 I welcome you all, once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Assistant Kanna Girls to be College, University of Lahabad and it is my email ID. The topic which we are going to discuss today is a very important topic in the field of psychology as well as educational psychology that is Fried's theory of personality, Sigmund Fried's theory of personality. So do subscribe my channel to get my future videos too and this lecture will be in bilingual mode that is beneficial for both English as well as in the medium students and be useful for various teaching examinations. So let's start. First of all, who was Sigmund Fried? Sigmund Fried. Fried was influenced by the work of the French neurologist Gia-Martin Charcot. Who had been interviewing women, women patients who were experiencing hysteria and Gia-Martin Charcot who was working on women patients who were working on hysteria. Among his many accomplishments is arguably the most far-reaching personality theory in psychology, the Friedian theory of personality. It has been the focus of many editions, modifications and various interpretations given to its core points. It has been the focus of many editions, modifications and various interpretations given to its core points. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. It has been the focus of many editions, modifications and various interpretations given to its core points. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. It has been the focus of many editions, modifications and various interpretations given to its core points. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. It has been the focus of many editions, modifications and various interpretations given to its core points. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. It has been the focus of many editions, modifications and various interpretations given to its core points. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. Fried's theory is being criticized by many. Then, despite many reincarnations, Fried's theory is being criticized by many. Everybody knows about id-evo and superevo, in consonants with fri-d, they are telling that the mind is three elements of it, id-evo and superevo, and they are the interactions and conflicts among the components. And the inner conflict between id-evo and superevo, the two elements of it, that is our personality. This is their theory. So, from here, we know that the small portion that you can see outside is conscious. The small amount of mental activity we know about, about which we know that the small amount of mental activity we know about, everything is conscious. Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried. If we try to be aware of what is below our consciousness, and what is unconscious, the big portion that you can see below is unconscious. Things we are unaware of and cannot become aware of. That means we are now aware of what is in our mind and we cannot be aware of what is unconscious. Then, what is id? id is part of the unconscious mind. They are saying that id is part of our unconscious mind and comprises the two instincts, eros and thanatos. See, there are a lot of questions from the fri-d, and we read the fri-d so many times that we cannot answer them. Because there are so many truths in the fri-d that we need to read carefully. The question is, who is the part of the id? Is it conscious, or is it sub-conscious, or is it unconscious? We have read separately that the three components of the mind are id, ego, and super ego. But if we don't pay attention to who is the part of the id, then we might be in trouble. So, if we keep this picture in our mind, then we will be able to see that it was below the unconscious and it was below the id. That means it is the part of the unconscious. So, this is the question. Then, what we can see in our conscious mind, our thoughts and perceptions, which are sub-conscious, are memories and shared knowledge. Then, what do you see in your unconscious? Instincts, sexual and aggressive. What is our instinct in our unconscious? What are our fears? Unexceptible sexual desires, which we cannot express. Voil and motives, irrational wishes, those wishes, which we know are atarquic. Immoral urges, which are unethical desires, selfish needs, which we cannot express ourselves, which are shameful experiences and traumatic experiences, all these things are in our unconscious. We are not aware of it. Okay? So, this is the concept of the riot on the mind. A very important concept. Then, what are the three components of the mind? What are the three components of the mind? The three components of the mind are id, ego, and super ego. We will now read separately the three components of the mind. What is id? It is our instinct. In this case, it is made like this. Seem, haunts, it means it is an animal instinct. Ego makes our perception through reality. And super ego is a morality check on us. We should not do anything wrong, not unethical. Okay? And this part of the ego and super ego, it is coming into the whole unconscious. Super ego is also not touching our conscious. It is only a part of the ego that is a part of our consciousness. Okay? So, we should also remember this. Then, let's start with id. According to the Freudian theory, the id is the component of personality that form the basis of our most primitive impulses. The id is entirely unconscious. And it drives our most important motivations, including the sexual drive libido and the aggressive or destructive drive Thanatos. Only this question will be asked. Id, sorry, what is the sexual drive? It is libido, Thanatos, Eros, what is it, or none of these things. So, we will have to pay attention to it. The sexual drive is called libido and the aggressive drive is called Thanatos. Then, according to Freud, the id is driven by the pleasure principle. I mean, the id is governed by who has control over who. It works on the consciousness of happiness. That is, animal instinct. Animals want happiness. If they are hungry, they should be eaten by someone. There is no point of nativity. They desire for immediate gratification of our sexual and aggressive urges. That is, if we only have id in us, then whatever the nativity, the nativity, the nativity is not the matter. The nativity, the desires are in us, then we immediately want to fulfill it. So, it is wrong. So, that is why we check on it, the superego, and the ego is the balancing between the id and superego. Look, what is ego? The ego is the only part of the conscious personality. The id is unconscious. Superego is also unconscious. Somewhere, it is sub-conscious. But the ego is the part of our consciousness. It is what the person is aware of. This is the part of our mind in which we are conscious. We are aware of it. When they think about themselves, and it is what they usually try to project around others, and what we see on others, is the part of the ego. In contrast to the id. What is id? Which is about the pleasure principle. What is id? The pleasure principle works on it. But what is the ego? The function of the ego is based on the reality principle. What is yatharth? The id will tell us that if you are hungry, then eat it. Eat it with a knife. Eat it with a knife. But the ego will tell us that no, this is not the time to eat, this is not the time to eat, or this is not the time to eat. The idea that we must delay gratification. The idea is that we should delay our happiness a little. Gratification, meaning that we should delay what we want in accordance to reality check. Of our basic motivations, until the appropriate time, the appropriate outlet. The ego is the largely conscious controller or decision maker of personality. The ego serves as the intermediary between the desires of the id and the components of society contained in the superego. The ego adds balancing between id and superego. Id will not do anything right and superego will not do anything wrong. So the ego is the balance. Because if we are in the control of superego, then we will get frustrated if we will not listen to anything in our mind. So, okay. So they say that id is a horse and ego is a horse rider, which is trying to guide it to which direction it has to go. Okay. Then superego. In stark contrast to the id, id says, how the superego represents our sense of morality and art. It teaches us the part of natikta and tells us what we have to do and what we don't have to do. The superego tells us all the things that we should not do or the duties and obligations of society. He tells us all the things that we should not do. And what we do is also a part of our society. He tells us about it. It develops around the age of 3-5 years during the phallic stage of psychosexual development. Right now, the stages of personality development will be read according to the criteria. So, they are 5. Oral, anal, phallic, and serogenital. One of which is phallic stage. So, superego decides. Which means, it is fixed. The superego strives for perfection and when we fail to line up to its demands, we feel guilty. It wants to make us perfect. Superego and when we can't fulfill its demands, what happens to it? It is a crime. The superego consists of two systems, the consigns and the ideal self. Superego is made of two types of marriage. First, we call it consigns and second, ideal self. The consigns is the inner voice. Consigns is the inner voice that tells us when we have done something wrong. It stops us when we do something wrong. The consigns can punish the ego by causing feelings of guilt. How it punishes the ego? How it punishes it? How it makes it a crime? How it has done it? It has done it wrong. For example, if the ego gives in to its demands, if the ego starts talking about it, the superego may make the person feel bad through guilt. So, superego will make the person commit a crime or feel bad that you have done something wrong. The ideal self is an imaginary picture of how you ought to be. It means our self, the ideal self, the ideal self of our self. The ideal self of our self, it means how we should be. Right? And it represents our career, our aspirations, how we should be, how to treat other people, how we should behave with other people. And how to behave is a member of, how to behave is a good member of society. And how we should be a good person of the society, a good person of the society. The ideal self and conscience are largely determined in childhood by parental values and how you were brought up. And the ideal self and conscience together, meaning, the golden age of it, the golden age of it, it happens in our childhood. And who does it? Parental values. Our parents, our culture, how we have got our values and how we are growing up. According to the conscience and ideal self. So this happened in ego and super ego. And from their interactions, from their conflicts, from their imbalances, our personality is determined in accordance to fright, not according to me. Okay. What is the personality of the fright? Fright, believe that psychological disorders, in particular the experience of an anxiety occur. When there is a conflict or imbalance among the motivations of the it, ego and super ego. They are saying that the mind and the scientific will have disorders in us, some will be wrong, some we will be worried, when, when our balance, imbalance, instability will be established, between whom, between it, ego and super ego. When the ego finds that it is stressing too hard for immediate pleasure, it attempts to correct this problem. When ego thinks that it is our animal instinct, it is working in that direction, or not, we just have to go right away. So, the ego checks it. Often through the use of defense mechanism, we have read the psychological defense mechanism before, so that defense mechanism uses the ego to check on it. And unconscious psychological strategy is used to cope with anxiety and maintain a positive self-image. And in our consciousness, our mind and the scientific are making such views and strategies that how we can deal with that anxiety and how we can create a positive self-image. According to Fright, the job of the ego is to balance the aggressive or pleasure seeking drives of the it, that is, what do we have to do? We have to make a balance, the pleasure seeking, the aggressive, that is, we just have to fall for it. We need this. And with the moral control of the it, and the moral control is not wrong, this is not right, this is not right, this is not right. So, the moral control of the super ego and the pleasure seeking drive of it, the ego balancing in between it. Fright believed that the it, ego and super ego are in constant conflict and the ideal personality and behavior are rooted in it. That is, this is a constant conflict in them. And what is our behavior, what is our person's behavior, that is, the basis of it is this conflict or this balancing or this imbalancing. Okay. Then, if personality, this is not the concept of personality, they have also told the psycho-sexual stages, five psycho-sexual stages under which the person's behavior is. The most controversial and least scientifically valid, that is, the most controversial theory of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the least scientifically valid. That is, the least scientifically valid, because there is no there is no research evidence is true. It is not at all information帶 i personal The not all He wants to learn sexuality, because his theory is based on sexuality. Frat believed that sexuality begins in infants. They say that sexuality begins in the womb, which means that no one should keep a head of a car. This is why it is criticized a lot. And that they appropriate resolution of each stage as implications for later personality development. They say that when a stage is fixed, we can cross it and go to the next stage smoothly. Otherwise, psychological disorders can occur. So, what are the five stages? Oral, which means that it lasts for 18 months from birth to 1.5 years, then anal for 1.5 to 3 years, phallic for 3 to 6 years, elitin for 6 to 12 years, genital for 12 years, 18 or you can say adulthood. So, they are saying that in every stage, pleasure-seeking changes our body's body. And what is there in oral? It is a mouth. What is there in anal? It is a gouda. In phallic, it is said that it is a sexual organ, respectively for male and female. In latency, it is said that sexuality is slightly subsided here. And the opposite sex attraction does not occur here. And in genital, it is said that sexuality emerges again. And if we cross these four stages in a good way, then we can enter into a mature, romantic relationship. And in the most controversial stage of phallic stage, it is said that the child is so attracted to the opposite sex that it shows rivalry with the same sex parent. You can say that he believes in his enemy so much that he can even kill him. This kind of complex, he has told that in boys, it is called the Ipides complex and in girls, it is called the Eclectra complex. So, it is very controversial. But still, he has told his theory. So, we have to read it. Okay, then during each stage, a child is presented with a conflict between biological drives and social expectations. What happens at every stage? There is a conflict between the physical drive, biological drive and the social expectation. But if we successfully navigated it, we got a good way of it. So, what will happen? We finish the internal conflict and the mastery of each developmental stage becomes our mastery and we become a fully mature personality in accordance to Sigmund Freyat. So, we have to remember this, we have to read it, we have to study it. Okay, the question is asked. We should know this. There is a lot of criticism of him. He has thought a lot. Why? He has taken a lot of focus on this. For Freyat paid little to no attention to the impact of environment, sociology and culture. He did not give any importance to the environment, to our society, to our culture. So, this is a very narrow-focused theory. His theories were highly focused on pathology. He did a lot of deviant personalities. He did it on patients. That is why he said that if you study it on patients, how can you generalize it on a normal population? And largely ignored normal healthy functioning. You are not talking about normal healthy functioning. You are talking about deviance. You are dealing with pathologists. So, how can you talk about healthy things? He has also been criticized for his myopic view of human sexuality to the exclusion of other important factors. That is why he has excluded other important factors. This is a major criticism point of his theory. On a no scientific basis, we did not get any research evidence of this theory. It is misogyny. You can say that his theory was influenced by patriarchy. And feminists oppose it a lot. Feminists and modern critics have been particularly critical of many of Freyat's theories. The modern critique, the feminist, the women, they oppose it a lot. Why? Pointing out that the assumptions and approaches of the psychoanalytical and analytical theory are profoundly patriarchal. It is said that it is male dominated. You can say that it is suppressing women, it is anti-feminist, it is anti-feminist, it is misogynistic. So, these are all criticism points that come on Freyat's theory. Then, neo-Freydians. We should also talk about neo-Freydians that later on, those who came forward in Freyat's theory left the point of sexuality. And while taking other points and taking the approach of Freyat's theory, tell us about your theory. So, what are the notable neo-Freydians? Alfred Redler, Carl Jung, Eric Rixon, Karen Horney. So, some of them are very important concepts that I have seen many times, that are asked in competitive examination. Like, who has given inferiority complex? So, if we go out after Freyat and don't know Alfred Redler, we won't be able to answer this question. Alfred Edler was the first to explore a comprehensive social theory of the psychodynamic person and coined the idea of inferiority complex. So, the concept of inferiority complex is of Alfred Edler. We read a lot about Carl Jung, but Carl Jung, many times we go out and we don't know that he gave a collective unconscious concept. So, the question is, who has given collective unconscious concept? Who will ask? We will think that since Freyat has given unconsciousness, so, two of Carl Jung's major contributions were his idea about the collective unconscious. One, he talked about collective unconscious and the other, about persona. We know that as soon as we start reading personality, they say that personality is derived from persona. So, this persona is given by Carl Jung. So, what is collective unconscious? Which is deemed a universal version of Freyat's personal unconscious. See, Freyat has talked about unconsciousness, but he talked about personal unconscious. So, he is giving collective unconscious. Okay. So, there is a lot to know about Freyat. It is very interesting and very interesting. You can say it is thought provoking. She talks about it for thinking. So, think about it. Okay. So, thank you all. And don't forget to like and subscribe my channel. And I will share its text matter in English and Hindi both to my telegram group only. So, join my telegram group for that. And thank you all.