 All right, more factors, rules, all right. Good thing to always use is rules. All right, again, we've talked about this. This is verbal stuff. If you say, here's what's going to get you reinforced, or I'm sorry, here's what's no longer acceptable and will not get you any attention, but here's what will get you attention. That's a good way to do it, right? So the extinction is set up. It's very clear as to what you expect as the behavior modifier. It's clear to the person that's involved in your change program. Extinction produces aggression. It also produces frustration. Frustration is related to aggression. So sometimes it's gonna fit in, and people are gonna get pissed. Think of it this way. You've been doing something for X number of years. You've always been getting away with it. You're getting a reinforcer for it. And all of a sudden, you're no longer getting a reinforcer for it? You're no longer getting something out of it? Yeah, you probably be pretty pissed too, right? Or at least at the very least, frustrated. In fact, frustration, when you start to analyze it, what it really is, is failure to access a reinforcer. So frustration is really a very natural byproduct of extinction because with extinction, you're withholding access to a reinforcer which will automatically produce frustration. Because in the past, you've been reinforced for it. So behavior acts no longer gonna work because now it's on extinction, but you were always reinforced in the past. You're gonna get frustrated, and you're gonna try harder. Think about the pop machine, right? So you're at the pop machine, you press the button, and it doesn't give you your Coke or whatever. So you press the button again, but you also get a little frustrated. Like hopefully, when you're like a damn machine, you just took my dollar, right? And then if you keep pressing the button and it doesn't work, you're gonna start to get really frustrated, right? And you'll keep expressing about how the machine hates your money. You might even make a little sign and stick it on there. Some people get aggressive and kick the machine, right? Or shake it or do something like that. But those are all normal things that happen as a result of extinction. This even happens in the animal world, by the way. It's not just a uniquely human thing. All right, let's look in more detail at this extinction burst because that's gonna be useful things. We're gonna look at our baseline here. There's our extinction phase. So there's the burst right there, bingo. If you're using extinction, if you're a behavior modifier and you're using extinction, guess what? You see the behavior get worse? You're on the right track, don't give up. Too many people try to use extinction. They see it getting worse. And then what do they do? They give up, right? Because the behavior got worse. So they conclude, incorrectly, by the way, they conclude extinction didn't work. It's a useless process. It doesn't work. It sucks, blah, blah, blah. Well, no, the extinction procedure was working because the behavior got worse before it got better. Here's the danger. If you give up, so think of the kid in the store. All right, so the kid in the store, right over here, during a baseline, you throw in a temper tantrum, right? So you got this nasty little tantrum going on. But the idea is, again, we got a kid in the store. They're throwing a tantrum. So they got a pretty serious tantrum going on. Parents have had enough, so they decide, I'm gonna try and put this on extinction. So by extinguishing it, they're not gonna give the kid the M&Ms, right? So that's a tasty M&M. So the kid's gonna scream away, I want M&Ms, I want M&Ms, and they're not gonna give it, all right? So they made an agreement to stick with it and be serious about it. They heard about extinction, so they're gonna give this a shot. And what do they know the tantrum gets worse? A behavior analyst is gonna say, good, it means you're on the right track. Keep it up. But somebody that's not completely familiar with extinction is gonna think that they just ruined the behavior. So what they do, they give in because they want that behavior to go away, right? So there's your giving in, right there. The moment you give in, now, you can get an idea of what's gonna go on here, right? So your baseline was at one level. Now you just reinforce behavior at a higher level. Guess where your new baseline's gonna be? That's that extended line there. And then now you as the parent realize, oh my gosh, this is just getting worse. I want to extinguish it again. Well, guess what? It's gonna get even worse yet. So the red line that intersects the y-axis there is basically showing you how high that behavior went from baseline. So it was already a problem at baseline. And then you started extinction, you didn't wait, you didn't let it continue, right? And bingo, you made the behavior worse. Ultimately, what's going on here is this is the power of intermittent reinforcement, right? So you put the behavior on the behaviors of baseline, the kid throwing tantrums, and then you put it on extinction, no reinforcers, right? So now it's gonna get a little bit worse, but then you screwed up and you reinforced after that. So now you went from maybe a situation where the kid was only getting reinforced every once in a while for the, or getting reinforced for the tantrums quite regularly. That was the baseline stage and you started extinction and you, which basically, which by definition then means you're now on an intermittent situation. You've got no reinforcers coming for that behavior. But then at that red point, you actually reinforced it. So now you set up from a continuous, possibly during baseline, to an intermittent schedule of reinforcement. Intermittent schedules are much harder to extinguish than continuous schedules and they hold more behavior, so to speak. So by screwing up a little bit right there during that first extinction phase, then not letting it continue, you screwed up a couple of things. Number one, you reinforced the behavior at a higher rate. And then you also put the behavior on an intermittent schedule which makes it more resistant to extinction in the future, making your problem that much harder to deal with. So if again, you'll see that extinction versus second time and it takes even longer for it to carry out. So that's the problem with doing this stuff. So it's the extinction works. There's no question about it. Once you have control of the appropriate reinforcer, you'll know because the behavior is getting worse. That's a good thing. Because it's about ready to get better. So the fact that it's getting worse signals to you that you found the correct reinforcer, stick with it. Don't give in because the other, you're gonna end up causing this sort of crap. And why might it be that people give in? Think about that for a second. You're the parent in the store, right? Kids throwing a tantrum, screaming and then all of a sudden they start screaming worse, like screaming bloody murder and I'm not gonna show you, and I'm not gonna demonstrate that for you, but you get the idea. They're going absolutely insane. What are you gonna do? You're gonna be embarrassed, right? Everybody's gonna be looking at you, people are gonna be maybe freaking out, thinking you're beating your child or something. But you're the parent, you know what's going on. Don't worry as much about those other people if you can. The problem is, they've got control over your behavior too. So actually implementing an extinction procedure in that type of setting can be very difficult. But people do it, regularly people do it. So the next time you're in the store and you see a parent, and you've got their kid on extinction and the behavior that the kids just screaming away, go up and give the parent a reinforcer because trust me, they need it, right? Because the kid's screaming is definitely not reinforcing their behavior of using extinction, trying to get the kid to stop screaming. So drop up, give them a reinforcer, say, hey, I know what you're doing, keep it up, something like that. Who knows? It might work, it might not.