 The Mekong River faces two major challenges over the next few decades, climate change and the construction of new dams. Climate change is expected to cause increased temperatures and altered monsoons, while the construction of new dams could lead to decreased water levels and reduced river flow. This study assessed the combined effects of these two factors on the Mekong's hydrology, finding that the impact of climate change was greater than that of dam construction. The study also showed that the impact of dam construction was more pronounced during the dry season, while the impact of climate change was more significant during the wet season. This article was authored by H. Lorry, H. Damol, P. J. Ward, and others.