. There are also increased agricultural activities. Remember, when we increase in population, farmers have to do more work. These activities are utilizing a lot of factors. When it rains, all this is being certain to water bodies, and also this is also the aspect of industrialization. Whatever you have here is a case of Nairobi River, which is passing through the informal slum settlements in Nairobi. This Nairobi River, currently, is feeding Adam, which is being constructed, which is called the Dworkendam, which is a 32 billion Kenyan shipping project, a huge investment. But as it is, it's being said it might be a white elephant. White elephant, why? If you look at this water, this is actually flowing sewage. If you pass by this river, you have to close it because it's mailing. This area is surrounded by industries, and also there are the slums. And for these slums, the waste is released directly into this particular river. So, it doesn't matter what you do. If something is not done to avoid this type of pollution, if this river here was saved, the population in slums would be saved. This is the water you're seeing. It's available, but you can see it, but you can't use it. But if it can be saved, it can be act as a source of water for the population who are around that area. So, this one here, I've given a case of Kenya, but sanitation is basically a prohibition. Kenya where I come from, these figures here, I got through an interview, they conducted something in them. I asked, I will be doing a publication, because the results are not yet reported. So, in this, you ask, what's the sanitation carbon? This is in Nairobi. What's the sanitation carbon? The person doesn't want to tell you, but tells you 27% in Nairobi. And 27% includes the sewer, 89% sewage, 27%. What about the water coverage? With a lot of power and confidence, 65%. And tells you, if all goes well, by the end of this year, you'll get 75%, which is a very good thing. We need water. Water is life. But then when you think about, you're giving water to the population in Nairobi, all of them are 75% covered, but sewerage, the sewers, they are maybe around 10%. When you take this water, 80% will be released as wastewater. Where will this wastewater go? We have the infrastructure to handle this type of water. So, what will be happening is this wastewater will just be released to the environment. Maybe in 10 years time, we'll be having Nairobi, which is like a wet land, because this is where we have all this work. And then the clean water, this 75%, the pipes are passing along this. So, you find even if it's clean water, it has already been contaminated. So, they are all those factors to consume them. This is a place that I'm working with. This is in Kibera, Sri Lanka, Nairobi. The slum, the sanitation chain. What do you call the sanitation service chain? You know, we normally think about the containment, emptying, transport, treatment, and dispose of our waste. But when we look at this, it's actually clean, complete. A, that's a toilet. That's a manual toilet. B, that's a hand cut. When we look at the sea, they are transporting for dispose. That is Nairobi River. D, they are pouring. And the E, this is now the river. On the farthest end, which I can point around here, these are women here who are washing sacks to put the vegetables to take to the market. When I go to the market, I really don't know who had, whose vegetables are contained in what type of bags. That's why I'm asking here, who is safe? There's nobody who is safe. These people here are not safe, and we may not assume they are the only ones who are not safe. In one way or the other, their actions there will deliberately come to the plate for the bottle of water that you're holding on to. This is, this is what happens within the sacks. Emptying of the waste there is Manupit Empties. So if you hear about Manupit Empties, these are not stories. This is what normally happened. This is actually their game. This is their game. Pete Emptying happens. This is a dead trap. You've seen how they're covering that manhole. There are very many children who do these things, stay from him. And this is their playing grounds. So you can imagine, like, I was asking what happens if a child comes and jumps. We say, do you know about this? Nobody will come around this place. That is, how they do the emptying, and now here they're washing. The emptying, you just wash them. Below this stream, somewhere there's some vegetable sweater being grown. But you can give up your mind and think about what the issues are. Think about how these people can be helped, because they play a very key role in helping at least remove, create a space in those pits. If they don't remove that waste, then there's a challenge. So there's a lot which needs to be thought about these potential people here. This one was in a study which was during my PhD, actually the first time I started. I was looking at how do they empty, how do they transport, and how do they dispose? In this area, how there is this manually emptied, like I've shown you. But disposal varies. There are those who put it in a river. There are those who have, that's a illegal manhole. There are those who use that illegal manhole. And there are those who just put it by the drain. There are others who have constructed very nice toilets. They're elevated, but by the drainage, you have a hole at the bottom. So when you use the toilet, you add water and it's set. Openification, but in a different way. Waste disposal, this is something that was done in May. This is in Korogotri slum in Nairobi. The picture I have here, this is what I was talking about, having some pipes at the bottom of your pit lotteries, so that the waste flows directly. That's how they dispose the waste water. You have no way to put this, so immediately you're done and put it. And basically, they're girls. They're girls. That's a flood. The first one, that's a flood. That's how any waste water generated from a flood will be handled directly into the drainage out there. Then for the electricity supply, there are a lot of cut-outs who are in this particular field. But the risk here, and how electricity, per-solid waste management and waste water management come into play. When I look at the first one, I have a pipe. The pipe that I have here, this is electricity. This is an electric pipe, which is passing over that. So you normally get about very many cases of electrocution in slum. If you make the mistake of stamping on that water and there's something wrong with that pipe, you just pipe. There are a lot of fires still in slums because of such issues. That's where you find women feel more secure if you leave your children out and then in a field. Because in a house there is a possibility of a fire outbreak or such a thing. This is how the electricity is distributed. But then there's also a challenge. The government in 2020 decided to help these people and installed tokens in the houses. What happened? Cut hair. Cut hair. 12 individuals will go and remove these token meters and hook. This is how they hook. There are those who are not living by that. So if you can't do this intervention of helping these people then I will not have my livelihood. So they will go, remove the meters and take back, which is a bit cheaper. So this is what normally happened with electricity. Romantic water supply. This is also a very big issue. But the key thing here is you will not find a man with a gelicate going to look for water. There are only women and girls. The main challenge with having girls is the anomaly expected because a girl will go, maybe the queue is a bit long, someone will excuse me by passing the line and why they didn't help me carry this water to my house. But at the end of the day, I will return a favor. This person will not go back before he gets into the house. This is how these girls are normally expected under the bad day. When you look at the pipes, this is the pipe here, this is the water pipe. These are water pipes. So when you talk to them, they tell you, our water smells like sewage. But yes, you can tell them yes. All those are rubber bands which are trying to fix leaking points. There is a lot of leaking. So instead of these people taking this clean water then, it's just smelling sewage. The one that I have here, this is a water kiosk. The government contracted somebody within Islam to supply water. This is the majority water and sewage company. So they wanted to give these people some clean drinking water. So they come and contract someone like me to start a kiosk. I buy water from them at a cheap price so that they can now be able to sell to the people at the normal price. But then because I need more money, they have boreholes which have been built in these areas. I really like this event. There is a borehole which is there. That is just sheep water from those boreholes. So because that one is clean, I will go and get that water. I come and sell to the people in this particular kiosk. So you find that there are challenges. There might be some little efforts to help, but there are still challenges because of the issue of the cathels that are there. Then the other thing that I found quite immediately is we even think about these people, the vulnerable population in this community. So we say, over all, we say they are all vulnerable, but they are also more vulnerable. A pig of this, the women, the children, they are more vulnerable. The first picture there, that's a girl. She is sitting in a modern model. Those legs are called dead. We can see how she is suffering there. She is very talkative, and she knows what she wants, but she is living in very poor conditions. They live with their mother. This other one here at the metro here, this man, actually that is the husband to the lady that I have here. The guy was no more into working. All of a sudden he started complaining, complaining, and then he got to be disabled. So they live with the lady, they have two babies, they live with the woman. The woman has the food kiosk outside the entrance of their place. But then the challenge is maintaining this person. So the lady, when I was talking to the lady, she was telling us, people are pushing me to take this man to the village, but not because when he was held he loved me. We really never got to correct at any time. So I have to take care of him, respect the situation. Now the challenge is look at his toilet. Whatever he is taking on, that is his toilet. So the lady must go help, lift him, place him on that can, and then she goes to the toilet to discard this. The biggest challenge even is of that technology, which is being used by these people. And there are options that this person can be able to use, but they don't have this information. When they are planning for sanitation, it's a good thing to think about those people who can really not be able to help themselves. They are very weak. This is another case of a pedophilia. This lady, actually this girl is called Elena. Elena is 10 years old. This girl, the mother is disabled. Also it was the same thing, like that guy. The lady just got disabled when she was a adult. So when she got this, she's married, she has Elena and another boy. By the time I was meeting her, the son was admitted in the hospital. When they were playing outside, there were two pigs. When the children were playing, one of them took the pig to the eye and then the eye was damaged. So the kid was in hospital. So she had been left in this car. But the thing is, she's married. But the husband thought that I would refuse to help her and raise any of her kids. And said, we are men. I can't help you do this. You are nothing for your daughter. I will write you the first case because it's a different case. So this girl who should be playing will ensure that the feces, the urine, the used parts for the mother have been disposed to the toilet. And then for this community here, the most of the cases they associate with witchcraft. And feeling if I use something, this person is using, I might be, I might also get affected. So the toilet they're supposed to be using is normally not. This family, I'm not able to say that. So this girl who should go south of the bucket should just throw on the drainage which is outside because the toilet has been locked. So it's like something the community believe in. These people can affect us. So we really don't know. And they want them to be in the village and not within where they are living. This is now the reason I was bringing up to the toilet. This is the, the toilet starts here. This is where we have this coat in front. You have to come and try to, so that is good. They do this so that we allow, this is the outlet for the feces. So that's how they, that's how they do things. So that when you use the toilet, then the waste is washed off. But then the challenges think about those girls we've seen who are disabled. Can they use this toilet? It is really a very big challenge for them. They, the children who are in that in, who are in these slums they are at a very high risk. They want to, there is one here we are speaking of. That's a toilet you cannot even look at. I was standing far to check. But the boy is just out of there and not even thinking that this can affect you. So when we look at this rather than mis-crossing such a bridge we can see all the risk which are associated with that. So when we look at all this there are quite a lot of implications which are there. Right now we are spending a lot of money on treating sanitation related illnesses. And not only this treatment of diseases, you're losing a lot of productive years in such. The poverty levels are just getting on and on. That's what I was talking about. The more the more the issues over poverty. When we consider a population of like 80 million and the managing the waste, the way I have shown you, we can now see how much per day goes out to the environment. But the thing is there are technologies which are there. Like my government now have seriously been focusing on conventional civil systems. Conventional it is smart, it is it's nice, it's dignity that comes with it. But when you look at figures that have been stated about getting such investment, they are so huge. We expected it to be at $55 per person but now we are only at $3. And we are hoping by 2030 we will have done anything. This is just a dream which may not come to reality. My first picture here this is a project which is currently being done. They are installing a simplified sewer in that slumbered ocean. And then you ask them do you think this is a solution for these people? No infrastructure to support this. And if you have to do this and you are not thinking how you even connect the people, where even the facilities to connect because the thing is I do for you and then you connect yourself you connect. Have they thought about operation and management? Well these people will be willing to to sustain this particular sewer. So this is a project which is ongoing we are still to see what will come out of it. But right now it's in progress. So that's why I am asking here which will now be going. We have seen the slums we have. Land tenure is an issue. That's no man's land. The owners of those lands are not human. So even investing in such a system in a place where you don't know the owner of this land is a big challenge. Because at the end of the day what do you think would happen if the real owner something showed up? Those are all supporters. There is no one who has taken it. You even never know who the real owner of a plot is in this project. They are completely out of land. No toilets except the ones they take that have shown you there. So there are those who are now trying to put up a system like that. And now the issue here it's mainly the business and during. That's what you are talking about. So you are asking which is the best approach. How can this conventional and this innovative integrates can they work? Are we doing the conventional or we are going to do the innovative? Can we lead them so that they can see how they will be able to work? Then up to what I have seen in Kenya through the many trips I have had in the field I have realized that there is no one fit solution which can save our country. We need an integration such that the conventional is working hand in hand with everything. And then also the innovative and one specific context specific one solution a solution for one place may not be for another place. So it's being like asking now how we get to how all this and when you are looking at that we have to ensure that the solutions are addressing the whole chain. We have the containment the emptying the transportation and the treatment can be disposed or reused that one is okay. And also again another thing I forgot to put about those solutions there it's like open space. Today I can go to the slum and install toilets. If you give me some 500 dollars today I can go and put a toilet in the slum. If it's open like that it leaves the slums to be like dusty bin. Because if you keep a toilet and you have not thought about how these people manage this thing it will be nobody's business it will be left. So when you walk there there are so many things which are just speeds. A lot of technologies which are not working. Most of which are now being cooked for 500 dollars. So if anything has to improve we have to have some very nice policy that regulates. If you need to get in here another solution how do you get into that. And also there is the aspect of inclusivity such that the weakest person can be able to get that that service. Actually that is where we should be getting into. That man, that lady, that girl has access to the service that you've gone to provide. This is what I did when I was after my studies here. I wanted to show that something innovative can be able to work. I wanted it to show the concept of containment, everything, treatment and reuse. That's what I was getting into. I normally go for the reuse because I know as like I said the population is growing the more food we need. The more food we need the more our cells are suffering. They are not talking about food security. Yet a big issue about depreding the cells of the nutrients and you're not returning to them what you get. So we just came up with a solution. This is an education complex. They were using pit latrines. The area flats. So when it rains, then the shit is washed off. When it is dry, the pits sink. So that's how they're operating. But it's a big challenge because of the diseases that happen within that particular locality. So we just came up with that UDBT. This is a trace system. No water requirements. It's a trace system that at least you are always sure the waste is removed on a daily basis. And I also wanted to ensure the aspect of resource recovery to show that it is possible. When I was bringing this, it was a big challenge because this is a big education complex. It's in a community where people associate feces with which crops. I cannot touch your feces. If I meet feces by my doorstep I'll have to strain it. That's the type of community that you really need. We got an entry point. We had this particular system but we really had to engage the parents so that we moved there. They had issues. We did not go to them. They then go up and they ask how can we help us address this particular issue. So we started them. We explained to them, I can't tell them if they're oily. And then they decided to give it a try. But we ensured that we've moved with them along the way. So we did this. We launched with the facility. The parents were there. We showed them how it was being used and we showed them how we were taking the feces. When we carry your feces from here, this is where we are taking it, nowhere else. And we assured them we are university. We are not really knowing your feces. So for our facility which is UDT it's so separating. You separate the feces and the urine. Every day somebody goes and brings these containers to the facility which are here. You just empty and replace with a clean one. They are brought to the treatment facility at the university. And then we use the black sewage flight to convert them to protein in some compost. Which is a complete system. So when we bring the parents to our room, they start treating and saying, you mean this waste can be used to do this particular thing? To run this, we employed women parents from that particular school. All women. They are the ones who operate. And now they are doing perfect. They are doing very well. So this is, actually this is now a trillet that we have. That's a trillet that we are using. We were, the business was fabricated by the students. This is our engineering workshops at the university. So the students fabricated and transported for installation. This is how the anomaly delivered to our place, to the treatment place at the university. And this is just the room that we are using. The one on that side that shows the building. This is inside. Very simple. Just the troughs. Nice troughs arranged. Just get the waste in here. Introduce your lobby. The process just moves on. Initially when we were doing this because it was also a very new thing to the university, the staff never wanted to get close because they knew that's the room for human waste. But I can say like today the lobby produces never enough because it's only the lobby for my chicken. Can you give me like a chicken? So depending on the entries possible to change how people view these products that we have produced, recovering from the waste. This is the process in the lab. That's actually just the traps that we have. The waste combustion, that's the lobby feeding. And then this is a this is how we do it. This is just the feeding of the lobby in the traps. This is where we rear the adults. Because we need eggs, we have two different rooms. These are the type of cages that we use to hold the adults. We normally have the community they normally come to see what we bring. There are some who have already started the PSF within the household to help them. We give them some training and then they are able to access some of the eggs for managing their waste. This is one of the products which are normally delayed. I have had quite a number of students to bring some research on this and master students. There will be quite a number of publications that we are expecting for this. So this one was done last year from the lobby. We involved people in animal production. We formulated feed for breeder. This is breeder. And then we were comparing chicken. How much do you need to substitute in the commercial feed? You are comparing with the commercial feed and then different substitutions of the soy in the commercial feed with the PSF label. We did a review of chicken reviews. During that particular period you were interested in seeing the performance comparing the trials that we had weight gain, the papa's characteristic and we also did where we had medical doctors so they wanted to see the cacus characteristics of the chicken so they took up such research we also wanted to have sensory evaluation. If you are given this and this and this can you differentiate which tastes better my meat or this other meat? So where we have that type of food science who help in managing this causes an expansion in the field. Similarly at the university this is just this one was not even trials but mainly around the center the lady who manages the center never buys tomatoes she always has five lengths of tomatoes that she carries home we have students who have done it on experimental basis and you still be having the results after the papers are read those are the parents in that particular school so you really want to tell them that that twist can really be something useful. So when they come there you tell them go and pick the chicken you want and you can see them struggling to get chicken so that they are able to carry home. We also have a fish pond which we just keep for fun because when you go and see the fish jumping up and about it's really an interesting thing and you know this is a product which has been recovered from waste so it gives you a lot of joy so the thing that I would ask is which I call food for thought how can we have this innovative solution being integrated into the urban sanitation landscape how can they work hand in hand because there is no one food solution but still we need solutions which are safe which are hygienic and which are sustainable how can we be able to ensure that one has been done so I acknowledge a project which is running which is supporting all that work that I've been presenting there which is called scaling up of grid sanitation so thank you very much yes that's why I am now doing my other work that's in my other side because I know those girls are very vulnerable they need to be given that confidence that they are able to face life with some work so thank you thank you very much for showing we have a few minutes for questions and answers so we have the first one please introduce yourself and the first yours my name is Michael where are you from? thank you thank you very much for the presentation and the work that you are doing Baku I am very satisfied that we are inspiring a lot of young girls and the one day they will also be here my question is I look at what I've been presenting the way of complicated problems all together and these problems have existed long before you even came here and now you are contributing your quota what I'm asking is looking at the rate of destruction or the mess and the rate at which we are solving these problems are they really working hand in hand or then let's say the mess is like 10 times higher than the rate at which we are solving the problem you get my question? yes I get your question so thank you very much I said yesterday this challenge is enormous it's huge when I was giving this it's like if there are students who can really be able to pick on concepts they need to study all this like in Kenya they are completely like this because of priority no it depends what's the government's priority it's our priority in sanitation it's our priority priority in water it's our priority in roads because showing you the case of 75% water coverage that's a very big achievement because the person is there has that priority and is able to push for that to happen so what we have in sanitation especially in our place sanitation has always been the offer no boom it was patry the ministry of health patry the ministry of water and sanitation and patry the ministry of environment and natural resources this challenge of efforts to the environment is by the national environmental management authority which is under the ministry of environment that's this kind of efforts sewer systems under the ministry of water and sanitation these other services are needed in the public ministry of health so you find when they are so much when there is all that there is no coordination who do you give money the ministry is giving sewers but the regulation is being done from another side so in our place it's an issue of what's the priority if you are able to show like you are doing here and pushing this and gathering like this to show the issue and then you get the right people in power it can take a break to change but then that becomes with how is that aligned how is it easy to get to those people who are in power so that they can also start thinking the issue of cattle that we are seeing here is very difficult with stopping those cattle if the government wanted look at the issue of the plastic bags they were an issue a challenge but when it became a priority it was two months and you can't use up a plastic bag so the issue is do we have the priority do we even have the capacity there is the priority and also the capacity because you might find that the people are not conversant with any other technologies because they were on conventional, conventional, conventional so it's like showing them that the other options we can also work with so like you said it's a bit complex but not as complex as we think if there is the will and the priority so let's say Kenya is really moving at a faster pace and it may bring countries because some of these challenges have come from different countries and the amount of performing do you think it has a ripple effect like the background that the progressive people have made then your neighboring countries are now also pushing hard and say does it have some way that it will go back and affect a lot of people and if it does what are the countries like so that the movement will be at home I think I can say when we talk about co-transnitation there's a whole difference water we talk about water is life if I lack water it's possible to die so water is not my issue I can ask you to give me water that's what I give you water if today I have my needs here I will start now squeezing I don't even anybody to know that I have an issue sanitation in my wrist is my fear that's how we've heard it sanitation is your issue what is not my issue it is our issue in Kenya even in these particular places if there is no water for some time they will rise we need water because they know they need water they are empowered to know that they need water but sanitation even if you left your toilet blocked in the house you don't need people to know that your toilet in the house is blocked it will be dirty it is dirty so not unless you get people who can talk shit when you meet people you are talking it you are calling it by name when I started this at the university if you even tell person this is free it's like ah are you mad? how dare you mention free it's not a bad thing but we've been cultured to believe they are our issues in the countries that you are nibbling there I only hope that one country can step forward and move because the wave will flow in the other countries if you are able to cost change in the country even in the country like I'm talking about here I have a I mean 10 year about 7 counties are needed if today I cannot the county everything nice the other counties will come to benchmark they don't want to change so you start somewhere for people to see it is possible because people don't know that these things are possible if people see these things are possible then they can be able to move every society doing that this one is a chart not only in East Africa this is a global challenge but this is the king and kings if you want to your country and you explore this is exactly what you want to find out thank you very much my name is Irene from Kenya I'm here to talk about this and picture you on informal settlements I'm doing something similar from research but in the water section so it's good that you mentioned about the convention of ways and the innovative ways I find that in the informal settlements there are so many innovations that have been put in place and from time to a long time I think that these innovations of these interventions are not working because the convention of methods are also not suitable for these areas because they are situated in a specific solution not like the other areas so what do you think is the problem why are they not working these kind of innovations thank you very much for that like I said there is no one big solution the convention has run and I'm with the innovative there is a sewer system that is showing which is being run I'm waiting to see if it will work because most probably it needs a lot of infrastructure to support that trunk that has been put forth when you go to the slums like what you have you find there are very many solutions the government there are so many things which have been put forth but what you have to understand is this is money you get a grant you want to go and put money in pieces in Kibera you have given money you go and put a toilet block and you go away who did you leave that to manage who did you leave it for benefits of what you have gone and given who have you left that stuff for so you find it's like free market you can go with everything and dump it's like some place to dump how I wish that it can be there can be a department in your ministry to control the entry of all these things to this one excited that if I go with my solution to them say this is what I want to do maybe I am with the county government for one they will take it after I leave so that they will ensure that it is sustainable or you have an arrangement such that the county will ensure that to push you to do what you say to them other than let it be in free you can do it and go away that's why you find there are so many things which are there but instead of helping they are creating new problems the problems which are mainly here created the landlords who are here you do you do your house your rooms you have 20 rooms and you don't provide any toilet should you be allowed to do like that what if there was a law that said if you have to do this if you have to be a landlord you must provide a vicinity so if you had if our institution of frameworks was strong they would be able to bleach some of the cuts that are there some of them are just they are just created I feel it's good if this you don't talk about this solution other than offering it for two weeks and then you would we have two questions here please I think so much how many terms are from Kenya and you know that the Kenyans upon being there we all knew that we are the county government and they are working in collaboration to see changes in respect to sanitation and without your protection I would like to say that if you are saying that sanitation and water are not somehow in relation you can't talk about sanitation so I think we are planning for a county and with the new government the government has a whole plan for them cleaning up rivers the solution of water water things so do you know that we have a clear estimation of government contribution or government to carry out this relation it's a county thank you very much for that it's very true you can't talk water without sanitation if you talk water if you focus on water you leave sanitation we are failed there is water which is there but if you contaminate it then you are not provided any solution so if I have to push the water coverage to 65 sanitation must also be about there so that we have systems infrastructure that can be able to take out the waste and the 2012 so like I was giving a figure year off 65% for water in Nairobi I was informed that by the end of 2020 the project which I am going will push that to 75% but currently in Nairobi we have 65% sanitation is at 27% if the project which are there are complete it will be at 35% but that is in books year yet to see when because they said it can be doing availability of funding that's what we said and again when you look at utilities that you have in Kenya like I mean main water and sanitation company if you ask them what do they really mainly do most of the counties have no treatment they have the supply water clean water but then they don't have these other aspects so if you are to ask about how the waste from these counties are managed it's a water and sanitation company you must ensure you provided water to your citizens and also you provided sanitation to your citizens so the main thing our main issue is we are so much leaning on one side and it can only be on the other side but when you lean more on one side this other side will come and spoil your day it will contaminate the efforts will not succeed a question there? no I think it's questions okay so we need to we don't have much time for another question so I would like to thank you very much for this presentation that I hope that we will have the recording version so extra persons can see it and thank you all of you for attending this nice session thank you very much Roy