 Transportation is the backbone of our communities. We rely on it every day to get us to work, to get us to shopping and recreation, and to bring us goods and services. But who makes the decisions about our transportation system and how are those decisions made? This video is an introduction to metropolitan transportation planning and the role of metropolitan planning organizations. Over the last 100 years or more, America's population and lines of commerce have expanded well beyond the boundaries of individual cities and towns. Today, networks of highways, transit services, freight carriers and airports serve metropolitan areas that may include many cities, suburbs, towns and counties. In today's urban areas, many transportation decisions are best handled at the regional level. The regional approach gives decision makers a comprehensive understanding of transportation problems and the ability to develop comprehensive solutions. Over the years, Congress has promoted a regional approach to urban transportation planning and decision making. One of the most important advances came in the 1970s with legislation that required the creation of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, or MPOs, in areas with a population of 50,000 or more. Now, there are over 300 MPOs across the country. An MPO may be a freestanding planning organization or an association of local governments. But every MPO is governed by a policy board of local elected officials. The board may also include representatives from state transportation departments, mass transit operators and others. The MPO is not alone in the decision making process, but it's the engine that drives collaboration and cooperation among many participants. Local elected officials bring a unique perspective to the planning and decision making process. They often face a challenging balancing act, making decisions that have the greatest regional benefit while at the same time reflecting the concerns of the communities they represent. MPOs and their partners produce three key documents. The Unified Planning Work Program, the Transportation Plan and the Transportation Improvement Program. The Unified Planning Work Program, or UPWP, describes the planning studies that are being performed for the metropolitan area. The Transportation Plan identifies the region's transportation policies, strategies and projects for the next 20 years or more. The Transportation Improvement Program, or TIP, is a short-range program of projects covering at least three years that directs available funds to those improvements that are the highest priority. The MPO Policy Board and its partners direct the development and contents of the plan, the TIP and the UPWP. Both the plan and the TIP must be physically constrained, in other words, consistent with available and expected funds. In areas with air quality problems, the plan and the TIP must also help the region meet federal standards. Let's now look at how the plan and the TIP are prepared. In addition, the local planning participants start with a regional vision or a set of goals. This vision expresses what the region would like to become, perhaps 40 or 50 years in the future. Well, important elements of long-range plan are obviously in a strong statement of goals and values. What is it that we're after in the transportation system in the future? In developing a vision or goals, the MPO may consider many questions. What are the trends in regional growth and are they desirable? How well is the transportation system performing? Do existing plans deal with current and expected problems? Can the transportation system support the kinds of future development that the region desires? When the vision and goals are in place, the MPO and its partners are better able to identify transportation problems and needs. These can include declining mobility, increasing congestion, poor access to jobs and neighborhoods, unhealthy air, or inconsistency with proposed economic development. An understanding of these problems allows the MPO and its partners to identify alternatives to improve transportation. Alternatives may include new policies, operational strategies, or capital projects. Some may help the existing system work better. Others may expand or build new transit lines, highways, and other facilities. Another round of questions is asked in assessing the impact of alternatives. How well does each alternative address the region's transportation problems? What are the likely impacts on neighborhoods and the environment? How much do the alternatives cost? Are the funds there? And is this the best use of available resources? The answers to these questions help the board choose the best alternatives. By adopting the transportation plan, the board establishes the policies, strategies, and projects that the region will pursue. To develop the tip, priority projects are drawn from the adopted transportation plan and matched with available funding. Once adopted by the MPO, the tip is submitted to the state and becomes part of the statewide transportation improvement program. But the process doesn't end here. Projects and strategies in the plan and tip undergo further development, often including engineering and environmental studies. Also, many MPOs monitor the implementation of the plan and tip, study how well the plan is working, and make periodic adjustments. Federal rules require that the plan be updated and readopted every three to five years, and the tip every two years. Long-range planning, it is an ongoing process. It's not etched in stone, and many people don't realize that, and new board members don't realize that either, that it's not a plan that's etched in stone, that it's constantly in an updating process. Agency and public involvement is a key activity in every step of the planning process. The public refers to a variety of individuals, agencies and organizations, each with different interests and levels of involvement. Many different approaches are used to inform and engage other agencies and the public. Our public participation is not just at the MPO level, and that's one of the things we try to emphasize at the municipal level. It is not just the MPO calling a meeting, no. It is the MPO participating in other meetings and forums that may have been called by other, whether city or state agencies. Transportation planning continues to evolve. New issues are emerging that demand innovation and creativity from MPOs. Many MPOs today are working with other local and state agencies and the private sector to provide multimodal systems that give people more choices. Transit, carpooling, bicycling, walking, better connections between highways, transit, airports, freight and other modes of transportation can make the entire system work more efficiently. We can't solve our transportation problem in key corridors just by widening the roads anymore. We have to provide some additional modal opportunities for the traveling public and by focusing on rapid transit in conjunction with roadway improvements, we think we can add significant capacity for the traveling public. Coordinating transportation and land use can be challenging. While transportation decisions are made at the state and regional levels, most land use decisions are made by local governments and private developers. The MPO may be the only place where officials from different jurisdictions can coordinate land use and transportation planning for the region as a whole. Many MPOs are partnering with state transportation departments, transit operators and other agencies to preserve existing transportation assets and to squeeze more capacity out of their existing systems. Probably for 40 years we chased congestion and congestion was our number one goal, addressing congestion was our number one goal. But now we're recognizing that preserving the existing system, our bridges and our highways and our transit systems and the safety of that system are in fact more important goals and we recognize them and that's part of our vision to create a system that's not only safe but is well maintained and preserved particularly in the core of our region. Planners are also making greater efforts to respond to the needs of all the users of transportation systems, people of every age, ethnic group and income level because mobility is a link to opportunity and equality. For elected officials and citizens alike, metropolitan transportation planning is a tremendous opportunity to build better communities. I think I went into it not realizing that I was in a much wider, bigger area that had dramatic impacts until I got into the process and began to experience what other towns were going through and seeing and learning from their mistakes and learning their ideas and I think that's one of the rich rewards of the MPO process. It's an exciting position to be in. You do have input, you're representing your communities and I think anybody that wants to get involved in this should. It is basically a collaborative approach among the jurisdictions within a metropolitan region. There are some federal rules and laws that guide how we have to go through the process but the real success of MPOs is based on the ability of the leaders of the jurisdictions to be able to collaborate to achieve a common goal.