 I'm gonna and everyone can hear me. That's great. Thanks a lot for the video guys and Well, I have a tablet. Yeah, of course we can do that and yeah, well, okay, now it works Okay charging stations. That's what it looks like I have some numbers by the side. I'm from the countryside by Hoosom near the Danish border. That's the region where There's a wonderful public transportations and that means four to five per day and that's the flat country where you really have to have a car. Otherwise, you can't get around and Here in North Frisia. We're quite good the numbers show The goal of the federal government hasn't been reached yet, but we are halfway there All right, the following is very important There's electricity coming out of his charging stations quite a lot and it's quite dangerous. Don't touch it And I I brought some photos and Okay, there's a questions to the to the audience who used to charging stations to charge his car And that's more than than in other congresses or conferences. Congratulations. It's not 100% But we have to work on that but the photos show that show how How that can look and there are cities like Berlin who said Charging stations have to be gray so so you can't see them and There are some pictures showing that and so what can happen if you make a mistake Okay What can happen to others if you make a mistake and I'm calling to Do interesting and exciting things with charging stations, but don't take away people's mobility That would be a good thing and mobility is about as important as the internet More or less important than the internet. That's open to discussion, but here are three three rules according like like the Three laws of robotics by Asimov and please respect those rules So there are five small topics So what's the construction of an electric vehicle then DC charging and AC charging and how can we pay for that? So this is what an electric car looks like How How is it made you take a combustion engine car and Remove the combustion engine and put in an electric engine an electric motor And It's quite exciting because an electric motor is Usually has one moving part and that's the rotor and there are two ball bearings and a very important part is missing the Transmission is not necessary. That's very nice for the user because it cannot break down There's no oil in it and many other parts that can always break down are missing There are no cylinder heads no crankcase no exhaust We have nothing of that electric motors are maintenance free more or less the thing So everything There is part of the car That's what the industry calls all the thing that is not the Drive train and then we need the battery There's in the Tesla as there are thousands and thousands of battery cells Okay, the motor Usually they are asynchronous motors no brushes and No wear and tear and there are some Exceptions and if it's it's whining there's a DC motor and that will break down soon. Don't buy such a car batteries Short word about batteries the lead acid batteries. They're still used because they are cheap And you can exchange them at home nickel catmium We'll cover that with the Port of history and there in the Toyota Prius. They are still nickel metal hydride. This is old technology and Very important if you ever heard about a zebra battery It uses molten salt and it has to be heated to 200 to 300 degrees. Otherwise. It doesn't work There's one car using that. It's this think city Otherwise They are used in military torpedoes with molten salt and the market standard is lithium-ion batteries Different variants. They are Different sorts of chemistry for lithium-ion batteries. They have they have different voltages and other Some other properties, but that's not the topic for today important to know for at home is the Charge Charging voltage Depends on the cell type, but I didn't want to open the battery of my car because it's somewhat dangerous This is the battery from an electric bicycle and you can see these are lithium-ion cells. This is a type 18 1650 This is the length and the diameter. That's the same thing basically in the car. Just a lot bigger How can I charge such a battery? There's a sheen called CC few There are three steps the first First attack a whole battery this 1000 parts I'm going to a concert voltage and put it as much voltage as I can do At some point we have the the fine point arised and then we change from concert circuit to concert water to concert Unusually keep this concert watered until it reached one over 10 C. What is the CC? Is this rate of charging? That recovery I measured in a pair hours when I have a battery with 10 ampere hours We now charge it for 10 that takes one hour. This one see So one over 10 C is one up here The third part for big batteries. We have the battery management system All these cells are a little different And that's not good And that's why for good batteries every cell will be put on the same level What's the easiest way to do this? We can buy such a laboratory things and put into a series until we have reached this point Some people in Chicago and do this. That's the most cheap way Find a charging session And nowadays cars you have 20 to 30 scale what hours From this we can calculate the Potivity you're not talking about something for a laptop, but more kilowatts many kilowatts There is some real thumb if your battery charge is one hour or less Then you are in the point where you have a damage of your cell The latest results in our lab shows that this not necessary to There are some e-cars which can charge really fast and like 30 minutes and the cell damage is not as bad as your result Charging in less than one hour. That's cool. That's one thing you want to reach Where do I watch every such a car at home? Of course in a charging station These are standard values, it's not clear if these are realistic values Where else do I want to charge them if I have a longer trip? Chairman's usually Travel 42 kilometers and it's reached for about two three days But if I was it my man granny in castle, then I have to recharge my car And this will be in the same range of like having a coffee and going to toilet once I'm at the destination It doesn't need to be a fast anymore I'm a charging station This charging station on a ship There are some problems if I want to recharge it fast Then I needed a charger, which is really powerful. These are really heavy and expensive First I could do I put this into the car. It would be it's expensive and heavy, but wherever I am In Europe we can do this almost everywhere in the US and in Japan. It's another thing and we don't want to Africa There I can recharge my cost very fast In principle, this would work here in this building But then my car is very expensive and most people do not like that That's why most of the producers do not put this into the car but put it in on the street and such I think I get a thing station and then we fill this with this This means I need less of chargers because you can share them with other users So Jay charging station is about 40,000 years. That's why you don't have money of them This is one is really absurd You can imagine it's like a box like what the size of a suitcase One say they have AC and on the other side right-hand side. There is DC coming out People use this which should not have a fast charging station This thing cost 16,000 the thing cost about 16,000 euros That's not really good alternative Yeah, right on some things about the What what the cars can actually reach Usually with AC it's about Three keywords That's the most beautiful charging station you can find That's the plug for the AC charging You can see there are seven pins five of them are just usual plugs Three phases to protection one star The two others are for data transmission. So what can you do about it? There's access to coming out of it This picture is for like from Why not just charging your phone in the city Everyone of us had this problem and you want to call someone and The charging station in Hamburg you just play football in there Now you have a problem you can't do this anywhere This is the the circuitry if you only have a simple Connection and the data protocol is extremely simple You can see the seven pins from the type two and you need a diode and resistor and I've written down the values for that if you Use that in the right way, then you get electricity And that's what it looks like And you can really Brew a tea during charging and the water is already Steaming and there's a Freifunk router and the LEDs are blinking And Besides that the cars also being charged. So if you have normal cars, they come with a charging cable and Which have the resistor inside the cable. That's the lowest resistor and it's not Doesn't go through the cable and the cable see P with a diode that goes through the cable up to the car So the car can say when and how it is being charged And we have to look at this again R2 says That's important because the data protocol is for the normal user and it says how What current the cable can take and that's why the resistors in the cable the system of car charging station and cable has to be can can maximally be Loaded with a certain amperage and the car knows how much it can take the cable can signal with the resistor how much it can take and What the station signals I'll show that in a minute So the station sends Pulse width modulated signal that's always one kilohertz and the pulse width says how much current the car can take from the station and you can you can charge controlled by the cloud who has a photovoltaic system and so there are some and whenever the cloud comes and the photovoltaic takes less and Then whenever there's a cloud you can tell the car don't take as much current and there are some steps But there's really a linear a linear dependency and you can with a second Precise timing you can change that and if you want to charge overnight There is an ISO standard, which I haven't read because it's very big and there's an open source project for that So this is from the practice when using this Circuit there are different Statuses different states and if you plug it in nothing happens and if the first Resistor and then you signal that the car is there and then you can connect a second resistor And then you will get current and why is that important the state of the car is now locked well in the station so little kids can't pull it out and Car ready can be skipped and you can go straight to charge now and on some stations. That is not possible you can with this cable you can transmit car ID and the car can Can excellent signal to the station where to send the bill With with a type 2 connector Okay for the station there is open hardware and I wrote down to there's Something from the US with digital technology and that works without processor just only with analog Technology and you can build it yourself. It's not very hard to do And there is one with a type 2 to make DC charging with a type 2 plug And there is a method that isn't according to the standard But and that's what Tesla does and Tesla does it the Microsoft way They take it to a type 2 connector and do something else and these connectors are very expensive they cost a hundred euros and Maybe someone from the audience can make that cheaper There's the open EVSE for those who want to build it. It's it's from the US and please please put in an Fi switch Type B because the type a doesn't fulfill European norms and now here's DC charging That's a Tesla supercharger and Please change your thoughts completely in the house. There's a transformer and a rectifier and It's just a in the front. There's just a little plastic house with a cable holder And what happens there with the DC charging? Connectors in the car are really directly the battery terminals and that's exciting and in addition there's also some data wires and Here's my battery this much this this voltage and this current and then it transfers control to the station And hey, the station could just blow up the battery or do something with it And what's there? You Have access to the battery terminals. There's 400 volts and you can do stuff with that For some cars there are ready-made products For a picnic for the house For a mobile home and never didn't think about this a lot But there are lots of high performance DC power stations and you can do Physical chemistry with it and and maybe silver plate some stuff and that's what it looks like This is the Charlie Moore connector. That's Japanese and means time for a cup of tea and Two high-performance terminals and a few data-wise and one of them is actually a canvas I Don't know about that, but some of the audience probably will and this protocol can do up to a hundred and fifty five kilowatts The usual is 50 kilowatts. There's one car that does a little more and You can buy the connector, but it costs more than a thousand dollars. Well, that's that's a pity With e-motorworks built a 3d model and printed it. That's very good And what's missing is in the shadow more ecosystem? What's missing is a device so to tap the the contents of the battery and And there's a device from home from a company in Hamburg, but it cost as much as the battery but it has to be cheaper and Plugs are missing so you can modify your own cars and the Counter part for the car itself and E-motorworks in the US also makes charging stations and shadow more adapter Adapter circuitry and you can get a charging station for four thousand dollars, but I haven't found any in Europe But they could work with European Power supply, but there's a problem with deliveries and Yeah, it has been paid but who looks at the shadow more protocol you can buy the protocol for a hundred and sixty dollars At the Japanese standardization organization This is the other DC charging standard. It's called DSS CSS combined charging system CCS and Some important parts are missing, but they are high high voltage Charging pins. It's a German invention and Because there already was a DC charging system shadow more and it was possible over the type 2 connector And why did you invent something new and I get Get a got the answer So they only have to have one plug, but you can't have to Nissan makes makes two and The technology is XML over IP over System form modulating the data onto the DC signal and You can buy the protocol here. It's a Dean specification at the Boyd Publishing company and there's a lot a lot else in there and in the CCS charging system. There's really Nothing available as open hardware or open software So paying That's a That's a nightmare and you can't get it free anymore. Those times are gone but they these are just from Schleswig-Holstein and I Covered the keys so nobody can replicate the keys from just from the photo and this device there you can pay there are just three plugs and Most of them are RFID cards. There are thousands of them and How do you get the RFID? Cards you go there with the combustion engine car and then With the combustion engine car you go back and then in the evening when you really Want to drive your car you can charge it then that's that's absurd. Isn't it and isn't there an app for that and The the guy from NFC gate isn't there, but that that should be possible There are some apps so I will Mainly about the system of RWE only works with apps. No one has checked them yet From the point of view of the users. It's absolutely obvious who are standing at this And rain standing there was completely wet and it didn't work. I hope that it was a So it's depending if you can go home only on this that's just stupid And then there's also roaming so you do not have to have 20 or 30 cards. You have one roaming app And so it would be great to have more It's really interesting because showing means every one of us Can sell this charge without having their own station So what about paying your electricity with bitcoins until the 31st 12th? I just say that In the last object We have you can skip this for 5,000 euros entry money So many things are broken Many things are broken, but we have a very interesting future That's the finishing that's how it looks like when it comes directly from the sun to your car And that was my talk if you have questions, please free to ask them So we have time for a few questions one from the IRC the first question is why aren't there and a way to pay with EC card That's a very good question I asked myself all the people Why is so won't they tell me that? the money have to pay for this is really expensive because It costs about two three or five euros and it's a pity Only a few people knew that this doesn't work That's for example because most of the banks you can pay with this easy cards isn't it cool around Lerard there is something new You can buy with contact free credit cards and in the Netherlands from the fast net There can pay wire credit card But you don't have to put it into the station, but to pay wire app They need an app, but you can have free Wi-Fi most stations Next questions from the microphone. Hello Small remark you talked about three different protocols You said Rve uses IEEE as a proprietary protocol This one even before that yeah here the IEEE 1901 is specified It specifies the green fire standard. So it's not proprietary. It's the same as CSS or ISO or the Dean Standard and the CCS protocol There was no open source implementation that is not quite correct. There is an implementation open BTG is Compatible to to the CCS standard things. I'd like to talk with you There's another question from the signal angel It's interesting to know which German cars can even compete with Tesla Tesla in terms of battery There's one exception Mercedes B-class They're comparable to Tesla because they're bought at from Tesla Next question. Hello You said in Germany, there aren't so many electric charging stations because they are so expensive Or maybe can you say something about why in the Netherlands? There are twice as many as in Germany There are only a few about this fast charging station because they cost about 40,000 dollars and in the Netherlands There are people that just buy that and there's a reason because the market in the Netherlands It's just five times bigger. You can see this on this numbers on this slide number two I brought a number you can see the real bottom New numbers new cars. It's 0.6% of the cars which are bought new And in the Netherlands you have 37 persons Then items more people are using this charging stations And also the in the Norway We have time for one short question Yeah Short question to the number of charging stations at the moment in Germany Do you know what it is in Germany about for five thousand four hundred? Most of them are the slow charging stations with AC January in Germany Yeah, it's okay ish It's not luxury, but still okay ish. It's really more very bad if you're in one boy, but then make them a football man but in general Jerry come from Brussels to Germany to Bergen The best you can look that up on in the internet