 Hello everyone. Thank you for organizing that you accept my presentation for this section. First of all, I wish to emphasize that current research has a very preliminary result. So, because a lot of, okay, step by step, I'll show you results and you will see that it's really interesting to consider about the origin of gravity in our region. And this is the region. Region is the Black Sea northern part was characterized by specific natural environment and therefore by diversity of primal life ways during the upper political period. There are the way of the different subsistence system as a result of different wave of adaptation. In this region, there are no mammoth-developing, no cave arts, no famous ballolithic Venus figurines. The cultural layers of the majority of archaeological sites are very specific. In suspended state, without floor, so it's very difficult to find the base level of cultural layer. And of course, with very bad presurance of organic. The problem, all these features and similarities and stone tools a lot separated this region like a special steppe zone. In 1960s, Petro Yefomenko and Pavlo Baryskovsky separate this steppe zone as specific area of development of the upper political culture, which was located between European glacial area and African Mediterranean region. This idea of existence of specific steppe region was not supported by Dr. Mariana Gvazdover and later by Dr. Galina Grigoryeva. They noted that all upper political sites in the region represented different technological traditions as well as culture and different way of their origin. Later, at the beginning of 1918s, Dr. Pavlo Baryskovsky clarified his opinion and he admitted that this historical cultural area, steppe zone, has such unformity of the stone tool kit. But subsistence and primal way of life was the similar for whole steppe region. By the way, despite the this clarification, the discussion regarding the steppe zone in the upper political is still being continued among the even modern archaeologists. So the argumentations of adherence that similarity of stone tools and the opponent consider flint tool kits are very different. The problem also considered the specialization of hunting, mostly by Bison. But opponents considered that find of bones of different animal species do not confront the specialization of hunting. And the same problem with settlement. But on the last 20 years, yes, last 20 years, the new technique of microstratigraphy by Dr. Natalia Leonova allowed to fix separate settlement episodes. And of course, the huge question, the term of occupation of this settlement. So, next, at the beginning of the 21st century, Alexandra Krotova attempt to synchronize the technocomplexes of the apocalyptic in the northern Black Sea region on the basis of calculation, calculating indexes of the main categories and types of tools by the famous method Sun V Board and Perot. And she made a definition for the 24 archaeological sites, including cultural layers, for multi-layered sites, and characterized data for three technocomplexes, Seletian, Orinyasian, and Gravetian. This data is applied for current research. But I tried to normalize this data because for network modeling, it's very hard to apply this raw data. So, the first stage of my research was to normalize data. For example, I tried to find the difference between this meaning and divide by one. So, it will be the data in the range from zero till one. And if we have the comparison between two nodes in green, it's very similar sites. And the red one is a very different site. So, and then I tried to apply. I'm looking for different, different software. And my colleague, data scientist, Lubovka Pustina, supports me that it will be very easy for archaeologists not so easy to apply Python and main libraries in Jupyter notebook. But Jupyter, it's very easy for archaeologists because it's helped to do not the code, coding work like programmers, but you're very easy to apply and add some, import some labs, libraries, pandas, math, networks, networks help to build the network and other one. So, the, for all sites of the, in our region, I calculate the node is the site and the ages is relationship in the indexes of technological indexes. So, in the result, I had the 171 ages between different ages between all sites. So, you can see here is 171 from one. Then, for all these sites, we tried to build a network and review. Of course, I should emphasize that the correlations between all sites, all the sites is different because of chronological chronological meaning. But you can see that, for example, Sagaidak for early stage period is absolutely different, very different from in other sites. And the same with Lisky site. So, this side of these two sites is connected with Orynesian complexes in our region. But it's hard to say about Muralivka and Zolotivka. If you see on the previous slide, it's pretty similar and connected with other regions. This is question, big question why Muralivka and Zolotivka is so connected. Maybe it's the question for further research. Maybe all archeological sites, epigraphy and epigraphy period are connected and was based on the ground of Orynesian origins. Because we have several hypothesis regarding the origin of epigraphy sites in northern Black Sea region. Also, very interesting data regarding the gravity and site Yamy. Yamy is typical gravity and site. But how Yamy is so similar with Zolotivka and Muralivka. It's also big question that regarding with origin of epigraphy in our region. Another interesting question regarding the gravitation in epigraphy sites in this region and how you can see as a result of a line of network analysis, Ambrosievka site is so different. But I also think about this why gravitation complex, epigraphy complex Ambrosievka is so connected with Valyka Akarja and Anetivka too. But on this graph, it's absolutely separate. Probably my idea that probably because of functionality of this site. Because Ambrosievka as you know, it's very famous site with base camp and kill site. We don't have such sites in our region except Ambrosievka. Maybe it's the question of functionality, not only cultural features. And then I tried to make build the network of whole sites, whole sites with gravitation features of two chronological stages, early and later ones. And I can found that on this steppe zone, we can see the cluster, different clusters of site nodes. Kamiena Balka, Kamiena Balka Odin one and two. And it's hard to explain why it's so connected with Minivsky Yartu, probably because of functionality too. And Ambrosievka, as you can see, it's also a separate site. But regarding to another sites of this region, yes, they show this very big similarity. And only for these sites we can say about the whole steppe zone in this region. But also I tried to analyze and on this data set, you can see the Minivsky Yartu, Kamiena Balka has crazy high similarities and how to explain it, probably because of functional. And Yanisol is very different from all sites because it's final polylethic period. And also I'm trying to analyze functional and cultural distribution, because we see the similarities here. It's typical for steppe zone, high connection and very similar connection between these sites. But how to explain this connection, Kamiena Balka and Minivsky Yartu, probably because of functionality. And also I analyze the final remains, because I do remember from the first slide that opponents said that a lot of animal bonds of different species we have in this region. But as you can see, the bison, bison horse and bison presented mostly on this mainly on this site. So my conclusion is, yes, I'm thinking about Gefi, I'm thinking about project. But I decided, yes, Python and GeoPyter will be very useful and easy to apply for non-computer science. So the main conclusion is that the early sites like Lesky and Sagaidak are very different, probably because of chronological distance. But during the middle phase of the upper polylethics, we can find separate cluster of the site. The next question for user research to explain, is it functional or cultural difference? And interesting observation regarding the origin of epigravation in this region, influence of Muralivka-type tradition of tool production, and influence of classical Yama-type tradition to tool production that supports the mixing hypothesis. So thank you for your attention.