 So, I'm very good morning to all. Saya ambil kesempatan ini untuk mencegalkan. Terima kasih kepada Mr. Chua Kiman. Walaupun dalam keadaan kesibukan beliau, okay dalam menyambung pelajaran Tufada, his PhD, tapi beliau masih berkesempatan untuk agree and say yes to me bila saya menyebabkan dia untuk menjadi kerja kerja kita. Baiklah, mari kita mulakan. Saya harap kita dapat melihat skrin saya sekarang. Yang penting untuk kerja ini, hanya untuk biar anda tahu, sebelum anda mula berfikir tentang apa yang anda akan belajar hari ini, perjalanan saya dalam pilihan akadamik, saya tidak tahu seberapa tahun lepas itu saya mulakan belajar akadamik keadaan akadamik pada tahun 2010. Jadi, 10 tahun. Tapi keadaan ironika adalah bahawa sekarang saya juga PhD kandidaan, jadi apabila saya menulis pilihan pilihan saya sendiri, pilihan pilihan atau bahkan pilihan ini, saya terpaksa menjadi terlalu yakin atau bagaimana saya menulis dan bagaimana saya membuat pilihan saya dan sebagainya. Jadi, kadang-kadang, tahu terlalu banyak, ia juga terlalu susah kerana anda terpaksa melihat atau mengenali sesuatu yang tersetujuhkan prosesnya. Pilihan yang sepatutnya harus diletakkan sejauh masa, anda akan berakhir lebih banyak masa daripada seluruh. Tapi saya akan berkongsi dengan anda apa yang saya telah menyebabkan dan apa yang saya panggil sebagai penyelamatan. Anda mungkin dengar bahawa terserahkan mekanik, terserahkan komponan di akadamik tetapi saya menghidupinya dengan apa yang saya nampak sebagai penyelamatan kerana ia menyebabkan semuanya yang saya nampak selama 10 tahun lalu. Saya rasa saya telah menerima dan menerima sekitar 100 tesis, bukan hanya PhD tetapi juga masjid. Saya tidak terpaksa mengenali PhD, tapi saya telah menerima banyak PhD tesis dan kadang-kadang, apabila saya mengenali dan juga menerima semua tesis ini, saya terserahkan banyak Jadi saya berkongsi apa yang saya tahu, apa-apa pun yang berguna untuk anda tolong menerima jika ia tidak berguna, menerima jika. Atau mungkin cuba mengenali terserahkan komponan. Kemudian saya akan berkongsi sesuatu yang berguna. Ya, saya tahu, saya akan mencuba. Ini adalah kebaikan di pejabat. Kadang-kadang orang berkongsi bahasa Inggeris atau Melayu. Saya akan mencuba yang terbaik untuk melakukan bahasa Inggeris. Tapi saya rasa selesaan saya juga sangat mudah menikmati. Kalau ada yang anda tidak faham, anda boleh beritahu saya. Saya akan lebih daripada membantu. Sebab saya rasa dalam pelajaran yang digunakan, anda perlu berkongsi dengan bahasa Inggeris. Kadang-kadang saya tidak suka mentaliti atau saya menerima tesis saya di Melayu. Jadi saya hanya mahu menerima semuanya di Melayu. Anda juga patut mencuba bahasa Inggeris dan sebagainya. Dan perkara yang sama dengan para orang yang menerima tesis di Inggeris. Kerana menerima bahasa Inggeris akan menerima bahasa Inggeris dengan cara anda menerima bahasa Inggeris dan juga bahasa Inggeris atau Melayu. Jadi perkara yang penting juga akan dikongsi. Jadi kalau ada perkara yang anda tidak faham, saya akan lebih daripada membantu. Seperti yang saya katakan, semuanya telah dikongsi. Anda akan dapat melakukannya dan beritahu saya lagi daripada masa untuk masa. Jadi kita lihat apa yang anda periksa. Mari kita pergi untuk satu-satunya. Untuk menerima bahasa Inggeris, hanya untuk menerima bahasa Inggeris. Lihat perkara ini. Lihat perkara ini, komik. Jika anda lihat perkara ini, anda akan diterima bahasa Inggeris tapi sekarang saya menikmati bahasa Inggeris. Saya merasakan bahasa Inggeris adalah untuk menerima bahasa Inggeris. Untuk menerima bahasa Inggeris, bahasa Inggeris, dan bahasa Inggeris. Jadi, apa yang anda fikir? Ya, saya tahu kita mempunyai banyak pelajar di kampus. Dan beberapa pelajar mungkin akan menerima bahasa Inggeris. Jadi saya akan menggunakan bahasa Inggeris. Jangan risau. Saya faham. Kerana apabila saya melepaskan akademik, apa yang saya fikirkan dalam minima, ia selalu seperti itu. Apabila saya melepaskan bahasa Inggeris, saya akan melepaskan kemalai. Apabila saya melepaskan bahasa Inggeris, saya akan melepaskan bahasa Inggeris. Tapi lihat perkara ini. Anda akan memikirkan apakah ia benar atau tidak. Tapi saya percaya ia benar dalam perasaan bahasa akademik ia hanya mengenai keselamatan untuk mempercayai idea yang panjang. Anda mungkin fikir idea anda panjang tetapi semasa anda mendukung mereka dengan cadangan, ia menjadi terlalu kuat. Dan ia menjadi terlalu solid. Kemudian, tiba-tiba tiba-tiba tiba-tiba tiba-tiba tiba-tiba tiba-tiba tiba-tiba dan kemudian, apa yang terjadi dalam keadaan terakhir ia harus dipercayai. Apabila anda menulis jika anda menulis sesuatu, orang tak faham, semuanya mati. Maksudnya, jika anda menulis sesuatu dan orang tak faham anda, anda gagal. Kerana menulis sesuatu untuk mempercayai idea anda dan tiada komunikasi yang berlaku jika orang tak faham anda. Itu perkara yang paling penting. Jadi, apa yang terjadi berlaku selama 10 tahun lalu dan kemudian, beberapa pelajar saya akan mendengar model aspire ini. Saya akan mempercayai banyak kali kerana untuk saya, ia menggabungkan segala-galanya akademik yang sepatutnya. Saya menulisnya sebagai model aspire kerana ia lebih mudah untuk diikuti. Jika anda menulis model aspire, anda akan menemukan nama saya di Google dan saya telah berkongsi banyak-banyak kali di tempat yang berlaku dan saya telah menghubungi dari masa ke masa untuk mengenai model aspire. Saya akan mempercayai model aspire ini dengan model 1x1. Jadi, saya dapat menggabungkan model aspire ini. Tetapi, semasa saya menjelaskan ini, saya akan berkongsi dengan anda beberapa pelajar yang saya menjelaskan atau menggunakan. Mungkin anda juga boleh mencuba menggunakan ini. Pertama, saya akan menolong akademik yang sepatutnya. Saya minta maaf. Sekarang, apabila kita menulis akademik yang berlaku, kita perlu menjelaskan akademik yang berlaku. Suara kita kena bunyi dia macam ilmiah sikit. Kena akademik sikit. Tak bolehlah kita nak tulis akademik penulisan ilmiah tapi bunyi dia macam tengah mendekal masih sahjak ke, tengah bercerita apa yang berlaku banyak kali di antara akademik kita terpaksa fokus terlalu banyak pada voice narratif. Saya tak kata yang salah, voice narratif berguna apabila anda melakukan sesuatu analysis narratif atau berhubung seperti berhubung, mungkin anda akan melakukan banyak berhubung dan banyak analysis narratif. Itu akan menjadi okey. Tapi apabila anda melakukan analysis narratif atau apabila anda melakukan berhubung, apabila anda menulis akademik, anda perlu memastikan anda mempunyai voice itu. Yang pertama voice akademik adalah nomor 1, adalah untuk mengelakkan kebebasan. Ini berlaku banyak daripada penulisan Malaysia, saya perasan sebab terhadap analisis saya, analisi sebuah sebuah sebuah hundur dari penulisan saya dan pelajar pelajar banyak penulisan terpaksa melakukannya. Maksudnya, apabila anda menulis akademik, anda menulis akademik yang lebih besar atau google translate dan mereka menulis akademik yang lebih besar. Maksudnya, setidaknya akademik anda sedang berpura-pura menjadi akademik. Itu maksud saya. Maksudnya, anda menggunakan wang bombastik, anda menggunakan wang besar, dan anda menulis akademik yang lebih besar untuk menulis akademik. Sebenarnya, ia mengenai mengenai bahawa orang memahami yang anda mencari. Tak ada pilihan untuk anda menggunakan wang besar dan orang tak mengerti anda. Anda menulis akademik itu. Saya pasti anda telah mengenai bahawa saya telah menulis akademik yang lebih besar semasa anda menulis akademik yang lebih besar tapi anda tidak mengerti sebab wang besar yang mereka menggunakan. Saya bermaksud beberapa orang akan mengatakan wang besar yang sangat subjektif dan wang besar yang sangat besar sebab adalah wang besar peringkat k英ik atau seperti yang saya katakan wang besar, untuk orang lain ini untuk wang besar. Tapi apabila anda memaksa yaitu dengan cara yang lebih jelas lalu tidak menggunakan wang besar atau tidak menggunakan yang melengkapi bahawa sesi anda anda masih dapat menggunakan wang teknikal saya pasti wang teknikal adalah wang yang anda income in your field. Macam if you're doing in counseling, mesti ada perkataan-perkataan tertentu yang akan pulang-ulang. So make sure you use those terms. Because those are technical terms. If you're in learning sciences, same thing, you should be using words which are in the field. Let's say if you're talking about cognitive load, you can't translate that to something else because that is the term we use in learning sciences, cognitive load. You don't suddenly change it to something else like brain burden or something else because that is the term. But other things that you can express it in a different manner, try to improve the clarity first before you be bothered about all these bombastic words. I like this classic example. I'm sure you can read this. Can you try and read this text? I'm showing you now on the screen. I'll give you some time to read this. This is a classic example of what we meant by pretentiousness in academic writing. Trying to impress people with all the words but actually the idea may not be that clear. Anyone knows what this is? You can just shout out loud using your microphone if you want or just put it in the chat. I'm sure you have seen this somewhere. Any idea? Ada tak yang faham apa yang tengah baca ini? Anda sedang baca ini. This is how it feels when you encounter some how to put it. Articles, right? Every time I ask my students, they will say, ah, I don't read general articles because it looks like this. Because too many big words sometimes. I just understand the second individual. You tak faham. Okay. Now, the first rule of reading. The first rule of reading. If you... This is my tip for you. Because I'm sure you have encountered a lot of occasions where you found an article but you don't know what it means, right? Mesti ada situasi di mana bila anda baca, anda tak faham. The first rule of reading is when you encounter something which is not really meaningful to you, meaning you tak faham, is to dissect it sentence by sentence or word by word dulu. If you have attempted this for quite some time, let's say you you have... You try to sunset too many sentences and then along the way you realise that you're doing this too much or that too many words you don't know then you might want to skip this article and go for another article because there's no point for you to continue doing this because you don't understand, right? And then the chances the chances of you copying is that because bila you tak faham you are the tendency untuk nak copy because you tak faham. That's the problem, alright? So it causes the issue of plagiarism when you don't understand what you're actually copying. So let's say let's say we do this. Let's say we do this. If I were to tell you a few of these keywords, I'm sure you will know what it meant. As widely reported, two individuals ascended the apex of a geologic protrusion. Two individuals mean two two people. Ascended means climb up the apex of a geologic protrusion. Apec means the top. Geologic protrusion could be a mountain, could be a hill, alright? To accumulate two to gather, to compile a sample of oxygen hydrate water, right? In a metallic vessel, in a pail, right? Can you guess what it is now? Two people went up the top of the mountain to compile water in a pail. Sounds familiar? How many of you have heard of this? Two individual went up the hill to compile. Yes, it's Jack and Jill. Now you know what it is, right? One individual impossibly descended. One of them, you know, fell down sustaining grave damage on the upper cranial portion. Upper cranial portion is actually your crown means your front part of your head of its anatomical structure, right, this part, the crown. Then the second issue, the second one, perform cell rotation, can tumbling oriented in the same direction means the same the same direction. So you see a very simple thing called Jack and Jill in your rhyme. Kalau you inflate they become like this. It sounds so technical, sounds so complicated but it actually means a very simple thing, which is Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pillow water. Jack fell down and broke his crown. The upper portion of the upper cranial portion of its anatomical structure perform cell rotation. All right, and James came to the other. It's the same because when you say came, came the other means it's the same. Imagine a simplified thing like this. If you say it out loud, people will have understood you but you turn it into so technical. That is what we meant by pretentiousness. In academic voice, the first rule is don't pretend to be clever. Don't pretend to be academically sound when you are not. All right. So how do you improve academic voice? I'm not asking you to turn everything into like Jack and Jill. What I'm trying to tell you is you have to make sure that even if even if you read back your articles, right, you will be able to understand what you're trying to say. Okay. This is how it looks like, right. I mean if you look back at the sentence that there's now, this is how it looks like in a lot of technical writing. There is a strong movement now. If you go to plainenglish.com, a strong movement which is I'm also part of that movement in this particular association. We are championing plain English in academic writing. So we try to simplify academic writing to clear cut English rather than using all these bombastic words when the whole point of in any academic or scientific research, the whole point is to let people understand what you're doing. Not inflating your ideas, making it sound so complicated and sound so sophisticated when actually you're just trying to say something simple. Right. But anyhow, you still have to use some academic convention which I will tell you now. Are there a few things that you have to pay attention to in some of the academic voice? Number one is what we call as avoid flowery languages. Sorry. I be clear and straight forward. I'm not asking you to be so direct that you make it so how to put it so direct that you make it so sounds like a necessary rhyme. No. Be clear. It means when you want to say it when you read out the sentence it feels like the meaning is conveyed. Right. The easiest way to do this is always to share your writing out and then let people command. One way to improve writing is actually share it out. You know, share it out or let people read and then people will tell you if they understand or not. Or else people will not be able to or you will never get the feedback on your writing. Flowery languages is very typical among Malaysian writers. A study done by Cambridge University Cambridge Academic Press shows that every time they get manuscript from Malaysia it's easily detected. Means if they if they get any manuscript when they took out all the names or when they when they do blind review the moment they read you know certain parts of it they will know this is from Malaysia. Even before they know the identity of the author because of this part. We love flowery languages we love to go on and on on certain things and then we forgot to put the full stop or the comma you know keep one comma comma comma right. So avoid long or run on sentences when a sentence has more than 25 words you need to rewrite or you know oh yeah I think it should be rewrite not write. It means here I'm not asking you to cut everything into very short sentences but if you know that that sentence can be split especially when it's above 25 or 30 words then you try your best to rewrite or else try to think of a different way of expressing that sentence or that expressing that statement. The rule is 25 to 30 actually not to say the rule the principle when you're checking your work if you read a sentence and it contains more than 25 or 30 words then you have to be careful because it tends to create confusion especially when you have all this relative pronoun like which that who you know people tend to be confused because you put too many comments right and then reduce the usage of the multi-words to to give sorry not to give or so many area to give factual or evidence based statement this is this is not really critical but it will be good if you can avoid this a multi-word is like data i'll show you some sample but words like exaggerated words like desperate very dangerous you know and all this because when you make all this claim all this exaggerated claims especially when it's motion you have to find evidence to support you kena cari something to support tak boleh kata benda itu sangat sangat sempurna semangat sangat kalau kita baca essay essay Bahasa Melayu or BM we tend to see banyak kan sangat sangat sangat sangat berguna sangat bermafakat sangat sangat sangat how do you know it's sangat berlupaan how do you know it's sangat berguna sangat bahaya and all this when you put all this exaggerated emotional emotional words or adjective you have to support it with a citation or evidences to say that it's really that bad right it's not enough by just putting the word then avoid that if possible so academic voice also tend to avoid this because if you have too many multi-words it tend to be very personal right okay next one gonna edit that later formal and objective language formal language i think you know this avoid spoken words personal pronouns but personal pronouns it's a great area now i think a lot of articles that you have read so far will have words like we right but very rarely you see i it depends on the genre as well if you are writing reflective essay reflection then personal pronoun is allowed just that how to put it reflection it's not really academic convention because reflection is kind of like a very descriptive writing you know it's a descriptive writing that we tend to be very personal of it but you can still input some boleh letak a bit of evidences or support from academic sources it's fine but what i'm trying to tell you here is avoid all these spoken words i mean words that we normally use there is there is a saying that says write like you talk or write as if you are talking i think this is the movement now you know the same thing like the plain english movement where we are trying to do this actually trying to trying to turn academic writing into something which is very spoken or like a speech kind of thing but we somehow realize that if you do that then you'll be inserting a lot of slang you know all these words which are not formal into your writing so you still hold onto formal language formal language words that you think it's not really formal then turn it into formal words like for example instead of saying students collaborate together you say wow hangout hangout the word like hangout alright or you know words that are spoken spoken in use alright then objective in giving points of argument not bias i think this is in APA 7 edition if you if you have the 7th edition of APA the newest one this is highly stressed in terms of writing you know objective language what you mention is like this try your best not to identify anyone in terms of gender race or whatever it is when you're putting up certain statements unless you're pretty sure or you have evidences to say so we also like to use this he's or her right he's or her he's or her all the time in the newer APA format it says that we can just use day even you're talking about one person you can just make it more conclusive by saying day instead of his or her his or her all the time so turn it into a bit more conclusive inclusive a bit more less bias right even the author as well if you're not sure of the gender you shouldn't be using he mention blah blah but if you're pretty sure of the gender then it's fine if not then you can just use the author or the authors right to be say okay then avoid contraction like can't don't and and all this all this contract contractions it's like short form or how to put it words that contract right like can't don't and all this so i think you know this i don't have to go into detail about contraction but the bottom line for academic voice is to be formal and objective right let me see yeah so there are three parts of academic voice avoid pretensiousness try not to inflate you know ideas by using too many big words number two is to make sure that you how to put it be clear and feel forward and then number three is formal and objective language so i'm done with hey any any question so far if you have any question about academic voice i know it sounds a bit weird because i'm talking about academic voice but i'm talking about writing not speaking all right the thing is when you read certain certain articles or certain papers you tend to know whether it sounds academic or not right i'm sure you have read a lot of article like you know when you use all these technical words and suddenly oh this is academic writing right so things like that again i hear somebody talking all right any other questions if i move on test a how do you improve your academic voice i think the more you read the better you are that's the key right tak ada cara lain sebanyak a lot of student ask me how do i improve my academic vocabulary there's no other way except for keep on reading you know because the more you read the more you are exposed to the structure the more you are exposed to the words the better you are and of course you have to put a bit of work or hard work kena usah sikit lah maksud dia you cannot just simply take an article but to put a put a baca it's not useful you have to learn like okay this person says this nicely i want to learn how this person write so you try to look at the sentences and see what can be done in in terms of your own writing or your draft right whenever you do your writing the draft that you are producing try your best to revise it from time to time it's not like do it once and then just send this is the problem when you do things last minute i always my i always advise my student when you are doing report writing or anything that requires you to do academic writing it's not good if you do it last minute yes you can send it and then probably get good marks but in terms of the way you improve your writing it won't be that helpful and then you will realise you keep using the same sentences the same way of writing all the way because you don't improve in terms of how you know how certain ideas can be express right because when you the more you read the better you are so if you if you're writing and you put it in draft and then you look at it again and then you can keep on improving that's that only works if you have time and then you start early if you do it at very last minute like 24 hours before the deadline then you'll be just doing copy and pasting a lot of things and then do some minor parapherasing and that's it hoping that your lecture group probably don't detect it and then just give you marks right things like that so if you really care about how to improve your writing you might want to spend more time looking at the draft and improve it from time to time right this is why certain certain people took longer time to do the artist for example those by research will take more time not really because they don't have the idea it's not really because they don't know what they're doing they just don't feel like the way they write it's it's good enough to improve the clarity but it won't work as well if you don't write some people say I don't want to write yet because I don't know how to write but it's always good to draft it out first that's why this tool like you know all this real time to like Google Docs and all that will be helpful because when you type it there and then along the way if you need somebody to take a look you can just share the link can you can you help me take a look of this part do I convey what I want to convey and all that so after all in in any research writing in any thesis the whole point is people understand what you're doing imagine if you pass a thesis you know you submit a thesis your examiner do not know what you're doing so that's the killing part it's not about the writing it's wrong to say that I don't know you know my English is poor that's why I fail my I fail my masters or my PhD it's not about that actually it's about the clarity because if you don't understand what you're saying and the way you convey causes confusion to other people that is the reason why you know people fail certain certain you know PhD or even masters or even when your thesis papers got rejected and all that because the way you write it's not clear enough all right okay if no then I'll move on this is the part that I will spend a bit of time because I think a lot of people ask me this ada yang tanya pasal ni scholarly citation and references so under aspire model as mean scholarly citation and references I put the word scholarly maksud dia bila kita cari bahan memang ada banyak resources sumber di luar sana yang penting it has to be scholarly dia kenalah dari sumber ilmiah ataupun sumber yang berguna all right so how to put it try try your best to find the reliable and reputable one not something which is you know just find it on the net I know you just google and then sometime you find some PDF and then you just download and then you ask me is this PDF general or not if you are not sure whether it's general or not meaning you're taking it from the wrong source right or maybe you're unsure what proper general looks like okay yeah it could be peer reviewed scholarly bottom line is it's from the reputable sources right reputable sources some general may not be peer reviewed right but it's reliable same thing like news article good news article as well as long as you get from the reliable sources not some fake not fake news I am suddenly I turn into daughter Trump some what do you call that this blog because a lot of blogs these days a lot of blog this it looks like news portal and then I have encountered a lot of student so I think all these people and then thinking that it's actually news portals they are not they are blogs right and the thing about all these blog is like they get the viral stuff on Twitter or on Facebook and then they start to they start to how to put it they start to put it in you know in in their web page and then it looks like proper news now you have to you have to make sure those how how to put it those news portals are clearly stating their affiliation or even the company details like the star if you go to the star it's clear you can have the star publication and all that all these reputable and you can always check somehow you can just google the name and then they will tell you like this is this is some even a parody you know a lot of parody news portal I have seen students I think all these parody parody portal when they are just making fun making joke but they treat those news as as true so you have to read they carefully before you you look through but I always advise you to go for the the reliable sort of those famous one that you already know like for example National Geographic what else all this journal all this list of news people like the star new state time all this popular one if you see some news portal that you have a bit of doubts then you might want to check first right a bit of checking should be done you can always ask people lah that's the best way that's the easiest way or both to like our kais our owner cannot call kais now but tari our library has a reliable source of resources there as well so that's how you refer to to the reliable one okay as much as you can minimise referring to web pages I'm not saying that you shouldn't read them at all you can read them like Wikipedia a lot of people say don't read Wikipedia don't read no you can read Wikipedia but use it as a way to develop your understanding on the issue not as a soft excitation of references because Wikipedia to me some of the resources are very useful in developing our understanding when you google find something chances are Wikipedia will come out first so use that as a basis of understanding the overview of the thing that you're finding then go to the references down there and start to check whether you can find all these things all these references that they are referring to use those as your further reading all right then you go and read them further but the website are just helping you to develop the general understanding not as a soft or citation of references all right books are normally used for solid theories a lot of people say you cannot cite things you know older than 10 years old and all that books normally you can go as far as as long as you want if that is the main source of the theory some theories existed in the early you know 19 10000 right you know 1900 kind of thing or even before that if those are the sources that you are referring to then the the year doesn't really matter you can even cite things in 1920 1993 you know and all that like a lot earlier a lot of earlier psychological work from by Gorski we have Skinner all these people they are very early those are solid theories you can still refer to them as the main you know sources even though it's very old right because those are the origin in fact if you are if you are using certain theories for example and you know that the theory came from someone let's say in the early 1930s but you are only referring to those in the recent one like 2019 or then something is wrong because you are not referring to the original source you are referring to what people say about the person right farm masuk di sini kalau teori boleh guna sumber yang lama-lama asalkan itu adalah sumber asli ataupun asal kepada teori tersebut tak kisahlah dia serat 1000 you know 1930 tu ke apa ke tak kisah doesn't really matter but if you are talking about latest trends or findings or if you want to check what is happening now if you want to claim certain thing which is very recent then it should be recent in a way between 5 to 10 years right Dr. Rehman ask about medium.com medium.com it's a blog right it's not a very bad but there are some news agencies or reputable publishers who publish in medium so you have to check the publisher not the medium.com but the writer of the of the post in media.com medium.com sorry it's it's not the medium.com as a whole right because they they also have blogs I also publish in medium.com but you couldn't cite me directly because I'm not counted as a reputable publisher but those reputable publisher if they publish in medium.com then you might you might be able to cite them but again in any academic writing websites web links blog posts are counted as not so scholarly right so you have to refer still refer to the the books or the journal article that would be the best so prioritize those first again like I said use all these web pages blog as a sources for you to develop the understanding because don't totally ban them you use them to understand certain concept but when you want to back up your ideas when you want to justify your your decision in certain things that in your academic writing try to go for the books or the journal articles right okay oh yeah paraphrase the sentences to over bad journalism i think this is also an issue i have what i call as these 5c techniques in terms of the paraphrasing 5c technique is comprehend change the structure change the words combine the ideas and cite properly so i mean like this let's say you have found all these scholarly things you know on journal on books and whatever right next thing you need to do is to decide whether are you going to quote them directly kalau nak quote directly boleh but not too many quotation because too many quotation in your writing means you are not spending time to to really you know analyze the the whole reading that you have done and try to synthesize them because kalau kita just ambi ambi ambi all the time and then just directly quote them it means it's not good you are just taking everything from the book might as well just read the book right let's say if i have an academic writing and 80% of your writing it's actually you know 80% of it are actually quoted style direct direct quotation you might as well just tell me to read the original text rather than reading your article right because 80% come from the article might as well just give me the article i will just read that right um yeah i'm i'm going there Martin right i'm going to i'm going to go there in a bit so you comprehend first try to understand say to understand the concept then try to change the structure if you have no way of summarising in your own words or no way of rewriting it change the structure first don't change the word first because i know sometimes when you when you when you get the statement from the from the book or from the journal the first thing that you will do is to right click and then get the synonym right it's not it's not really good try to change the structure a bit all right before you change the words if you need to this is very low you know how to put it low way of paraphrasing the best is still to comprehend and then summarize in your own words that's the best combine the ideas if it's possible sometimes that the author express something in three or four sentences right like he wanted to say a but he use three sentences to say it so you might want to combine them and then simplify in one sentence those what i meant by combine the ideas yeah change structure could be that active to passive passive to active or even the way it's it was organized right let's say the author says the impact of a is a b c right so you can always change it to the a abc are the impact of the change the structure best because before you play around with the with the words because that helps you to formulate the the ideas again this is very low technique you know low order technique in paraphrasing the best way to paraphrase is still to read and understand the whole context and rewrite it in your own words in your own words doesn't mean everything right the keywords are still there but you try to restructure and reword it accordingly right then don't forget to cite probably so since martin ask about this i'll go i'll go to the citation a bit but let me tell you what happened if you just point blank copying you know from the sources this is what will happen imagine if you're doing this as a theory perspective of personality development and then you put it in turn it in and then it came out like this now um then you will see like even the first sentence is directly lifted from a source which is if i click on 18 then i will be no i will know where you get it from and then you can see that the citation is given right you can see that citation is given but it's marked as copy i will tell you why in a bit but try to avoid this because this is like 71 a similarity index what i want to tell you is turn it in software the one that we have in elib it's not a plagiarism punisher or a plagiarism checker a lot of people mis misunderstood this turn it in is actually a way to detect similarity but if by no mean it means you are totally you know plagiarized sometime your sentence could sound similar to other people even though you have no way you know you didn't even border about copying other people's idea so it's a similarity checker so what happened is if you treat it as a similarity checker let's say if you upload this and then you notice that the first sentence is highlighted it means either you're totally leave it or you do not know how to cite it properly right so you have to improve also if you are pretty sure that you have not copied from anywhere but somehow the sentence is highlighted you might want to reconsider the way you structure it or just keep as it is because it's not nothing wrong with keeping the same sentence structure right i put it there already the acceptable percentage is 25 right anything 25 and below is considered as good how do you notice easy upload it to turn it in before it start turning orange or dark yellow it's okay if you start turning red means it's too high similarity is too high right but anyway you don't need to read the color just look at the the percentage percentage is also very subjective because if you upload a page like this one page 25% it's quite a lot right so you might want to look at the page number as well if you upload a thesis of 200 pages 25% it's actually very low right so but in i think in in enimas the acceptable percentage is 25 some university go up as i as 30 i know in some foreign universities that even Harvard some courses they allow up to 30% because they are certain terms which will be repeated especially in technical writing like engineering or in the sciences the chances of you repeating the same way of writing is there especially in the findings part you know when you read the finding when you when you report the finding is the structure is the same and then it will be detected that's similar and then it will be wrong for lecture or even yourself to just oh i plagiarise it may not be because you have to read through first it's a similarity checker so you have to check which part is similar and then try to improve somebody else our future us how about like when we do quality report we have to input the positive opinion what is the correct format to write the opinion oh yeah i will go there in a bit okay okay right let's take a look at this first because Martin asked about how do you how do you do proper citation and then you can see here even those with citation ada yang citation pun masih salah all right masih masih dianggap sebagai similar ada pun tak didetek as well cited so how do you do this take a look at this original statement many people who read the word yawn or yawning will feel the urge to yawn by simon 2000 on page 5 right page 5 i use this many many times those who have taken academic writing cause will know that is a very popular that a popular statement that i use okay let's take a look at the first one many people who read the word yawn or yawning will feel the urge to yawn this is countered as plagiarized why is exactly the same right and then you don't even bother to put simon then all right okay number one plagiarized number two you put simon there according to simon 2002 many people who read the word yawn or yawning will feel the urge to yawn this is also countered as plagiarized or plagiarized because no changes to the statement even though you give credit to simon this is what a lot of students are doing actually and it's wrong just because you put simon there and then you just copy and paste the same sentence or the same statement you feel like okay i'm fine no it's actually contributing to the similarity index as well and also the plagiarism part if you would like to directly quote this person then after according to simon 2002 then you should start with the quotation mark and then put the page number there okay number three researchers have found that by merely reading the word yawn and yawning a person would have the desire to replicate the action notice that the whole sentence it changed but it's still countered as plagiarized why? because no citation different i'm sorry i did that send the retanus send ni jawab because the idea is not yours right you are not the one who did the study and found that people who read the word yawn and yawning you know will feel like will also feel the word yawn so this is where you know simon 2002 has to be given credit right according to simon 2002 a person would have the desire to perform the egg or yawning blah blah this is good because not only the citation is given you acknowledge the idea you also paraphrase the sentence faham so tak cukup kalau you just ambit segment 2 and then you letak citation then anggap 2 das lamat belum you still have to change the sentence a bit that's why i said the best is to understand paham dulu apa yang you not paraphrase to and then put it in put the citation in alright try to understand the whole thing first before you start writing if someone didn't play you but it's similar to someone ya same thing that's why if you submit to journal the journal will actually require you to prove that that statement is yours or you don't copy from anywhere kind of kind of thing if if they notice that those are generic words usually journal will allow they will say something like certain level of percentage if references included is how many percent usually higher and then if references excluded usually percentage will go lower but again because we are the author we know where the sources are and all that if you're pretty sure pretty confident that there is not taken from anywhere you can always send it to the editor and say please are originally written by by yourself and somehow the sentence sounds similar but may not be may not be you know the publish on somewhere and all that but usually it's very rare very very rare for us to encounter an exact replicate of the same sentence except for like i told you just now certain generic pattern in reporting findings like there is no significant difference between you know when you report all these SPSS the results the sentence is the same right doesn't matter who wrote it it will sound the same some software will exclude this from the calculation some no turning in usually if you if you put the word there is no significant difference and all that if you notice you put it and turn it in turn it in actually ignore it because they know that is the generic that's the generic pattern in reporting you're finding and it appears in different position but if it's exactly the same even the numbers is the same and everything the same then they will detect as similarity in the part of the similarity index and meaning your copy all right how student can access the name to do such a it for post-registration you can request from come but i'm not sure how many accounts we have but usually if you're doing cost work studies lectures in the elit page can always set up one turn it in submission and put the submission as as many as you know until the deadline means you can upload as many times as you want until the deadline rather than one final version because if you allow that replication so you can keep on uploading you know until the final deadline on the copy so normally in my case for my cost i will put up one link for student to check before the deadline means they can submit as many times as they want and check and improve because sometimes if you don't do this you won't get the opportunity to learn and then you are punished directly based on one final output which is not really good so so you can try to as i said unfortunately turn it in is not free so the accounts in unimas is quite limited i think but you can also use some other tools outside there but it's not as it's not as robust as as turn it in lah the the so they are the quality they are not a bit a bit a bit the turn it in alright the turn in sorry the other than turn it in the the software are not so good out there the free one so i don't know you can request to you can request to come center for applied learning and multimedia just go to come the unimas and why even or email elip at unimas and why to request for a turn it in account for postgraduate student you have individual account or else you can ask a lecture to create one in your cost cost page that will be easier alright next one is to quickly go to a bit on the correct citation format i'm sure a lot of you asking this i have one guideline but the guideline is in malay right the ap a guideline is in malay but i think the the english version you can get go go and get it from one site that i always refer to the our website i'll show you in a bit but this are some of the key ones right that you need to know key format to remember is a book journal proceeding magazine newspapers and web pages it's actually by by importance the first few are the most important one right and then the two magazine and web pages are you know refer to when you need to magazine and newspapers usually we refer to when we want to cite certain recent cases like for example if you're talking about counseling and you want to cite certain cases that happened recently then you can use the newspaper or magazine those that report the incidents and all that in normal cases if you're doing some academic writings very rare for us to refer to these papers unless we want to get the latest happenings right let's say if you are if you are claiming that the number of mental the number of cases for mental illness is increasing then you might want to refer to the newspaper and get some some statistic from there or the best is find out if other journals are reporting this that will be the best web pages and downloadable reports these are also quite important to know because sometimes you might refer to web pages or downloadable like those PDF that you download how do you do that all right before I go to the format I'll show you the format for APA in a bit but before that this is how we use citation Martin Arzizetang so I will emphasize this there are two types of citation that we normally use it's called autofocus and info focus autofocus means you have the author in front and then information later and then info focus means information dulu or information first and then citation come later in the parenthesis or in the bracket so there are two types when to use autofocus when to use info focus go for info focus if you are prioritizing the information maksud dia kalau fakta itu lebih penting tekan kan fakta letak citation di belakang right for example definition the focus should be the definition not on the author right so put the definition first then the citation come later so when do you go for autofocus then you go for autofocus when you are targeting specific details from this particular journal or this particular author for example theory if you are talking about the founder of this theory or the father of this theory for example then you can go for autofocus because he or she is the he is the the person that created this right or she is the one who formulated the the guideline for example so you might want to go for autofocus if you are going for the specific details so this is the sample that you can see first one is info focus a recent study has proven that unimah student spend most of their daytime on facebook notice that the citation is in at the back because you are you don't really border whether who is same and all that you just want the fact right for example you are writing an essay about the trend of usage you know among unimah student so instead of highlighting according to sim 2010 blah blah blah you put it at the back right why because the the information map is more than you know sim okay now if you want to go into detail or what sim has done then you can you can continue this by saying sim 2010 interview 1200 student from unimah and found out that blah blah blah so you notice that this is more specific because when you go for auto focus you want to get some details out of it it's not just like very general statement sim say is this is this very general all right because if you if you go for general statement or general remarks then go for the first one info focus that's why in journal most of the journal you read you will notice that the citation are the first one right they put the citation at the back because what they are prioritizing is not the author they will go for the author when they start going deeper on the what the author says or when when they want to show the differences of opinion sim say this ali say this for example so when they want to show the comparison bila you not to enjoy perbeza pendapat this is where you use the author focus because putting the authors in front it means you are showing the argument between these sets of author and the other set of author but if you are just making claims general claims like many studies have look into blah blah blah you just put the citation at the back like what you are seeing now so i put here use author focus citation when you are going deeper on what the author has done or directly quote what the author said for example when you want to highlight it okay so this is the the way to use the info focus and the author focus so these are the general i'll go to the file in a bit but this is general first let you know use last name only in citation although formally almost in name you can go for first name or full name now there is no guideline in apa that explain about other names right they treat everyone equal so what happened is if you do not want to spell out the full name or the first name you can still follow the international convention by putting the last name only the only tricky thing about malay name or mostly name name is that you don't carry the fathers name so people will not recognize you that's why in terms of the citation count and all that they are pro and cons pro means for example if your fathers name is abdulla then whoever is abdulla and then the initial is the same you get credited and so on sometimes in google citation for example they will count the because the same name is the same right and then they don't recognize you especially if you are female then they don't recognize you because they only cd the last name like a good example will be this classic language malay language asma haji oma right professor asma haji oma she normally will put oma only all right in any academic writing so people will not know that this is actually asma haji oma people will only know oma oma all the time so so in Malaysia somehow there is an accepted convention where if you are citing malay or muslim name you are allowed to put the full name like asma oma or just asma in the citation okay but without all this been binti or even haji haja or tansuri datos tansuri datos professor emrata all this throw out because in the whole epa concept is everyone is equal so you don't even know whether the person is a king or a queen just by looking at the name because you don't have that that name inside all right I mean the titles inside use n when citing names in parenthesis and bracket I think you need to know use this symbol ampersand ampersand symbol n every time you put citation if it's in the bracket or in the parenthesis turn the n into ampersand all right sorry not user use n use n when citing names use n when citing name in sentences like david and helen so because it's part of the sentence then you cannot use the symbol all right that's why I said I mentioned this a lot like your name right dayan city noroshamira awang talib if your name is too long every time people want to start your name there will be dayan city awang talib says that blah blah blah and then suddenly and they want dayan and they say that all the time so what you can do is I would normally go for the last name so in your case you could just use awang talib you know your your hardest name for example if you don't want you can use your your first name dayan city noroshamira all right so this is the thing when you publish in the international journal and all that they tend to be confused and then they they thought that your name is only one but you know in Malaysia some name can be very long so so it's always good to to use but you will you will still use the full name in the citation in the references anyway there's only the citation you try to you try to how to put it try to choose one you know I either the last name or the first name okay the whole point is be consistent if you want to put the full name then all the name should be full formally name if you want to if you want to use first name then all should be first name cannot be like suddenly your name is only first name and then the either Malay author you use last name it's not consistent it has to be consistent everyone ask if the book author is A compiling all the counseling theory and therapy from all the founders at V&C when we do citations we use A or A this is this is a very classic question the the rule it's not about citing the source the rule is which one are you referring to if you are reading A then please put A first right or you if you still want to give credit to B, C, and D you can just put B, C, and D comma or B, C, and D as cited in A 2002 so all this B, C, D no year all right you should not put B 1940 because you are not reading that book every time you put a full citation bila kita letak full citation like Ali 2010 David and Helen 2020 for example it means you are reading that source you are referring to that song if you are not referring to it then you shouldn't put it in your citation you shouldn't put it in your reference because you are cheating in a way because you tak baca that thing but you're putting it in your references or your citation so what happen is since you are reading A and inside this A there are many other citation first thing to do is see whether you can get access to the B, C, and D first if you really can't get any access to B, C, and D then only you credit to A but you you can also say B but as cited in A so i'll show you the format in a bit now i'll change my screen this is this is in BM but i will explain i will explain in English because the reason why i do it in BM is you can see like this screen are you seeing my screen the format APA alright the reason why i do it in BM because there are so many sources in English already so the English sources i'll put it in the link in a bit but it's the same thing just that i replicated in in the this format for APA so those who want this Malay version can can get it alright this resources on slide share that i put up has been has been viewed close to half a million alright because a lot of people refer to this when it's in in BM version for the Malaysian writers but if you want to refer to the if you want to refer to the English format you can go to the link that i will give you in a bit alright again APA is American Psychology Association this is the standard that we use in Unimas there are many other citation format do not be confused that's why if you refer to a journal or any article you cannot just refer to the references directly and then put it copy and paste in your article because they may be using different format i have a lot of student who just copy and then they say i follow whatever the reference put they thought it's APA no there are many many types of citation format or and also referencing format so the one that we are using is APA they are Harvard style they are MLA style Chicago style even numbered style and all that so you can use the information but rewrite it in APA format or use the tools to to do it the one that inside this manual is the most popular version which is the sixth edition the recent one the seventh edition came out earlier this year but it was not widely popular yet because the access to this seventh edition is it's not widespread yet but there are some changes minor changes only which i will tell you in a bit right so you can use sixth edition in fact if you have sixth edition already you can use sixth edition as a guide but just change some minor things in the seventh edition right i need i don't have to go into detail this one is already i want to tell you this whatever you put in your citation it should appear in your references the rule of APA is it's not a bibliography bibliography means suggested reading suggested reading means even if you don't cite it you can see put it in your bibliography the concept of APA is the references should replicate the citation if you have 10 different authors for your citation then the 10 references should appear dia kena sama kalau ada baili dalam your kanangan or your essay then baili kena keluar dalam ujukan senarai ujukan apa yang digunakan sahaja whatever you use only all right whatever you use only so this is what i told you by the name let's say if it's chinese name truckie man you should be using tuah but if i type truckie man in my article for example the international audience would cite me as man 2009 i get this a lot people citing me as man 2000 you know man as a surname because they they use the last name as the the last word as the last name that's why if you notice when i write in my article i will flip i will put key man tuah because they will detect tuah as the last name right they will beckham same thing right beckham jimi chu kim if you have english name for chinese you feel used to because that is the surname same thing william beget dan gate so these are the convention but for malay name like i told you you have an option you can use full name right like this one datu ali bin dostam for example you don't have to put the datu and bin just put ali dostam and all that for malay name and most of me you have a choice you can actually use full name if you want to or first name or use the if you follow the apa convention then it should be only the last name so in this case if you're talking about asma oma then you can only use you can take out the asma and then use only oma alright these are some of the concept this is also some guideline now if you are writing your essay in dm then the n can be changed through done alright so what author is that right this is citation okay okay this is the changes in the room this is the this is the changes in the room okay i put the box up here okay let me let me tell you what what is the difference in the apa now in the sixth edition of apa if you if you put this how to put it pre-name adam ali and adams ali and abu right the first time the second time you use it you change it to et al so it's three to five authors kind of kind of way but in the seven edition i put here in the seven edition the moment is three and above or even meaning more than two you can use et al directly and then the format for et al is a l dot not a dot a l dot or not a et dot because et at all of course it came from latin but it's also adopted in french like air is n right in french right in french is n a l dot is actually abbreviation abbreviation for the word allies ally means friend so when you say ali at all or and allies means ali and friends so the format is et air or an al dot not et dot al dot is the wrong one because only al is abbreviated abbreviation with other dot there's also a convention where people say you need to italicize italikan al don't have to now even in the epa they don't really italicize at all but if you want to italicize at all make sure everything is italicized not just one or two so kalau ada et al ada yang unit italicized then italicize semua jangan italicize one or two okay because the reason why you italicize is the concept of foreign language in the main language kalau you write something in english anything which is foreign then you italicize right so that was the reason but now that because you are treating this as a convention of writing then et al italicize yes the new edition means the new edition is very making making life easier the moment is three and above you just use at all immediately tak perlu don't have to spell out the name first and then use at all later easier i think in fact i love this i love this change because they get the changes they get the feedback from the users and then they they change it that's why sometimes when you submit article now if you are submitting research journal papers and all that they don't really question you much as long as they see you use at all then it's fine no you know why because they change the rule of referencing last time in referencing you only list up to seven names now you you you can list up to 20 names that is the reason imagine if you have like 10 authors how on earth are you going to you know list everyone and everything so they just make it clear cut just put at all in the just put at all in the how to put it the the paper all right yeah true i agree sometimes the names are quite long as well and then imagine if you have firewaters you are repeating you know and then you tend to forget as well but there is a hidden rule of this if you notice that the surname are the same let's say somehow i don't know at least this is very rare but in case the surname are the same let's say you have Ali Johnson and Johnson and then another article also Ali Johnson and Johnson and you you might want to spell out first and then put the year put the year there because sometimes you know it causes big confusion if you put at all immediately because you could be referring it to the same thing right because it depends on how you structure it as well in this case if i put Ali at all then i will know that i'm referring to Ali Abu Atan just in case i have another article Ali Nora and Atan for example then if i put Ali at all i could be referring to that one right that's why it will be good to list out first before you use at all for certain cases like when the surname or the list is the same right or else just use at all it should be no problem so now the citation is the same as a yes correct so basically there's no more 3 to 5 author kind of rule basically now only one to two and then suddenly anything more then three just go for this rule which is this one right so i'm putting the six edition here just in case because some people or some general writing they still want you to follow the six edition they don't want you to follow the seven edition then at least you know the difference between the six and the seven edition all right okay boleh faham ya okay by the way when i'm talking about at all and all this this all this only appears in citation it doesn't appear the word at all will not appear in your references or the reference list dia tak keluar dalam scenario jukan at all too at all hanya keluar di dalam citation sahaja all right so hopefully you are clear how do you say author who same thing if um if it's the same surname you just it's like jeral and jeral no harm because i will be referring to your i will be referring to your reference list so it should be in your case should be kori comma jeral comma jeral unless you want to say jeral jeral and jeral three of them you know why because sometimes some journal article or even some books they are written by family members like husband and wife usually in the western culture the wife will carry the husband surname so it happens like victoria beckham and david beckham it will be like beckham and beckham even though you know victoria should be victoria adam right for example but if you follow whatever is given in the book so you just put kori in your case is kori jeral no no you don't have to put gc and e because those are you only put the initial if you have two types of jeral and jeral then it will be okay let's say one you have simdi jeral emily jeral and then another book by kemarin jeral and emily jeral right then you have to distinguish the how to put it the initial just to distinguish these two right but normally normal normally the rule is just put jeral and jeral right the the last thing okay i'll show you some sample in a bit if i think i have right if it's the same year i think this one you have to follow the epa rule if it's the same year then arrange by alphabetical order then whichever come first you have to put it A i think i need to write this let me see if i can write this i put here i'm sharing here okay now let's say if you have since you ask these questions i might show this to you i'm not sure if you can see this wait a minute let me just put it here okay can you see the blank here okay let's say you have let's say you have jeral and jeral jeral or jeral okay let's say let's say this is 2002 then you have but this is from book A then you have book 2 or book B also by jerald and jerald let's say in the same year all right let's say in the same year what happen now is you will see like book A and book B you will have the same surname and then the same year so you need to use the A and B so which one A which one B you look at the titles so this book let's say it start with B the title of the book start with A so this one will go 2002 A this one will go 2002 B get it for this one so let's say jerald and jerald 2000 A will refer to book A because it goes by the title and then jerald and jerald book B will go for 2000 B goes by the title i'm just using it simple B it doesn't have to be A or B let's say this one if i put it here is the intro to blah blah blah this one is signs okay so you take a look at the title book B start with S this one start with T right so which one come first all right S right so this one will become the 2002 B will become A now and then this one will become B because it goes by the title this is same year same surname right if it's different surname doesn't matter you don't have to change you don't have to put A or B if it's same same surname different year no problem as well just tip as it is because it's different year anyway so so how about the year so so not equal to no you go for alphabetical order right go for alphabetical order oh if you are talking about jera and jera but then year is different then it's in the by year okay let me go to the next i clear this one you know let me go to the next slide okay next one okay let's say you have okay i use Ali and Abu Laizi Ali and Abu this is 1998 and then Ali and Abu 2020 now when you list in the when you list in the reference list then this one should come first and then this one number two because you go by the year if it's the same surname all right you go by the year but if it's different name let's say Ali another one is Ali and what ah Ali and Aaron okay let's say this is 2010 right notice that this one is Ali and then Aaron is AA this is AB then this one will will go up in your list in the senarai rujukan nanti tapi dalam senarai rujukan of course you have to follow the format lah this is not the right format i'm just showing you the sequence evolve the name all right okay boleh arena what if we have otter 1 2 3 and 4 then in the next sentence we have otter 5 can we still use otter 1 at all in the next sentence the sentence about otter ah wait, wait, wait i have to 8 we have otter 1 2 3 and 4 in 1 okay then in the next sentence we have otter 5 can we still use otter 1 at all in the next SEMP? yes, can because it's different anyway right otter 1 at all dan kemudian 5, kerana apa-apa pun akan berkombinasi, akan berkombinasi dari tahun juga. Jadi tak penting jika otor 5. Baiklah, ia berbeza, okey? Ia harus okey. Sama tahun dan sama idea, tetapi otor yang berbeza atau otor yang sama, apa maksud kamu? Tetapi masih berbeza, apa-apa pun. Ada apa-apa yang berbeza, jika nama yang berbeza atau tahun yang berbeza, ia berbeza, sudah berbeza. Kita tak perlu perlu risau, okey? Seperti yang ini, kamu nampak, Alina Bu, masa tahun yang berbeza, sudah berbeza, tetapi kamu hanya perlu melakukan sesuatu adil apabila tahun yang sama, otor yang sama, kemudian kamu perlu melakukan sesuatu adil. Okey, okey? Ada apa-apa pertanyaan di sini? Kenapa saya bawa ini ke atas ini, A dan B? Kerana nama yang sama, tahun yang sama, kemudian kamu perlu melihat siapa yang A, siapa yang B melihat nama-nama. Jika ada apa-apa yang berbeza, seperti Jera dan Jero, tetapi tahun yang berbeza, kemudian ia berbeza, sudah berbeza. Jadi kamu melakukan sesuatu adil. Okey? Ini untuk pertanyaan. Biar saya... Biar saya... Biar saya... Biar saya... ...penggantian sedikit. Okey, sekarang adalah penggantian. Untuk bukti, saya rasa saya tak perlu masuk ke set-by-set deta kerana anda boleh beritahu dia, tetapi saya akan memahami apa yang berlaku yang paling teruk. Untuk bukti untuk bukti, ia selalu nama-nama yang terakhir, nama-nama yang terakhir, dan kemudian initial, dan tahun yang terakhir, nama-nama yang terakhir, italuskan, kemudian tempat, dan kemudian pekerjaan. Jadi jika anda melihat ini, ia bermaksud seperti yang ini, jika anda beritahu informasi ini sekarang, nama-nama adalah Amie Confrid. Jadi apabila anda melihat ini di listan rata, ia menjadi Confrid A. Kerana itu nama terakhir. Kemudian tahun, nama-nama yang terakhir, nama-nama ini adalah hal yang tidak pelajar boleh buat salahnya. Nama-nama yang terakhir, hanya nama-nama yang terakhir adalah kemasan. Dan sehingga nama yang terakhir, atau nama yang terakhir, dan sebagainya, anda kemasan. Sebelum nama yang terakhir, anda hanya melihatnya di kemasan atau kemasan, kemasan. Seperti GAA di sini. Tapi jika anda bercakap tentang nama-nama yang berlaku, nama-nama yang berlaku, dan sebagainya, anda perlu menghidupi, tentu saja. Tapi secara jauh, hanya kemasan yang pertama dari kemasan pertama adalah menghidupi, yang lain tidak. Kemudian anda ada tempat yang terakhir. Api A jika ia adalah kemasan yang terkenal, tempatnya adalah selalu kemasan kemasan kemasan untuk keadaan untuk keadaan dunia yang lain, tanpa U.S., anda menggunakan negara Citi. Faham? Tempatnya, penyelamatkan. Jika U.S., Singapura, bagi contohnya, anda perlu menggunakan New York NY kerana New York City dalam negara New York, anda perlu menggunakan NY. Kemudian, U.S. Citi, anda perlu menggunakan kemasan. Sementara keadaan dari negara. Seperti Mason, Mason, Ohio, dan sebagainya. Jadi, ia adalah Mason, Ohio. Seperti begitu. Okey? Paling kurang lain, saya akan memberikan link nanti, tetapi sebagainya. Tetapi yang lain daripada U.S., negara Citi U.S., di luar U.S., atau di luar Amerika, anda menggunakan Citi, Korma, negara. Sekarang, ini perkara tentang Api A. Jika Citi adalah dunia terkenal, yang terkenal, anda tidak perlukan negara. Seperti London semua orang tahu adalah di U.S., bagi contoh. Jadi, anda tidak perlu menggunakan U.S. Tetapi, untuk saya, perkara yang saya beritahu adalah, ia akan baik untuk menggunakan negara. Kerana kadang-kadang, negara lain akan mempunyai citi yang sama, betul? Siapa tahu nanti, anda tahu, jika anda di London, anda dapat menemui, anda tahu, di setiap keadaan dunia, di Australia, atau apa-apa pun, ada banyak tempat namanya London. Jadi, hanya untuk dipercayakan, anda dapat menggunakan U. Tetapi, ia bergapanya pada penerbangan, bagaimanapun, bukan anda yang memutuskan ia. Memang, untuk penerbangan, periksa penerbangan, jika mereka menemui U.S. itu adalah yang di U.S. Baiklah. Jadi, itu yang saya beritahu anda. Kuala lumpur, seluruh Malaysia. Baiklah. Walaupun anda boleh menerima Malaysia, kerana APA adalah dunia atau dunia, anda tidak perlu menemui negara. Tetapi, ia selalu baik untuk menemui. Jadi, jika ia Kota Samarahan, anda tidak boleh menemui Kota Samarahan Sarawak lagi. Anda harus menemui Kota Samarahan Sarawak. Bukan Kota Samarahan Sarawak di luar Malaysia dan di luar U.S. Baiklah. Baiklah. Ada soalan untuk penerbangan? Ini untuk penerbangan. Jadi, belakang ini, bagian belakang itu adalah sama. Maaf, mulai dari tahun ini sampai akhirnya adalah sama. Tiada perubahan. Tuan, tiada perubahan. Tiada perubahan dalam 6 dan 7. Sama ruang. Baiklah. Untuk perubahan, tiada perubahan. Untuk perubahan, tiada perubahan dalam 6 atau 7. Baiklah. Jadi, Richard Nelson John nama terakhir adalah Richard. Tidak, Nelson John adalah nama terakhir. Tapi saya tidak pasti bagaimana posisinya. Jadi, anda perlu beritahu jurnal. Jika mereka memasuk Richard nama terakhir, Nelson John nama terakhir adalah Richard yang terakhir. Tapi jika mereka menerbangan, Richard Nelson John, nama Nelson John adalah nama terakhir. Baiklah. Jadi, kita perlu beritahu. Jadi, untuk perubahan, bagaimanapun formatnya adalah sama. Yang satu-satunya adalah bagaimana? Jadi, ia bergantung untuk penerbangan. Jadi, jika ada satu penerbangan, maka anda buat seperti ini. Jika ada dua penerbangan, kemudian, apa yang berlaku? Kita hanya menambah nama kedua. Nama kedua di sini. Yang satu-satunya adalah, anda tidak akan melihat penerbangan A di perubahan ini. Jadi, dalam penerbangan di atas anda, tiada penerbangan A lagi. Anda hanya menggunakan A&D di lantai cintak. Jadi, dalam nama kedua, menerbangan nama, kemudian penerbangan, dan kemudian, jika anda ada dua penerbangan, begini adalah cara anda buat. Lihatlah ada penerbangan sebelum nama kedua. Jadi, ada sebuah rule di sini yang anda perlu menerbangan penerbangan sebelum nama kedua. Selepas penerbangan pertama, penerbangan kemudian, dikirakan seluruh nama. Jika ada dua, kemudian dua. Jika ada tiga, kemudian menerbangan So the comma and then until the last, the last one, the last author. Notice the title as well, only the first letter, the first word is capitalized. How? H. Mason, Ohio. Notice that the states in US, they don't spell out Ohio. They just put OH, alright? So only the states in US, you have to put the abbreviated version or abbreviation. So you can get the list in the link that I'm going to give you later. Right? There's a whole list of states. You know why? Because APA after all is American base anyway. So they prioritize the American publisher and also writers. Okay? This is just to let you know if it's three, same thing, right? Just list, list, list, list, list, list, list. Now I put here six editions, say maximum is seven. Six editions, maximum is seven. But in the latest one, it's up until 20. So last time, no, last time, sixth edition, you can list up to seven authors only. So what normally will happen is you list the first six, right? Then you will put dot, dot, dot, then the last author. Okay, this is a bit tricky to explain. If you just read from this slide, what happens like this? Let's say the paper has 10 authors. The paper has 10 authors. In the sixth edition of APA, you list the first six only. The authors of the first six, in one, two, three, six, six authors. Then you skip seven, eight, nine, you take the last one. So the total names are seven, right? The total names are seven, one, two, three, four, five, you know, seven. But you skip the middle one. So if you have 20 names before this, you list the first six, skip everything and get the last one. So you will be only seven names. But the new one, the seventh edition, allow up to 20. So you list the first 19. If there are 22, for example, you skip 20 and 21, and then you go for 22. So it commets up to 20 names. I think it's very rare for us to get this. But in a lot of article like sciences, the medical journal, some technical journal, you will have a lot of names. So what happens is you list the first 19 and skip to the last one. So in between, you don't have the n, you just put dot dot dot. The dot dot dot means the rest of the members, alright? If only seven, then you don't need the dot dot dot. You just list everything and then n7. Bottom line is the total number of names that you have in the list in front before the year for six edition is seven. For seven edition is 20. Right, Gemi? Very rare lah. Tapi if you're still complete, let me know. But this is how it works, okay? Organization can just put that in place of the author. So some publication can be published not by a single author but by an organization, like the World Health Organization. Then you just put the organization's name. Same thing lah. The back part, if you notice, is the same. Title, place, and then the publisher. Publisher is the last, alright? Okay. This is for journal. So just how it works, now it's journal. Journal is the one that you should be reading a lot for postgraduate level. So like this case, Kevin Micky, I'm just using some simple, easier for you to remember. So the list, what I'll normally do is if you depend on software, the one that I will show you a bit, it's like Mandalay and Graph and Write, what else, all this software. It's okay to use the software but you still have to refer to this as your guideline because some software extract the component from the article and the article may not provide the information. So you still have to do the manual checking. Cannot rely fully on the software, like Endnode and all that because sometimes the way they extract the information may not be accurate. So you still have to do a bit quick checking, especially this one lah, the pages. Usually it's missing from the automated extraction. So you have to find out the pages. For journal, make sure you know the year. Make sure you know the name or the article that you're referring to and then you have the journal name, the volume and the number and then the pages, like this one. Okay. Become a good student is the name of the article that you're referring to. Journal of Education is the name of the journal that has the article become a good student. Right. This is the volume. Notice that Journal of Education and 13 is italicized because we italicized the name of the journal and the volume. Okay. And then the pages. The pages has no PP. All right. No PP for pages because journal, well, my reasoning is like this. Anything that has a proper cover page and all that, you tend to have, you need to put PP for the pages. All right. Because page, page. But for journal, because sometimes you don't know when you get the article is independent on its own, you don't see the cover page and all that. Then, you know, no PP is needed. Right. That's my, that's my reasoning. Right. It's not IPA, but that's how I remember the reasoning. So if I refer to books, if I referring to chapter in the book, then I want to cite that chapter only, then I will put PP. The pages because the book has a cover, front cover and the back cover. Right. The page to page. If I'm referring to magazine, if I referring to newspaper, they have cover page and chances are when newspaper, for example, it's not online newspaper, the physical newspaper and the physical magazine, you, you will have the page, right. The cover page, back, front and back. So you need to put PP. That's why for magazine and newspaper, if you're referring to the hard copy, you have to put the PP. I mean, there's a whole list of APA when you refer to later lah. Right. But just to let you know, in journal, there is no PP. So if you put PP for journal referencing, it's wrong. This is for referencing. Again, referencing. All right. For the references that you put at the, at the back. The new rule in seven edition is if the journal has DOI, right. If you, if you encounter the journal has the DOI, you have to put the DOI at the back. So after the page, you just put the DOI and then the DOI has no HCTP. Right. No HCTP. Just DOI. You have seen the DOI before. Let me show you just in case. Just in case somebody are not aware of what I'm trying to tell you now. Oops, sorry. Journal. Maybe get some recent one. Okay. If you go to any good journal, like this one is a, because it is good because it's under Taylor and Francis Online. All right. There's a DOI here. Right. Okay. So you just copy until DOG.org only. You don't need the HCTPS. But according to APA, if you put the HCTPS and so it's also fine. But normally we just put the DOI.org onwards. Okay. How do we put the pages if there's no pages in the journal wrapper? Ha. If the journal wrapper has no pages, something is suspicion. Right. First rule of checking whether the journal is okay or not, whether the journal is properly page nice. Meaning it's it has page. Right. So you shouldn't be, you shouldn't be putting your own numbers. That's wrong. Now if you're referring to an online journal like this, what I'm showing now, for example now. Okay. Like this. You should get hold of the PDF first to get the pages. Or sometimes they will put it here. Pages 972 to I don't know so where you can see this. Right. If you download something, now downloaded something and then a lot of suspicious thing like no pages, no proper name or the then chances are you might want to check where where does it come from fresh. Don't immediately put your own page number. That's wrong. I know or something you download at PDF and then you found that there's no pages and just pretend that this is page one to page 10. No. All right. Now if newspaper article, newspaper article, for example, and you are directly quoting you you want to cite certain part, you can use the word paragraph. Paragraph. Right. Like this one. Let's say imagine this is online, fully online. There's no pages given. You cannot print this out and then suddenly give your own pages. No. All right. So you can let's say you are let's say this is the introduction and then this is paragraph number two. Okay. If you're citing this, for example, I'm just giving you one example, then you can just put para two. Right. Per per a dot space. Two. Then people will know that you're referring to this. This paragraph. Okay. Again. For general books page-nize version meaning get the get the PDF version and get the exact page. How do you find impact factor of the journal? Wow. This is tricky question. So impact factor usually will is out in the journal itself. Or you can go to the SimaGo check like this one. If you click on the journal name, you will see the impact factor like this one. Mind you there are many fake impact factor. All right. So there are very a lot of predatory journal which list all kind of impact factor. So if you are Taylor and Francis, then this is okay. I'm going to set first before you refer to that any impact factor. So any journal like if you search here, you will see the impact factor. All right. The common one is SimaGo search. This website we just type Google's SimaGo actually or Science SimaGo. This is how we search for journal. So there's a journal of learning sciences to search. Then it will list out the journal name and it will tell you the you know the details of it like this is Q1 and then the impact factor and all that. So if you want to go for detail, you can just click the home page here and then it will give you the proper impact factor. Okay. This is how if for those who are interested on this one but it doesn't really matter. What happened is now this is this is go back to the scholarly citation and references study. There's so many journal articles out there then which one should you refer to to me Are you citing the right person? Let's say in your field of learning sciences let's say you're from learning sciences if you don't refer to this journal then something is wrong you refer to some some journal which it could be suspicious and may not be may not be helpful but go for the main source first and then if you have no other choices but let's say you're especially for local context right journal for local context those who you yang nak what kajentan tan tan tan Malaysian or that chances ah you will encounter a lot articles which which are not published in in journal yet so are they a preprint are they and they are not research gate are they and they are not academia and all that there are many sources so very five first if it's not published I mean in in journal you then you have to cite it like the downloadable report or downloadable article just to acknowledge to people that you are referring to the one that you download not something which is published so the author knows that you are referring to the one that he uploaded on research gate for example if you cannot find it elsewhere in the journal or any other journal on earth alright if you can find it what normally what I will do is if I encounter one article which is very good but when I click on it there's no pages there's no detail of the publisher then I start I will start googling the name of the author or I will start to so I will put the the title and start to search if I found that article somewhere else in a let's say suddenly it appears in Taylor Francis and I and I will use this version I will not use the I will not use the one that I downloaded so it's not it's not a good practice to quickly found and then use it okay no you can't there's no such thing and MP alright try not to and the moment you use a lot of unavailable information like MP even no date dan all that it creates the suspicious of it create that suspicion that you are not you are not referring to the right source alright okay it's very weird right you say you tell people according to Martina 2010 no page right it creates the suspicion or no on you mean no date no date is okay in a way but again not a good practice I know website biasa blog you know newspaper sometimes they don't put a publication date rule of thumb for scholarly citation as I've seen in academic writing the moment you have any suspicion on the date the pages don't use it yet find out first dig deeper this is how we check big news anyway right when you encounter certain like people forward use something you might want to do some background search search dulu search the title search the author okay I found it here so this looks more reliable then use the reliable one don't use when you are not sure alright okay same concept in in academic writing because when we when we present certain citation when we present certain evidence and we want to be convincing right not you put something and then hmm I'm not so sure about the date I'm not so sure about the page that it creates more suspicion instead of supporting your idea because it makes your argument even weaker sometimes right this is where those who write in this I'm in a very critical point like discussion and all that they use a lot of resources from blocks they will put like no day and all that then when you when you read it doesn't feel convincing at all because you're referring to sources which are not really reliable so that helps you to to get into that mode alright try your best to get the reliable one okay since since we are here if you go to google spoiler.com I like to use this one as a basis because I have I have a video on this as well which I will put in the link that later now if you if you sign in to google spoiler sometimes it automatically redirect you to.my up here right I always advise you to sign in to google spoiler so just sign in using on gmail or google.com because it helps you to quickly save things into your library just in case you you don't have time to read yet you just want to save so just you can just quickly save them and then you can come back to your to your and it's right here if I click my library I will be able to see the article that I have say right and then quickly quickly return again the reason is when you go to.my in the midst of search through the Malaysian traffic so go to google spoiler click this one go to google spoiler and then you will be redirected to the global one without the MY so it will not take into account the Malaysian traffic so you are not confined to what Malaysians are looking at and you are looking at the global traffic punya so you get more article sometimes right may not be all the time but sometimes you get you do get um you do get wider spread so that's the first thing so when you search for article let's say if I put here right generalism and all that for example if you are looking for article let's say I put here first 2016 this is how you confine the year this one this is so underrated a lot of people do not bother to click this let's say and you couldn't download the article you might want to click this all two version or whatever version alright then you will redirect you to different version like this one you can see this person uploaded here and uploaded here it means I should be referring to the one by Taylor and Francis not this one okay so same thing here so like all four version I will know where this is uploaded so I will go for the most reliable one like this one I have in the academia I have in E-Prain and all that so it means that let's say I jumpa the teleakademia and then the article is not complete maybe right like this one suddenly I get this but I don't have let's say I don't have this this I don't know where it comes from then I will search and then I go for the main source so this is where I will know okay this come from this journal so it's okay but this this author is good because he uploaded the same article that you can get all the information here so every time you get an article PDF whatever check first whether you get all the detail like this one the page number is clear right the details of the journal is there publish is there everything is there so you are sure that this is this is a proper journal alright okay so that's for scholarly for Google Scholar and all that you can quickly check through data lah alright in the in the resources that I will yeah so any questions so far for the citation and references let me go back to this one quickly so that's for that is for journal for website yeah for website website this one I purposely put website okay for website or any downloadable staff by right the the date here should be the full date right the full date the format is like this 2010 June 1 so if you go to the news article online let's say you're referring to the staff then you have to put the date exact date not the year only but if you encounter some downloadable resources which doesn't specify the date then you can go for the year okay then you can go for the year the minimum is the year lah in a way sometimes you can put June like this but as many information as you can for the for the for the for the date so sometimes they can say publish in June 2010 but you don't know when is the exact date so you just put like this alright then the title then retrieve from HTTP da da da actually no dot here remove the dot there's no dot at the end so retrieve from there's no more retrieve date right since 6th edition no more retrieve date except for this one even for even for the no date alright no more retrieve date just immediately retrieve from okay this is what who as in a Martina as is now no date alright again no date or public you use it when you really really really really really need to use this like this one let's say you're referring to visit Malaysia page if you go to the link there's no date then fine because you need that information from the visit Malaysia page right if there's no author no date that's even worse so try not to use it try to find other sources use it when you really really have no choice right okay so arrange the arrange the references in alphabetical order like this arrange A, B, C, D like no no number and then there's a link to the English version this is the link to the English version I'll share in the in the link that I will give you later for all the things alright but the APA citation or format referencing format it's always good to have that manual of you or if you don't have it you can always refer to the link that I give you because from time to time you might want to check in the Google Scholar page they do have this function you don't need additional software I personally do not subscribe to any software for citation because I love to do it manually but if you if you if you do want to use it just use something like this let's say like if I what just now this one there's a there's a icon there there's the colon icon here sorry, not colon the quotation mark icon here right there's an APA format here given to you already all right now normally if the article is good published by reliable sources the the information is complete like this but notice that something is not right with this title then the surname study TWSHI right meaning something is not right with this the name but you can still copy this into your Microsoft Word as a guide then you click this one and find out who are the the the author in this case the author is an institute so instead of putting it in the form just now like this one instead of putting it like this then you should be putting the the full name of the group then notice the title as well the name of the journal it's not it's not capitalized so it should be capital C capital T as well so at least this one is the guide then apabila anda menyebabkan secara sebenarnya anda tahu bagaimana berubah anda tahu bagaimana menyebabkan jadi seperti yang itu tidak ada DOI jadi anda mungkin mahu mempunyai DOI dan memasukannya ke dalam pilihan anda jadi ini sudah cukup baik sebenarnya tanpa menggunakan software lain menderlay dan sebagainya jadi cukup baik jika anda mempunyai menderlay anda boleh menyebabkan dan menyebabkan file ke menderlay dan kemudian anda akan mempunyai yang sama sebenarnya anda akan mempunyai yang sama kerana ia mempunyai bagaimana artikel ia membuat dalam versi PDF okey okey jika anda menyebabkan anda jika anda menyebabkan periksa google anda hanya menyebabkan star ini kemudian anda akan menjelaskan peribadi anda okey anda akan menjelaskan anda akan menjelaskan peribadi anda kemudian jika saya menjelaskan peribadi saya saya akan dapat menjelaskan artikel ini lagi ini adalah beberapa pilihan untuk anda menyebabkan sekarang bagaimana anda tahu bahawa artikel ini perlu dikatakan atau tidak anda juga dapat menjelaskan periksa seperti ini artikel kita akan kata ia berkaitan dengan apa yang anda lakukan dan kemudian ia menjelaskan oleh banyak orang dan kemudian anda tidak menjelaskan artikel ini sesuatu yang tidak betul betul? kita lihat anda menjelaskan periksaan tentang pertahanan wanita bla bla bla dan kemudian anda menjelaskan artikel ini yang di luar atau di mana tetapi semua yang besar seperti menjelaskan oleh 1,000 sesuatu anda tidak menjelaskan di mana-mana atau ini penjelaskan yang sangat menjelaskan anda tidak menjelaskan di mana-mana dan sesuatu ia tidak betul jadi lihat semua ini seperti seperti saya menjelaskan untuk anda menjelaskan apakah artikel ia okey atau tidak untuk dikitar betul? dan kemudian untuk mereka yang melakukan penghantaran dengan penjelaskan atau yang perlu melakukan periksaan di luar dan sebagainya anda hanya perlu menjelaskan periksaan ini periksaan yang berlaku dan kemudian anda akan menjelaskan semua periksaan yang berlaku dengan sebuah kawasan untuk anda jadi anda boleh menjelaskan periksaan tanpa meminjelaskan satu-sat satu betul? jadi ia akan membantu anda menjelaskan periksaan anda ketika anda melakukan periksaan digital okey? ini adalah kata-kata untuk anda memperbaiki juga seperti yang anda lalui artikel ini anda tidak benar-benar faham apa artikel ini mencari apabila anda mencari anda mungkin mahu mencari artikel ini dan melihat bagaimana orang bercakap tentang artikel itu anda tidak anda tidak mencari artikel ini anda mahu menjelaskan artikel ini untuk contoh betul? tapi anda tidak benar-benar tahu lihat baga baga baga baga mereka betul? jika mereka hanya menjelaskan satu periksaan ia mungkin tidak baik-baik tapi kadang-kadang jika anda melakukan periksaan ini anda dapat melihat bagaimana orang menjelaskan periksaan yang mereka lalui tentang artikel itu jadi itu membantu anda memahami artikel yang anda lalui jadi ia selalu bagus menyebabkan ini juga okey? okey itu adalah periksaan dan periksaan saya harap itu menjelaskan banyak perkara jika anda mempunyai banyak pertanyaan patut menyebabkan saya nanti jadi saya akan bergerak sekarang ia tentang periksaan periksaan dan periksaan itu membuat banyak masa tapi ini adalah periksaan sekejap dalam periksaan akademik cuba memberikan periksaan yang benar beri periksaan seperti yang mungkin seperti yang saya beritahu anda tadi apabila anda memberikan periksaan ia patut menjelaskan betul? jangan memberikan periksaan yang baik tanpa menjelaskan dan apabila anda memberikan semua periksaan dan periksaan yang anda memilih ia patut menjelaskan maksudnya bila kita menuju kepada selata sumba sumba terseba haro dan kita akan mengawal penyelaskan kita bukan menjadikan penyelaskan kita makin lemah atau mencari kejutan yang baik adalah periksaan yang diberikan setiap kali periksaan yang diberikan periksaan yang diberikan penyelaskan dia lebih teruk membuat penyelaskan dia lebih teruk kerana penyelaskan itu betul? untuk contoh ini ini adalah contoh yang baik bagaimana bagaimana kita melihat perkara jadi kita lihat contoh ini anda tidak perlu membaca hanya segera menjelaskan betul? ini adalah baga banyak menjelaskan yang telah dan kemudian anda melihat hanya satu situasi yang saya tidak mengatakan tentang quantiti tetapi jika anda menjelaskan dengan penyelaskan ini ada banyak penyelaskan yang menjelaskan bermakna membuat banyak penyelaskan dan tidak membangkinkan maksudnya banyak penyelaskan tidak menjelaskan betul? sekarang internet telah menjadi sebuah kebenaran bla bla bla betul? dan kemudian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa orang lebih suka menggunakan internet untuk mendapat informasi tetapi ada banyak masalah dengan menjelaskan ini okey masalah pertama adalah tidak sepatutnya membangkinkan sebuah kebenaran dalam akademik yang saya fikir jika saya menjelaskan dengan penyelaskan ketiga saya tidak tahu apa yang anda cuba lakukan saya tidak tahu fokus anda sesuatu tidak benar sudah jadi di sini apabila saya menjelaskan penyelaskan pertama tiga saya tidak yakin anda akan beritahu saya tentang media sosial anda akan bercakap tentang apa yang anda inginkan untuk beritahu saya sebenarnya anda tahu media sosial menjelaskan platform tidak yakin betul? jadi biasanya anda akan beri dengan cepat dalam satu atau dua kebenaran dengan penyelaskan ketiga kita harus berjumpa ke tempat kita sudah mari kita katakan kes ini tentang penyelaskan online anda ingin bercakap tentang kebenaran atau penyelaskan online kemudian dengan penyelaskan ketiga kebenaran online sepatutnya di sana sudah tidak sampai akhir betul? seperti di kes ini ia mencukupkan sampai kemudian satu dua kebenaran kemudian kemudian hanya anda melihat kebenaran penyelaskan contoh tetapi ia tetap jadi ini adalah satu masalah dengan dua penyelaskan anda berkata penyelaskan telah menunjukkan lebih banyak orang menghubungi penyelaskan online untuk mendapatkan kebenaran dan mental tetapi anda hanya memberikan satu kebenaran dan saya tidak pun tahu apakah kebenaran ini beritahu saya tentang ini atau itu jadi apabila anda gunakan kebenaran seperti penyelaskan bermaksud ia perlu lebih daripada satu sekurang-kurangnya dua baiklah jadi anda perlu mencukupkan seperti kebenaran kebenaran atau jika anda tidak yakin jika banyak penyelaskan ini telah kebenaran sehing seperti penyelaskan kebenaran dan penyelaskan 2008 menunjukkan bla bla bla kemudian kerana hanya satu apabila betul itu adalah perkara yang anda menunjukkan jadi saya hanya menghubungi kebenaran kemudian masalah yang lain adalah yang ini penyelaskan mereka penyelaskan jadi bagaimana anda tahu mereka penyelaskan okey jadi apabila anda menggunakan semua ini penyelaskan anda perlu menghubungi dengan penyelaskan dan tiada penyelaskan di sini untuk berkata bahawa bagaimana anda tahu mereka penyelaskan apabila anda menunjukkan dan ini ini bla bla jadi di bawah sebuah perkara yang lain masalah yang lain setelah anda menunjukkan anda tidak ada kebenaran yang tidak jelas atau di mana anda berkembang apa yang anda akan beritahu saya sebenarnya jadi jika anda ingin beritahu saya tentang kemungkinan penghubungan online kemudian ia sepatutnya sepatutnya sepatutnya kita panggil ini tisit tisit penyelaskan kenapa kita menulis tisit kerana tisit adalah kawasan kita yang kita mahu untuk menghidupkan fokus skor betul jadi perkara yang sama dalam sebuah penyelaskan tisit sepatutnya di depan jadi sepatutnya sepatutnya dipercayakan seperti apabila anda katakan ia sepatutnya penting untuk menjelaskan perkara ini saya tidak pasti apa perkara yang anda menunjukkan betul percayakan perkara ini dengan perkara ini perkara ini sekarang dan kemudian perkara ini perkara yang sama tapi cara berlainan selama tahun pukul online teknologi untuk beri penyelaskan anda akan berlainan kemudian saya tahu apa yang anda akan lakukan dan kemudian anda ada dua perkara yang berlainan untuk menghidupi anda walaupun beberapa penyelaskan fikir ia membawa lebih berharga daripada baik lihat? beberapa dua sekurang-kurangnya dua okey? tetapi menurut perkara yang berlainan dan lain-lain anda lihat apabila anda mahu menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan menurut perkara yang berlainan dan kembal penyelaskan telah menjadi sepatutnya dan lain-lainan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan anda akan menunjukkan perkara yang berlainan saya katakan bahawa sebuah rotasi segera tidak bagus sebab semuanya dihidupkan segera tidak ada syintasi atau sumber yang tidak ada dan pembentangan klien yang mempunyai syarikat untuk meningkat tahun jadi anda menghidupkan syarikat jadi setiap kali anda katakan sesuatu untuk meningkat, anda menghidupkan syarikat dengan kita kemudian anda memberikan poin dalam perjalanan ini, ia dihidupkan bahawa ia akan mempunyai istimewa yang penting perhatikan bahawa perkara yang ia dihidupkan adalah menggunakan kenapa? untuk dihidupkan bermakna anda belum menghidupkan ini, tapi ia dihidupkan atau anda mempunyai perkara ini untuk dihidupkan anda tidak berkata bahawa ia akan mempunyai istimewa yang penting anda tidak akan tahu sehingga anda lakukannya jadi perkara ini bagus dan kemudian yang terakhir, seharusnya, anda perlu memperkenalkan pembentangan keadaan dalam perkara ini jadi perkara yang penting akan dihidupkan keadaan ini, keadaan mental dan kerja sosial maaf okey? jadi ini adalah bagaimana anda harus menulis pembentangan anda pembentangan, jelaskan, jelas anda tahu apa yang anda lakukan dan kemudian perkara sub-sequen, saya akan tahu apa yang anda akan lakukan anda akan pergi untuk perjalanan online dalam perkara ini, jadi saya akan tahu ok, saya tahu, ok sekarang saya mencari kepada anda, beritahu saya perkara pembentangan online jelaskan dengan perkara ini, tidak ada pembentangan yang jelas dan apa yang anda sedang beritahu saya, okey? setiap kali anda cuba berlainan dari perkara yang satu ke perkara yang lain, cuba berikan keadaan yang berlainan apa yang akan berlainan seperti perkara ini, sebabnya, ia penting untuk mencari saya tidak tahu apa yang anda beritahu sebagai perkara ini tidak ada keadaan, saya perlu beritahu setiap kali anda memasukkan pembentangan anda untuk beritahu dan beritahu dan beritahu ia bukan perkara yang baik ia bukan perkara ekonomi yang baik okey? okey? jadi ini adalah perkara yang sesuai keadaan dengan perkara yang sesuai adalah perkara dalam keadaan jadi anda perlu beritahu lagi tidak cukup dengan beri satu perkara dan cuba cuba beri perkara di luar dan di luar lagi anda perlu berada di dalam bagaimana anda berada di dalam? lagi, menggunakan pembentangan dan setiap perkara yang anda dapat mencari lagi, mencari untuk memperkenalkan pembentangan anda dan tidak memperkenalkan mereka jika anda memperkenalkan perkara, ia patut memperkenalkan bukan perkara yang baik mencari memperkenalkan banyak perkara, okey? dan kemudian memperkenalkan solid dan contohnya tidak sepatutnya lagi, cuba cuba memperkenalkan bukan hanya memperkenalkan jadi ini adalah satu perkara anda mungkin mahu membaca dulu dengan mudah ini adalah perkara yang tersebut bermaksud yang pertama tidak adalah pembentangan, ini adalah pembentangan yang pertama anda mencari penjaraan ini dan kemudian ini adalah pembentangan yang pertama ada banyak kemungkinan dari pembentangan online salah satu adalah ia boleh membantu orang bercakap lebih seronok dan membantu pembentangan untuk menjadi efektif dalam pembentangan ini adalah sangat tersebut pembentangan, bukan? memulai pembentangan pertama dan berkata, ada banyak kemungkinan dari pembentangan online salah satu adalah ia boleh membantu pembentangan yang pertama ini adalah cara pembentangan yang sangat tersebut atau membentangan pembentangan ia harus jika anda mahu kata, ia adalah pembentangan pertama hanya memperkenalkan pembentangan yang pertama itu akan menjadi lebih jelas tapi jika anda melihat ini ia memperkenalkan banyak perkara membantu orang bercakap lebih seronok ia akan menjadi lebih efektif mereka adalah dua perkara jika saya membantu pembentangan ini saya akan menunggu anda untuk beritahu saya lebih banyak perkara tapi jika anda membantu lebih jelas ia akan membantu pembentangan online yang baik untuk memastikan adil-adil-adil tidak dapat dikenalkan dengan mudah tiba-tiba yang ini tidak sangat bergantung dengan pembentangan pertama pembentangan akan lebih bergantung sebab mereka tidak perlu menggunakan pembentangan online dalam pembentangan online dan pembentangan jika anda mahu bercakap tentang ini mungkin pembentangan pertama saya suka pembentangan yang tidak bergantung hanya untuk membuatnya lebih jelas kemudian anda akan berkata Bikin Ray berkata bahawa saya akan memperkenalkan apa yang mereka ingin berkata ini baik Bikin Ray berkata apa yang anda kata anda kata orang lebih mahu bercakap dengan pembentangan online kerana mereka boleh mengubah identiti dan mereka boleh bercakap dengan pembentangan atau psikiatris dan sebagainya tanpa memperkenalkan identiti yang dikenalkan terbaik apabila membuat Wenger 2008 pembentangan yang kita periksa dan kita cuba memperkenalkan keadaan baru sudah membuat para kebiasaan dengan pembentangan ini milk walaupun nampak tetapi tidak terbentuk pembentangan pembentangan yang baik ini dengan pembentangan yang baik pembentangan yang baik dapatieran tidak akan seringi dengan pembentangan So, dia jadi macam tak bagus. Jadi lemah. So, this situation make the online counseling session to be more effective as client. Again, this is repeated. You look at the last line, it's repeating. Four topic sentence. Topic sentence is how you start the point. Confusing unrelated. I would have used Wenger maybe in another point. I would have split this into two. I will focus only on Anna Meti. And then the last sentence also not so good because it's creating a lot of confusion. Then compare that with this one. Clear, right? The first impact of online counseling is in its ability to increase the level of anonymity. Then I know what you want to talk about. You want to highlight only on this one. Increase the level of anonymity. Previous studies on online counseling shows that this is a good way to say that you have read a few, not just one. Then you put the two citation here because previous studies, right? Shows that counseling session done online improve clients willingness to share due to anonymity, especially where asynchronous tax description will use. Then you elaborate further. You say asynchronous tax. What do you mean, right? The online mode provide clients the opportunity to expand and sell more freely as mentioned by Beacon Way. Written communication, which is the tax. Allow client to consider what they are saying and revise the statement without worrying about it coming out or wrong. This in turn made the client feel more comfortable. So you're trying to elaborate further, right? And then you're comparing it face-to-face interaction, right? Then you back it up further. Identify what they call the disinhibitation effect where clients or counselors pointing themselves in a combination environment. So it's still backing up the point of anonymity. We're still backing up this one. Okay? And then look at the last sentence. Therefore, practitioner believe that this interaction help them to work faster, be less repetitive and more efficient. Well, if you notice the line, this line, therefore, bla-bla-bla is actually leading to the next point. All right? So when you end your first point, the last sentence is giving me the hint of the next point. So in this case, I will know that later on you will tell me how the next impact of online counselling is this one, making it more efficient and less repetitive and all that because the last sentence is giving hint for the next point already, right? This is smooth, right? In terms of ideation. So for you, something for you to consider. I'm not saying that this is really a perfect writing or really, really good writing, but if you can write like this to me, it's very clear already, right? It's very good to justify the point already. And then the transition from one point to the other is also there, right? So try to practice this in your writing. Some useful phrases, you can get this, I'll have the list, pull this, right? A bit of extra tip, this is R, Redisplicate Redundancy. I think you have seen this many times, but I just want to tell you. So once you have your draft, read through any redundancy, any repeated sentences or repeated, same idea different way or cliche, just crap it, right? Just delete and then, you know, or reword it. Example redundancy or like this one, pass history, words like pass history. There's no history in the future. So history is enough. Free gift, if you say it's gift, it should be free, right? Attached together. There's nothing which is not, if you attach something, it has to be together. It cannot be attached, not together, right? Brief summary, summary is already brief, right? A true fact, a fact is already true and whatnot. There's so many redundancy in our languages that we keep on using. At the present moment in time, you can just use the word now, all right? Or by definition, this means that the word imply is the same thing. By definition, say away the meaning, all right? So a lot of redundancy that you can take out. Macam di dalam basmai juga we suka melewah. There's so many sentences that we melewah-lewah, you know, keep on dragging. We can just cancel out and then go straight to the strong point, right? Some idioms especially are good. Some, but if you overuse in academic writing, it becomes annoying. All right? This is not like a PMR essay, especially, no teacher will force you put more idiom, put more idiom, you know? Put all the saying inside. In academic writing, unfortunately, the more you use it, it becomes very annoying, all right? So, and some omelation to be fair, these are some of the words by who or by group and parcel in a slightly nowadays, you know, every time you want to talk about latest friend, you will say in this globalised era, in this IGD era, same thing. So, and then the suggestion is always cooperation from all parties. This is very weak, very unconvincing way or giving suggestion. Suggestion should be very specific to whatever you have mentioned, Daddy. Cannot be so general, right? Last one. Last part. We were running out of time. Last part is effective structure. It goes with the one I told you just now. When you organise writing, introduction, body and conclusion, make sure, you know, if everything is clear in terms of the progression, it has to be clear, right? Introduction. The introduction tells me what you want to write, body, we elaborate the point. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and then the conclusion. Clear. Everything is clear. Smooth, right? But when you are starting off your essay, it's always hard to decide what to write next. So, having a rough outline would be good. What to do outline there after you're not focused. And then once you put everything there, then you do the restructuring. That's why I put effective structure as life. To me, you don't have to be bothered about the structure yet because you have to write the point first, the key things first. Then you worry about the structure. Then barulah I treat this as like a lego. So, you treat every blocks of the lego as like your point, point, point, point, point, point. You find a lot of articles, write it out first. Do it habit. Find one article, read, write it out, summarize one part, save it somewhere in the same doc, even then put it in the document. Then once you are done with all the parts, all the blocks, you organise it. Put the structure, this is introduction. This should come in the body. This should come in the conclusion. Because if you keep on starting for introduction, you will not move. And then you will tell people, I cannot write. I have mental block. I don't know where to start. The world has changed a lot. We are in the disruptive era. So, you don't have to organise like I have to write introduction first and then go blah blah. But even those are doing by research. You don't have to start with chapter one all the time. You can start with chapter three first. You can even start with chapter five first. Or whatever you feel comfortable first. And then you do the effective structuring. Like for, this is for example, I always love to start with chapter three. People will tell you why don't you start with literature review. Because to me, literature review is something which is compulsory already. We have to do it anyway. So as you read, you compile, compile, compile, compile. But you don't have to bother about how to structure the literature review first. Bother about how you want to conduct your study for the methodology first. I mean this is for me. So I will even that I have gathered during the process, then I will use it for my literature review. Because literature review it's not about it's not about writing. I mean, literature is the easiest chapter to write because you're not writing new ideas. You are just summarising what people have told you. To me, the most difficult chapter to write is actually the methodology to me. Because the methodology, if you don't convey it nicely, people do not understand what you're doing, the whole research collapse. This is how you fail research because the methodology is not solid enough, not strong enough. Literature review you can always revise, revise and rewrite the flow and all that. And a lot of examiners sometimes they just keep the literature review but I know. They will just glance through. They will go and attack your chapter 3 first. But you are so worried about your chapter 2 that it doesn't show any progression. Reading, I'm not saying that you shouldn't do literature review, you should. But the process of compiling you are reading all the articles anyway. So you read the articles when you are preparing for your methodology and all that. Just write out treat it like a Lego. One paragraph a day, one article, one paragraph will help a lot. You can finish your whole literature review in no time because if you practice that habit but if you want to cram everything like 100 articles and you want to do literature review now, that's not going to work. So this is some of the tips from this is for assignment or essay. I mean, I'm not talking about the whole thesis. If it's thesis, then you go by your chapter organization. But if it's a proper essay, then it should have the clear overview of the topic. This is statement to indicate the focus. Introduction should not be too long depending on the topic as well sometimes. But if you're talking about thesis, then introduction depends on how foreign you go to something new, you might need to have more info about the background because your examiner or your potential examiner may not really know what you're talking about because you're eventually into something new. But if you're talking about something which has been done for quite some time, you're just looking at the new area, then your introduction shouldn't be that long. You might want to focus on more in education. It's been done for so many years. So in your introductory chapter, you don't have to tell me like 10 pages or what is virtual reality. Then after on the 11 page, then you tell me your context. It's a bit too late, right? So you might want to spend only one or two pages about the background or virtual reality and then go straight to the point. But if you're eventually into something new because people may not know what you're doing, then you might usually introduction should be brief enough for people to get the context. Then the body, make sure each point is focused given elaboration, provide evidences, and then the conclusion is to summarise the key point and provide This is something missing in a lot of writing, the last one, provide implication or suggestion. In conclusion, in writing essay, we should always learn to give a bit of implication and also suggestion, not the generic to help each other to solve this problem. Specific. Let's say you have done reading, you found out this and that, you found out five impacts of online counselling, so what? So what? So this is the part where you ask yourself so what? Let me see. Can you share writing problem? Ya, that one I will talk about maybe not now, the problem statement, I can share with me. In introduction, we indicate the topic and mention it has three advantages below by highlighting three advantages. Is Chinese style or not good? What do you mean Chinese style? Mention it has three advantages below highlighting three advantages. Because just now you mentioned Chinese style where we will say there are three objectives, there are three advantages, then this now one by one. So should we highlight it in the introduction that there are three advantages below, then first, second, third. No, we don't need to mention three advantages like you mentioned like very typical Chinese writing. Not really typical Chinese writing is a global trend for listing. Just that what I'm trying to tell you is you have to tell people that you're writing about advantages that has to be clear in the introduction. But you don't have to spell out the three. Don't do like there are three advantages of like you said just now. Number one, number two, just say there are you can mention there are three advantages of the cat or you can just say there are advantages like the one I showed you just now it doesn't mention the number it just say there are the impact of online counseling then you go you know your advantages paragraph by paragraph. So I don't have to count like how many but if you want to be clear sometimes it depend on the topic given because this one is essay I'm not talking about pieces I'm talking about essay but instruction given by your lecture is very specific the lecture say three so you have to convince them immediately in the introduction that you have three if you have five then you say five I mean that's the reason why the number is that or else you don't have to mention the number at all you can just say there are advantages of blah blah blah then later on in the body you can go one by one okay yeah I hope to answer that for problem statements since you know the question was raised about problem statement it's very hard for me to explain now I mean because the time is running out but problem statement part should be the problem statement not the background a lot of students confused between background and problem statement because when you read the problem statement is still going on to the background the problem statement part is where we understand the whole context of your problem some people don't like the word problem statement some people call it scope of the research in different convention different okay gap in research you know something like that problem statement and all that if you read through the method books a lot of research method books will tell you problem statement should only be one statement by right right but in most cases in writing problem statement will take up some pages maybe not too long one or two pages but the bottom line is that part is where we know about your gap the gap of your your research so what happened is in your background or in your introduction you can highlight the key areas that you're looking at blah blah blah you know the background information about what you're doing to do but when I lead into the problem statement this is where you narrow down the scope so you can talk about let's say virtual reality has been studied here and there blah blah blah and then you slowly lead in and tell me that your area of study it has not been well studied yet when I read this line when I hear or when I you know when I read this sentence or introduction I will know that you are leading me to the problem statement already but it's not enough by saying the typical one it will be you know lack of research limited research no research and all that because to me this is already quite overused and it has it has become a cliche you shouldn't be worrying about whether there is lack or not you should be telling people study has done on this but they look into this study has been done on that they look into that what you're going to do is you're going to look into an idea you don't have to keep on saying it's lack of research lack of research because everyone seems to claim that everything is lacking if you read 100 pieces everyone is lacking then you'll be wondering so everything is lacking means which one is new which one is old so my point of view in terms of problem statement issue highlight the problem that you're trying to solve not so much about what people like directly just tell people point blank you know this person done this in this area found this this person found that this person found that and what I'm doing now is this one good enough right because by reading that people will know already whether you're venturing into something new or something already being done many many times you know I don't even have to read your problem statement to know whether the topic has been done right because sometimes by reading the front part we kind of know whether you are venturing into something new or repeating or eventing the real kind of thing so to get more tips can ask me further later for that part I'm not saying I'm good in that but that's how I view problem statement it should be revealing to people the problem that you're trying to solve how important is that problem in fact not so much about novelty because I think a lot of people are so obsessed about novelty in problem statement people will say what is new what is new I mean it's very hard for us to claim novelty these days just because you're doing it just doesn't mean as someone else in the world in the part well something is not right there's so many universities so many researchers out there you might as well highlight what people have done and then what you're trying to do and why you are doing this in the problem statement okay that problem statement area and then the aim should be clear this is where you decide your variable whatever you want to do in your research okay I think that's all yeah that's the final slide any question the tools this is the link that you can go to just go to this link bit.ly writing fskpm what happen is you will see this you will see this wait let me show this page go to bit.ly I will type it out in the chat sorry I reply privately okay okay this link bit.ly I think the fskpm so from there I will put up the thing this the slide for today I'll amend the slide a bit because there's some typo in the slide then this is the appear format in BM the English version I will just add the link in down here wait let me just add immediately in appear writing should we write side by side in a4 format like many articles what do you mean side by side can you elaborate on that side by side in what sense side by site two rows they always write two rows two rows how to how to say that a column column sorry columns ya ya ya actually that is not that is that is not APA so write in a normal way the APA is actually smooth one one one page if you want to follow you have to be clear by the way APA style has it's a publication style means it covers also the page numbering the way you organize page and all that what we are talking here is the referencing and citation part only right depending on your lecturers some that just may want you to write the whole thing using APA style in a way starting from the first page the running head the title the heading then you can refer to the APA style block where it will tell you let me share the link meaning you know even the heading everything if you follow APA they are different way you know they don't they don't use the normal style that we use alright so let me just type this sorry I'm showing you now okay if you go to this link this is a very famous Al I love this but do online writing lab I'm sure you have seen this so you can you can have some guide here what we are talking about is the general the reference list and all this if you talk about general writing if you click general writing this is the whole APA format right they will tell you the writing style in terms of the language right what else where is the format of the heading punctuation grammar mechanics like this one the many wait let me show you the format where is it the writing let me see maybe the APA everything here the one in the one that this link is already 7 editions so you can compare with the 6 editions if you want to right yeah this one the general format the font it will tell you what type of font like font 11 title page should be write the title page this is how it looks like you know and then this is this is the formatting that the running head the title page this is this is completely APA style right if you want to follow some journal follow this strictly so if they tell you to follow exactly the APA style from beginning to end then you will see from the format itself but in our case normally we only refer to the referencing style and citation only okay so this is the guy so I'll share this link later so you click you click on the you click on the like for example reference list basic rule it will tell you the basic rule right authors this is for this is the same that I did for the belay version but this is English alright so let me just put it here now down here it's all the tooth already there I already put up there I will not go through the tooth one by one because I don't believe I don't believe the tool will transform your writing meaning to say just because you use the tool suddenly your writing becomes good academic writing depends a lot on the way you read and interpret the ideas or the way you write just now if you learn how to like I told you write a statement back up with the with the proper evidences that is more important than getting the tools just to put the citation in in fact if you notice the citation how to put it the citation format everything you don't need any software to help you actually because it's already there so all the link the famous one like paraphrasing tools and many people sell this ask you to subscribe and all that but it's a good tool to help but don't treat all this tool as like something that will transform your writing become suddenly brilliant you still need sometimes to read and then use this tool to help you solve some problems only like for example this one paraphrasing tool paraphrasing tool is the tool to help you let's say I copy this sentence and I would like crew board to help me so I just put paraphrase crew board will try to paraphrase for me then by highlighting the thing that it changes so if you want if you want more in proficiency then you will try to change further then you can see some restructuring this is the free one if you go premium there are more you know more features but to me you use this as a guide to help you when you want to get some ideas to change do not directly copy this like suddenly use this and then copy and then suddenly expect your writing to be brilliant no use this as a help for you to get some ideas on how to how to change certain sentences or how to paraphrase certain sentences okay this is for English for Malay there is a Malay version not this one can't remember the name one company selling it I tried quite lousy because it just replace the replace the words only bottom line is read understand and know that that part is useful for to back up your point then you know write in your way of interpreting that to me is the most essential part in making to make writing not about impressing people with all the with all the all the all the number of citation quantity and all that but to to for start so it's good to back up every statement with a citation some people ask me how can you be original in your writing when a lot of things are citing from elsewhere you are not citing elsewhere just for the sake of citing right you only cite when you need them to back up your ideas to back up your points not to simply just how to put it just put it there because everything seem to be from from different sources okay so you can still be original in the way you write and back up it with your with your citation and references okay so there are many tools here this one used to be free I quite like this it's called a C it's called a C but it's you don't have the free version now in fact when you sign up you ask it for credit card but there are some Malaysian companies say what happen is it's called a C combine the article try to summarize for you again this is a this is also a wrong concept of using this tool suddenly your literature will become good no way alright you still have to read the article summarize and then try your best to try your best to link it up but this tool is good when you have a lot of articles to read this this tool will help you to link the relationship this is what I like about this tool so if you have a lot of articles to read this tool will help you to synchronize according to the topics and it will show you the relationship between different articles but if you do this manually you can always do like what I told you Google scholar at D2 click related articles and then try to check how how different people talking about the same thing now every time student tell me I cannot find something about this I always reply you have not tried hard enough it's impossible that something that you are trying to do right but but access to those things may not be applicable so I always advise you maybe you want to make use of the library right Patari has access to a lot of databases even a chat network with other libraries in the world including all the libraries in Malaysia so do that kind of search first don't rely on Google scholar alone or don't rely on Google itself a lot of student they go to Google scholar they can't find then they claim there's no no one has done this before how sure are you right always has that mentality of justifying whatever claim you try to do okay any other question before we end I think that's all we will shoot the time already the this page is there so you can just you can just browse through the link that I give you later right again my hope for all of you is when you when you're in a mode of improving your in a mode of info improving academic writing style don't don't treat like tools will change everything right like the famous saying again right you know a tool for a full is still a full right because if you do not know how to use the tool you still can't improve right so bottom line get the mentality straight that you want to improve the writing read through what people have done and try to diversify the way you change certain sentences cuba ubah sikit gaya kita memperzebankan that point kita put up some citation evidences to back up our ideas not enough by just making claims right making general claim because this is not this is no longer PMR or SPM level kind of essay where you can just make any claims you like without evidences or support okay any other questions I will upload the this session online then you can go back to the same thing just now bit.ly.ry writing FSKPM to see the to see the video here alright any question clear could I do also can we ten turn again that one Nora upon Nora will show it any other question hope it's guys do you have any question to to Mr. Kiman if there's any doubt please let me know theoretical problem statement same thing sarina same thing tell people apa yang you you have read whatever you have read about the theory usually what we do in problem statement for theoretical we try to show the contradiction perbezaan pendapat mungkin A kata teori teori baik B kata teori baik cuba kontroversial point of view tentang teori bukan tentang perkara yang baik sesuai misleading kadang-kadang bila kita buat pesan bila kita kata problem statement tiba-tiba semuanya bagus keperluan keperluan keperluan akan membantu keperluan keperluan keperluan keperluan jika semuanya bagus maksud awak maksud saya apabila awak buat problem statement perbezaan menunjukkan bahawa orang lakukannya dan itu tetapi area untuk perbaiki tempat yang kita boleh perbaiki atau mereka melihat perbezaan sama bahkan perbezaan teori juga menunjukkan idea tiga bukan semua orang akan mempercayai A akan mempercayai B akan mempercayai dan sebagainya betul keperluan kalau sekadar berbezaan ini paling tajuk kalau keperluan masyarakat mungkin akan terjadi jika keperluan PHD jika awak cakap perbezaan teori itu memang tak cukup bukan cukup hanya sebab awak buat study di Malaysia dan awak cakap bahawa tiada siapa yang pernah di Malaysia atau even dia tak membuat perbaikan terbaik maksudnya awak mempunyai pun jika awak melakukan beberapa perbezaan jeografi sepatutnya lebih daripada perbezaan jeografi contoh jika awak cakap penutupi dan terbentuk seperti perbezaan terbentuk dan terbentuk awak tak patut menghormati perbezaan terbentuk perbezaan terbentuk adalah pindah untuk memahami dalam perbezaan terbentuk key thing is the access to knowledge, not the rural area itself. So when you reword that way, it sounds more convincing than just saying, I'm doing this research because I don't know what legity rural area. You can mean doesn't sound convincing. But if you say access to knowledge in rural area is very problematic, student may not be able to get connected to the world. So they have insufficient blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, right? And study so far have not looked into this area or maybe they have looked into the area of access to knowledge, but they forgot about other variable like ADCT, for example, then you might want to go deeper into that problem. It's not enough by just saying, oh orang tak buat lagi rural, so tak nak buat rural. How do you know? All right, how sure are you? All right, orang tak buat lagi di kampung saya. Then I will ask you kenapa kena buat di kampung awak? All right, orang tak buat lagi di Seraawak. Kenapa kena buat di Seraawak? Or how different is research in Seraawak and in Kelantan, for example. What is the important part? It's not the geographical part. It's the differences that you should be highlighting. It's the key variable that you should be highlighting, not just the geographical differences. I want to take, because every time I read, this is just part lah. Even if you ask examiner, you buggy examiner, they will settle that the samsara. Just because it's done in somewhere and then you want to do it in Malaysia, it doesn't warrant study to be very important. There must be something about the area that you're studying. Let's check the kampung awak. What is so special about the kampung, maybe? Then that should be highlighted, not the kampung itself, or not the location of the kampung itself. You get what I mean or not? I know what you're trying to tell me, but the way you write it, the way you position it matters more than that thing. So kadang-kadang bila you read the statement, kajik ini telah dijalan di perbagai negara, tapi belum lagi buat di Malaysia. Just throw kajik ini nak buat di Malaysia. That's a bad one, right? That's not enough. It should be highlighting what is so special about Malaysia that this study should be done in Malaysia. In terms of maybe perbezaan kaum, perbezaan ideologi, that should be the highlight, not the locality. Boleh farm? I hope that, I mean that clear. But you can always consult your supervisor, I'm sure a lot of lecturers have done this many times and they have examined many this year. So they will tell you that it's a weak point in highlighting. Even if you want to do in certain geographical location, you have to be so convincing that it's worthy to study that area and why. There must be a reason why. Workshop or systematic review, I'm not sure if I have time, but there's so many people doing systematic review already. So you probably can join some. I have some videos on all this thing. I have like how do you like to discuss it and all on my YouTube channel. I will be sharing one on the, this is your review soon. I have done one, but I didn't put it up online, but I'll just put it up online. So maybe that would help, but you can join other workshops. I mean, there are so many experts out there that you will be able to learn from. I also joined them as well in a lot of webinars. Any other question? If no, then I'll pass to Panora for the scanning. Okay, thank you so much everyone for coming for this klinic writing workshop. I hope you guys learn a lot here, me too. So once again, boleh kita give a big applause to Mr. Kiman. Tak tahu dengan ketak. Okay, thank you so much. Mr. Kiman je. And sometimes, lebih mudah hasilnya. Thank you so much. Asap saya punya invidation.