 Yeah, I am Christophe de Fanou, I am a demarcating manager for Sumilab and I work in Sumilab now since couple of years, since 2008 and I was before another company from French company. So now I can introduce you a little about Sumilab. Sumilab is a company doing 100% of metrology tools characterization system that can be applied to different kind of domain. We can show you here. So the first domain that where it is applied is of the photovoltaic industry and research also. We are also some lot of tools for the photovoltaic industry like contamination, photoliminescence, resistivity. We have also defects of visual inspection. We also do inline and offline guidance tool for this industry. What kind of photovoltaics are we talking about? Yeah, we start, I mean the company start with silicon solar cell, the silicon solar cell photovoltaic industry. It started in early 2000 with hand-top and tabletop system. Now we are completely renewed the portfolio and we are with fully automatic system that you can put the silicon solar cell here and at the end you get the sort of the performance of the solar cell. But now we have also full bench of product tools also to characterize scene film also like organic perovskite, eterojunction cells that are here presented in this conference in Thessaloniki of course. Beside this PV industry we also have a lot of tools from the R&D to the industry for the semiconductor industry. It means that we manufacture 200 and 300 millimetre of platform to address the need of the metrology. We started this today and this is today our main activity besides the PV industry. Beside SEMI and photovoltaic we also address the flat panel display in the industry and domain. This is mainly of course in Asia, like China, Korea and Japan, where this panel and TV are manufactured. So we manufacture very large tools like this one you have the picture here, where the TV are manufactured. And again we have many different kinds of metrology tools that can be installed on this platform. So it's a tool that goes in a TV factory? Yeah, they also produce the screen from your phone. I mean from the phone, from the laptop, from the TV, they produce all this kind of panel and we install some characterization platform like that. We have different metrology on the same tool here. And the last part is of course our research and development domain where we also provide and produce many types of different characterization tools that are more for Institute, for R&D lab, but also for the research of the industry of this type here of course. So we have here one of our main instruments for this R&D topics. This is spectroscopy data meter that is a tool that is optical characterization to measure the thin film thickness and optical properties. We have also AFM to make our first microscope. We have another annotation, we have eddy current and we have also mobility measurement by whole system. This is one of the interesting tools that we propose now which is the high sensitivity by LDP line whole measurement system. This is a quite new system in our company where we can measure the mobility, sheet resistance, subcarrier type and density of the semiconductor, 3.5 solar cell, TCO which is transplanted into the sun and organic electronics. So what are we looking at there? This is just a tool, I mean this is a computer of course, this is a system which is here. You can just open the cover and put a sample here. And this is a quite interesting tool because we can really give very interesting information on this brand new matter like for organic electronics and pair of sky for example. So what are people able to get? What kind of information, what is it useful for them? This is mainly done for mobility and sheet resistance and carrier type and density of this matter here. Because now in pair of sky, in organic, in TCO we are not using any more silicon as we used to do for the transistor or for the solar cell. So we use very special material that we need to characterize and this material have different characteristics like in mobility and sheet resistance. So it is more challenging to characterize and to measure this parameter. So we need to use brand new equipment and to develop new options and new features to be able to measure this kind of material. And this is quite challenging to do that. And what more you can talk about there? Yeah, we can talk about this one, this one is also interesting. We propose a really large number of solutions and features to measure this whole to whole process and sheet to sheet process. We are here in a pair of sky, organic and a conference fee in the Saloniki. So this is exactly the topic of the conference. We can characterize OPV, the organic PV, organic TFT, the well-lit lighting and sensor which are made by organic again, like I show you for the mobility. And we propose a quite large number of tools like the electrometry that we have just talked about, the sheet resistance, all effects, the armor and total resistance. This can be applied to the whole to whole. I mean the whole is rolling here. This is an organic PV solar cell and you can measure directly here on the roll here. Or you can measure on a sheet to sheet here. This is a flexible sheet of plastic. And on the top here you have some organic tweezers and you can measure the sheet resistance or the thickness here. So we can propose different platforms. This is a whole to whole one. This is a mid-sized platform surrounded by 400 mm substrate up to much larger ones. We can really cover from the R&D to the pilot line and the industry also. So do you have customers in all kinds of segments of the industry? Yeah, we have customers in the color of the industry. So if you can show here, just sorry. This is a map where we have our implementation. I forgot to tell you that the company is from Budapest. The headquarters of the company is located in Budapest in Hungary. We have quite nice number of people in Europe. But we have a lot of people also in Asia where we address the industry and the customer for semiconductor, for the flat panel or for the PDE also. In China there was also a lot of Chinese customers working on PV. And we have also some companies in USA, like in Boston and in the Hightown and Tampa, where we manufacture some tools and distribute and also address the customer from USA here. And I would say the industry for semiconductor is spread between Asia and USA. The PV is still a little more in Asia also. But I have to say that for the organic and perovskite and these plastic electronics, Europe is quite well placed and we have quite nice number of customers in Europe for this. Everybody wants to do PV. Yeah, because this energy is the biggest priority right now. Today we share, as I told you, the main market is semiconductor for us. But we always try to push the people who are doing PV and try to develop a new type of PV. We know that the future is PV, but we also, when it comes to market for us, we try to develop also. So you do R&D? We do R&D. You don't just provide the machine for other people to do R&D? We have a lot of people trying to develop new equipment, new tools every year we develop and release new equipment, new options. Really we have a lot of people doing that. From the hardware, software, optical lab to develop our new head, German head, software, hardware, this is quite large company in Asia. So if you can invent new kind of PV that uses your tools, then you sell more tools? Sure, for sure. But we always find some applications. You see, this tool was used before, which is a photoremediasance tool for wafer and cell expansion. So it was used only for silicon solar cells before. This was like this standalone tool, we put the wafer here and this was just a defect inspection of silicon solar cells. And now we use exactly some techniques on organic PV to measure the defect on organic roll to roll. This is what we have installed here in Thessaloniki inside the real nano European project. We have installed one of these tools, which is one line, we measure one line on the roll and the roll is moving and then we measure one line in real time. And then we can show, we can give some information on the defect. Here it is the wafer, but you can do kilometer and kilometer of image on the roll to roll of PV. When you do this kind of measurements, I guess it's important to not be impeding in the process feeding everything. You want everything to be smooth and fast and that slows down anything. Yeah, sure. We need to have the same speed as the process in fact. When the roll is moving, we need to be able to acquire, give the image and give the possibility to the computer and the software to analyze and to give the feedback of the result. Because if the one part of the roll on the solar cell is bad, we need to be able to adjust and give some information. But now, as you guess, everything is linked and we link our tool to our main computer. We link our tool to another tool and all the information are coming together on the horse. All information are managed and analyzed by one computer. And then you can decide if we stop the process, CFI just process or still go. And so I guess it means you have hardware acceleration, you have fast performance in there. Yeah, we need to have very fast performance. I can show you just a little bit of this tool here. On one of these tools here, we could analyze 5700 waveforms per hour. It sounds like a lot. That's a lot. 5,000, it is 2 waveform per second. And what are the wafers? What do they have on them? This is a solar cell. Silicon solar cell. Yeah, solar cell. So we need to have very fast, everything is linked so fast on the belt here. And then we need to acquire, analyze and give information. And at the end of the belt here, it needs to be sorted. You have the good one, the middle one and the bad one. That we need to be very fast. That's you making the quality control. We make quality control and the sorting. But the customer tells us, OK, we want to be able to sort this type of solar cell here. This has to be considered a good one. This has to be considered a middle one. And this is a low spectrum. Yes, exactly. And you can sell all three to three different customers. Yes, exactly. But not we, but the customer. But we just sell a good one. Is this just photos and microscopes and stuff like that? No, this is electrical characterization. A whole bunch of different things. This is a whole bunch of different things. Yes, this is electrical characterization, sickness. I mean, imagine if you have some scratch here. If there were to have some scratch here, you see, have some scratch, this can be completely going to the trash. If you have some line here by visual expression, it also goes to the trash. So we need to analyze the performance, the many different things. And at the end, at the end, we need to decide what we are doing or not doing. What's this machine, for example? For example? Yeah, this machine is, I've got to do it with the ellipsometer, spectroscopic ellipsometer. So this machine can be used for many different applications. It can be used... The purpose of this machine is to measure the sickness of the sin film. For example, when you measure, when you have sin film solar cell, you are substrate, and then you have many different layers. And this machine is measuring the sickness of optical properties. And the quality of the solar cell and the end product is really depending on what you have on this device. So we have, this is optical techniques. We send the beam, we send the beam on the sample, it's reflecting. And then we can buy a trail of polarization, we can measure the properties of the properties. And actually you have a whole bunch of different products you can show, right? Yeah, sure. This one is a middle platform, which is IC2100, this is a middle side platform. You can embed it inside here. You can have a different type of measure. You can have ellipsometry, you can have spectrometer, non-contaction resistance, and other optical techniques here. So it means that you don't need to have multiple tools, but you can have all this metrology head embedded on the same platform. So you can just move the sample under the measurement head that you want to use. So you can pass from ellipsometry to sheet resistance. You don't need to go to another tool. And it can be completely automatic. What is the sheet resistance? Sheet resistance. Yeah, this is the resistance. If you want to have your material be very conductive, so very fast, for example, that the electron is going very fast in the material, you need to have a very low sheet resistance. If you have a high sheet resistance, the speed of the device is very slow. So this is just to summarize, but this is there. And it is linked to the mobility. It is linked to all electrical parameters. But we need to characterize all this picture. In solar cells, in semiconductors, in all these electronic devices, we need to, most of the time, we need to measure sheet resistance in material. And when people make new innovative products that use roll-to-roll and sheet-to-sheet and all that, there is a lot of graduation in terms of the quality. It's not a stable output sometimes. So it's crucial to be able to go in and measure what's good, what's A, B, C. Yes, exactly. As I told you, for the solar cell here, we do also the same thing for the semiconductor, like for the wafer that you have here, for the platform here. People are measuring on the wafer, on the dial, and they say, okay, this one is good, this one is not good. But here, there is no level, I would say, like in the solar cell. Here it is good or not. So we say go or not go. This is the way they do for the semiconductor, because the performance cannot be half or not so good. We need to have a good or not. I guess your machines are very professional, very expensive for big labs to buy at universities. Do you also have stuff for startups? Is there a scale of different things? Yes, we have different things. I just show you for the semiconductor product range. We have this one is a tabletop one. This one is a tabletop one for university and lab, which is, I would say, the low cost tools that we have for these techniques. And this one is for the high-end. This is more expensive, but more powerful, of course. And this one is another platform which is even higher-end. So we have really a full product range of tools. And this is not only for a semiconductor, we can really show that for all kinds of techniques and characterization tools. So for little R&Ds, startups, students, all the way to mass production? Yes, exactly. All the way to the companies that make billions of things? Exactly, exactly. You are there? Yes, from the tabletop or hand tools to the fully automatic one. That's right. And do you have a lot of competitors? Or do you like the world leader? No, we have a lot of competitors, of course. And the thing is that we have a lot of competitors in every field. Of course, in optical characterization, in electrical, in tabletop, in R&D, in the industry, we need to compete with a lot of competitors from everywhere in the world. So that pushes your R&D department to just keep pushing things forward and bring new products all the time. Exactly, that pushes us to make even every year better and better. But we also have, in Sumilab, we also have the politics to when we want new technologies we can also buy it. It means that we also buy companies where we can buy the company, buy the techniques I'm having in Sumilab. So for example, myself, I'm coming from the small company which was in France, which was SOPA, and we are producing this ellipsometer. And 12 years ago, 14 years ago, Sumilab was wanted to do a diverse activity. There were electrical characterization metrology equipment, and they wanted to do optical metrology because they wanted to have a new bench of product. And so they buy a company, and we are now, since 14 years, embedded in Sumilab. Alright, and so you have some conversations here with all kinds of universities, companies. Yeah, we are exchanging with people here. We know the Thessaloniki Lab and company here since quite a long time. We have been working with them since a couple of years now, but we know the people since quite a long time. Alright, and people can contact you in every country in the world. Yeah, they can contact us everywhere. They can contact me in Europe, in France, but of course they can find the website, they can find the contact of the company from every country in the world.