 Income tax 2021-2022. Government authority to tax. Get ready to get refunds to the max. Dive into income tax 2021-2022. If you work in the field of taxation you will almost certainly be asked by a client at some point in time or you might ask yourself where does the government get the authority to tax. A natural question in the United States, a place where we're historically quite skeptical of taxation. Try to avoid the taxes for as long as possible and you might hear arguments saying that the tax itself is against basically natural law theory. So you might want to have handy in that event. Basically it's going to be the 16th amendment to the Constitution. That's just a response if you need to respond to that if you're in like the tax field because obviously the tax has been well established at this point in time. That ship has already sailed at this point in time. The argument is really over the extent of taxation and basically how the tax is going to be imposed and applied and spent and so on and so forth. So the 16th amendment to the Constitution passed in 1913. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income from whatever source derived without apportionment among the several states and without regard to any senses or enumeration. So obviously in the United States there is a lot of skepticism. We've all heard the saying that there's no taxation without representation as kind of one of the causes of the revolution in the first place. Obviously the second part of that is going to be important without representation. But even still there was a lot of skepticism especially on the federal level to have the federal taxes. And when did the federal taxes really come into play? To pay off basically defense. That's where the federal taxes, the main thought or the originating thought of what the federal government was supposed to do was to have the national defense and that's when the taxes would grow up. So anytime there's an emergency that's why whenever you hear people that like to grow the federal government they say there's an emergency because people recognize that yes if there's an emergency then the federal government should be taking action. Usually that emergency being some kind of threat from a foreign invader and that's why you need that combined military because the separate militaries of the states weren't really sufficient to mount a national defense in the need of the national defense. So on the national level in order to comply with the ideals of the Constitution which is basically grounded in the natural law theory, life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness or property as it was in like kind of natural law. Those were the components of it. Then the federal government is in alignment with that because they're going to be protecting our security on the federal side with the national defense and that's what the money should mainly be going towards so they can basically do that. That was the original thought. On the state and local level you have kind of a similar idea that you pay taxes on the state and local level to support your natural law rights and in that case obviously defense in that format would be the police so that people can protect you know people's well-being and their property to pursue happiness.