 Before going to discuss the field work, we must know what is surveying. Because surveying is the art of making observation and measurement in order to determine the relative position of a point on the earth surface. So, when we are dealing with the surveying, surveying actually is the measurements of natural as well as man-made features. So, those natural features are related with the nature environment like mountains, like plains, plateaus, deserts and forest. Like the things which are related over the earth surface. So, but the man-made features are actually the built-up areas or the areas where you have the human economic activities. Now, the information or data that we get from the surveys are presented either geographically or numerically. In a plan, the tail is drawn while in a map, many features have to be represented by symbols but scale is too small. Information can be added as contours but spot heights only are shown on plans. All the man-made features are shown on the maps like built-up area which covers residential, educational, hospital, industrial parks, networks or as road, railway lines, transmission lines. In other words, all the land uses which are related with the man-made features. These maps have multiple uses as navigational, recreational, geographical, geological, military and their scale ranging from 1 into 25,000 to 1 into 1 million. In surveying, we can divide the field work regarding surveying into geodetic and plane surveying. In geodetic surveying, large areas of the Earth's surface are involved and the curvature of the Earth must be taken into account. But in plane surveying, relatively small areas are under consideration and it is taken that the Earth's surface is flat or horizontal plane. In this type of surveying, the recent techniques are used like we can use here the total station, the theodolite, the automatic level but once these surveys were conducted by the help of chain and tape surveys plane table surveys and prismatic surveys. Here we must know the accuracy of the surveying is depends upon the purpose for which the survey is being undertaken. So the survey actually controlled by the accuracy of the figures. Surveys are often classified by the topographical surveys. In this type of survey, these produce maps and plans of the nature and man-made features. So here we have a map of the colony which is actually made by the private property dealers or we can say actually the the area where you have the town plannings. So all the groups of built up area actually controlled by certain parcels. So these parcels are related with the residential places. So these are the residential places. All the groups are there. Groups of all level of incomes. So few are related with the low income group. Few are related with the middle income group and some are related with the large or high income groups. So built up area is controlled by a certain level of incomes. So this colony not only is comprises of the built up area but it also has parks and the areas which are controlled by the the commercial activities. So it means a colony is controlled by a certain man-made feature which have their own land use importance. In geographical field work, one of the most important survey is engineering survey. These include all the surveys work required before, during and after any engineering work. Now plans use for engineering designs and administrative purposes only. Before any engineering work are started large scale topographical maps or plans are required as a basis for design. These surveys are conducted specially for the design and construction of buildings, towns, highways, site plans and civil engineering works. So the geographical field works are conducted for making plans which are used for engineering designs and administrative purposes. Now this plan is actually related with the educational field. Now this is the map of the Government College University Lahore. So here you can see the parks or the area which is called the open spaces and some are related with the built up regions. So this is the old building of the Government College University Lahore and some are actually the places which are under new construction or built during the last decades. So we can make this type of map with the help of AutoCAD, GIS and the ground surveys. So some of the field surveys are conducted by the old and new methods but certain techniques are involved for the making of the plan regarding the engineering field work. Now the third type of the survey is the cadastral surveys. These are undertaken to produce plans of property boundaries for legal purposes. In many countries the registration of ownership of land is based on these maps. So here we have again the map which is produced by the surveyors but those maps are actually related with the purpose behind which is actually the property or the legal purposes. So in this way we can use the cadastral survey for the making of the map to conduct the surveys regarding the income tax or the property tax or other areas which are under the human controlled environment.