 تبطه آدك الأيام فتا وتنه علامات الإسمي نحن سنذهب إلى المساعدة التي أعرف لها هذه هي المتحدة من إبن آج الروم المصنف قال فالإسم يُعرف بالخفضي والتنويل ودخول الألف واللام وحروف الخفضي وهي من وإلى وعن وعلا وفي وربا والباؤ والكافو واللام وحروف الخصمي وحروف القسمي وهي الواو والباؤ والتاؤ المصنف قال علامات فالإسم أي ناون يُعرف it is known it is known to have الخفضي خفضي we are going to go insha Allah what it means والتنويل the second sign is what it's a تنويل the third one which is what ودخول الألف واللام and the entering of the that sign known uniquely for the noun وحروف الخفضي and entering of these letters these letters they go before a noun whenever you see these particles whenever you see these particles these حروف remember what comes after is a noun من إلى عن على في رب با كافلام and also الواو والباؤ والتاؤ so four signs the author gave to us that a noun is known if you see these signs you automatically know that this is a what it's an إسم that it's an إسم the first sign that he mentioned is what الخفضي خفضي is a sign of a noun the second one is تنويل the second one is what تنويل the third one is the entering دخول الألف واللام ألف واللام entering onto a word indicates that it's a noun for حروف الخفضي حروف الخفضي these حروف these particles they only go before a noun that's a sign for the noun so you look before it and then automatically you know that is a noun and they are what من إلى عن على في رب با which is والبا now we're going to go into the شارح of الشيخ محمد محيدين عبدالحميد لشارح و أقول I will say who's saying that محمد محيدين عبدالحميد و أقول I will say للإسم علامات the إسم has signs يتميز عن أخويه in which it becomes دستينت يتميز means what it becomes distinct from its two brothers who are they الفعلي والحرفي it becomes distinct from a verb and a particle بورودي وحدة منها أو قبولها how does it become distinct by the presence of any of those four that were mentioned or the fact that it can accept it و قد ذكر المؤلف and the author meaning who ابن أجروم رحمه الله the author mentions من هذه العلامات from the signs that the noun has the author only mentions أربع علامات in four signs only and they are one الخفض two التنوين three دخول العليف واللامي فو حروف دخول حروف دخول حرف من حروف الخفضي دخول حرف من حروف الخفضي those are the four signs the author mentions those so the noun becomes distinct from the verb and from the particle by any one of those four being present in it or the fact that it can accept it if you want you can put it there that is the evidence to show this now and those four are what الخفض وتنوين و دخول العليف واللامي و دخول حرف من حروف الخفضي and now we are going to stand over each one of those four the first one أم الخفض as for خفض فو في اللغة in the language it means ضد دول ارتفاع it is the opposite of going up for example ارتفاع means to go up خفض means what to go down it's the opposite of going up are you with me و في الصلاح النحاتي as for the grammarians the way that they've defined it is what عبارة عن الكسرة التي يحدثها العامل او ما نبعنها they said it is الكسرة التي يحدثها which it brings العامل and they are going to take the عامل later إن شاء الله تعالى that causes it there are only how many عامل that causes اسم to become مخفض or مجرور is how many عامل we took it before previously إن شاء الله تعالى we are going to come to it it's three it is either حرف من حروف الخفضي the second one is إضافة and the third one is تبعية if it's a bedel عطف a tokid or a na'at if it's a bedel if it's a tokid if it's a na'at if it's a sifa or if it's a atf that's one the second one is إضافة if it's مضافة and the third one is حروف الخفضي if they go before it that is the عام they cause it the اسم to become مخفض I don't really want to bring everything all at once at you I don't want to but scholars other scholars they said the reason why the word خفضي it was used by the grammar is because when the person pronounces it his bottom lip goes down بي تي بي تي your bottom lip goes down and the word خفضي means what ضدو الارتفاع it's the opposite to go up so the bottom lip goes down when the person says it and that is when without a doubt that is only when it's upon the أصل and we know the خفض is what we divide it into what أصل and ما نابع عنها the أصل is that كسرة ما نابع عنها is those who take place of it and when they come to إن شاء الله تعالى لتا and we speak about عالمات الخفضي very good وفست لحنوحاتي and according to the way that the grammarians agreed upon is عبارة عن الكسرة it is a كسرة التي يحدثها what causes it is one of the three عامل that I just mentioned to you أو ما نابع عنها or anything that takes its place وذلك and that is مثل كسرة من بك ريم it is like the كسرة that falls in the واد بكر look at the word بك ريم you said وذلك and that is the example for that is what مثل كسرة من بك ريم بك ريم is what it has a كسرة in it وعامرن and also عمرن for example he said في نحو قولك like in your speech you said مرار to be back ريم why is back here مجرور here right now first of all because حرفن من حروف الخفضي when before it which is the back and بكر is a noun it's a بكر is a noun how do we know it's a noun one one one sign one علامة to show that it's a noun is what the back when before it the second evidence to show that it's a noun is what the كسرة that went into it all the خفض that went into it so you say مرار to مرار is what it's a فعل ماضي مبنيون على السكون للتصالح ضمير الرفع المتحرك that is what ضمير ضمير الرفع المتحرك what place does it stand what that by itself is the it's a subject and then the back is حرف جر and the back is مجرور and the علامة الجر is a كسرة because it's ism مفرد the issue of مفرد is مجرور بالكسرة نعم مرار to be بكرن I came by بكرن so بكرن is what خفض it's خفض what made it خفض عامل when before it something caused it to be which is the back and we'll speak about that later in more details وقولك and your speech هذا كتاب عم رن this is the book of who the book of who the book of عم رن هذا this كتاب is the book عم رن is the book of who عمرن عمرن here right now is what عمرن here is what عمرن here is what عمرن here is مجرور مخفوض the word مجرور and مخفوض are the same they're both the same one is used by مخفوض is used by اهلو كوفا and اهلو بصرة they call it مجرور good so عمرن here is مضاف مضاف مضاف كتاب which is the book has been ascribed to the ownership of عمر عمر is مجرور now the عامل that caused it to be مجرور is the مضاف so you say هذا كتاب عمرن the second one is بكرن و عمرن عمرن here is مجرور for what reason because it's معطوف it is connected to بكر who already had it who had the اسماني they are two nouns لوجود الكسرة في آخر كل واحد من هما both of them have it بكر is مجرور عمر is مجرور so what do we learn from this what we learn is that a noun except a جر or كسرة we're going to learn the difference between those إن شاء الله انتعالا the second عامل that is known for is what التنوين و أما التنوين ask for the التنوين فوا في اللغة تسويتو the word التنوين in the language it is التسويتو تسويت means what it is the noise that the bird makes the chirping noise that the birds make it's called تسويت the Arabs they say نوانة طائر نوانة طائر اي صوتة طائر the bird made a noise it made that noise the noise that the birds make نعم good that's what it means و في صلاح النحاتي but as for the grammarians this is what they call it they call it نون ساكينة تتبع آخر الإسمي لفضن وتفارقه خطا لا استغناء عنها بتكرار الشكلة عند ضبط بالقلم what does the تنوين mean according to the grammarians what do they know it as they know it as نون ساكينة تتبع آخر الإسمي لفضن take the word بيتون let's put a tenwin بيت put a tenwin in the end بيتون when you pronounce it what is at the ending اي نون that has a سخون on it but that I pay attention نون ساكينة تتبع آخر الإسمي it follows the ending of the noun لفضن only when you're pronouncing it you can only hear that نون when you're pronouncing it واتفارقه but it doesn't show خط when you're writing it when you write it بيتون you're not going to write a نون you're not going to write a نون which is ساكينة you're just going to you're going to draw the what the the the tenwin of the ضمة are you with me why why does it not show لليستغناء عنها because we don't need to we're sufficed from it بتكرار الشكلة because of the repetition of this that symbol by itself the tenwin takes the place of the نون it doesn't need to be written but when you're pronouncing it you need to hear it so you say بيتون قال من very good نحو like محمد كتاب كتاب كتاب وائيهن وائيهن وصاهن ومسلمات وفاطمات وحينئذ وساعةئذ all of these are what they are quads كلها all of it they are nouns all of them are nouns all of them are nouns why are they nouns somebody asked you where is your where is your evidence for it you say بيداليل وجود تنويل because the tenwin is present في آخر كل كلمة منها everywhere at the ending there is a تنويل so محمد is the name of a man كتاب is what is the name of a it's a name of a book إيهن it's carry on صاهن assignment مسلمات a lot of female women فاطمات a lot of fatima حينئذ at that time ساعةئذ at that time as well فاكل كلمات all of those are tenwin so all of those are nouns sorry why because all of them they accept what تنويل at the ending very good so we have what how many alamas have we taken so far that the sheikh has mentioned we've mentioned two وودي الخافضو and the second one was what اتنويل now we're going to go to the third which is called what which is علامة الثالثة العلامة الثالثة the third alama من علامات الإسمي from the signs of the noun the علامة الثالثة the third alama from the signs علامة is a sign the third sign from the signs of the noun is دخول دخول عل for عل to enter it في اول كلمة the beginning of the word نحو like what الرجل the word was what رجل you put any phallan before it it became clear to the people that it is now now الولام the boy if somebody asks you الرجل is a noun you say yes why? because الولام is in it الولام is a noun you say yes what's your evidence because الولام is in it الفارا الولام is a boy الفارا سو is the horse horse somebody asks you is it a noun you say yes what's your evidence الولام when entered it or الولام is in it الكتاب الكتاب الولام the book is a noun you say yes what's your evidence الولام entered it الولام entered it البيت البيت the house is a noun you say yes what's your evidence that it's a noun you're going to say الولام entered it المدرسة to the school الولام entered it somebody asks you is it a noun you say yes what's your evidence الولام is in it فهذه الكلمات these words كلها اسماء all of them are nouns why لدخول الولام في أولها at the beginning الولام entered it and that's a sign for who for the noun علامة الرابعة the fourth sign دخول the entering حر ثن من حروف الخفض the entering of a particle from the particles which cause the noun to become مخفوظ ذهبت من البيت إلى المدرسة so here we have what ذهبت فعلا فاعل ذهبت فعل ماضي مبنير على الفتح or you can say مبنير على السكون both ways you can say it تا is what ضميره ضمير رفع المتحرك where is it standing لكن في محلي رفع فاعل ما is مبنير على السكون من من البيتي هيه the web من البيتي the web مين is what the web مين is what من البيتي من البيتي is a حرف من حروف الخفض it's مبنير مبنير على ايش مبنير على السكون فالسقل واذا يفتح للتقائي الساكنيين؟ فالرئيس من يفتح للتقائي الساكنيين