 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Kanna Girls degree college, University of Parahabad. And in the series of discussion over higher education in India, this time I am going to discuss the status of private universities in India. The lecture will be useful for your various competitive teaching examinations as well as for your regular B.A.M.A. and professional B.A.M.A. courses. Okay, so let's start private universities. We have talked a lot about what higher education is and who regulates higher education in India. Then after that, N.E.P. 2020 has brought a change in the regulation of higher education. Then what concepts did he talk about, like your degree, multiple entry, multiple exit, A.B.C., which is an academic bank of credits. Then we have talked about a lot of U.G.C., A.I.C.T., N.C.T., N.K.C., National Knowledge Commission has said a lot of things about universities. Then what is the public sector, what is the private sector, what are the respective roles in higher education? And in this series, this is the last discussion with you that what is the nature of private universities in India? So, private universities are a concept where self-financed private universities can be established by private players without financial assistance from the state. C.D.C. Baal's private university is self-financed. They generate their own finance themselves. And they do not receive any assistance from the state. They do not receive any assistance from the state. According to U.G.C., private universities are competent to award degrees as specified by U.G.C. under section 22 of the U.G.C. Act 1956, with the approval of the statutory councils wherever required to their main campus. He says that U.G.C. does not fund U.G.C. And section 22 of the U.G.C. Act 1956, with the approval of the statutory councils wherever required to their main campus. He says that U.G.C. is competent and able to give degrees as specified by U.G.C. but U.G.C. does not fund them. Section 22 of U.G.C. Act 1956 has said that they are able to award degrees. Then, private higher education has become all the more pronounced over the past three decades across the world. India has become no exception to this trend and India is still not universal in excess but demand is huge. In India, where education has not reached all the way to higher education, the demand is very high. Private universities have seen phenomenal growth over the last half decade. In recent years and decades, there has been a huge increase in the number of universities that are outpacing. There are many other types of universities. We have not talked about types but we have understood that there is a central university, state university, private university, institutes of national importance and deems to be a university. So, they have left other types of universities behind. The rising demand for higher education coupled with stagnant, if not declining public investment in higher education, caused a massive demand supply gap, making it an ideal condition for the private sector to participate in higher education. They are saying that demand is increasing for higher education and the demand is increasing. How is the coupled demand of higher education connected with stagnant? They are saying that if the demand is not declining, the demand is increasing and the demand is increasing. So, this gap is increasing, it has become massive, it has become very big. And while increasing, day by day, the gap has made it an ideal condition for the private sector to participate in higher education. Okay. So, how quickly has it grown? In the past three decades, the victims of private mines, even in public higher education due to increased cost recovery, pressure for resource mobilization, impasses on resource, use efficiency and cost reduction, and demand for value for money. They are saying that even in public higher education, there is a private mindset. What is the cost recovery? The pressure of resource mobilization? How much resources are you able to mobilize? How much resources are you able to use? And use efficiency, meaning pragmatic philosophy. Cost reduction. How can you do better in less cost? Demand for value for money. This whole mindset has come into the public sector due to the private sector. And if you look at the report of Ash's 2019-20, what is Ash's? All India Survey of Higher Education. So, you will see that there were 19 victims in India in 2019. 20 victims have increased. Private victims have also increased. There are 306 universities privately managed. You can understand that. If you consider it to be 1,000 and consider it to be 400, the total 40% is privately and the rest is in the 60%. And if we talk about colleges, then 32.6% of colleges run only a single program. You will know that the NEP 2020 has said that the single program colleges should stop them. They should run multidisciplinary. There are 306 universities. One out of every 10 colleges runs only one program. Out of which 84.1% are privately managed. And about 84% are privately managed. I mean, how big a share is being shared in colleges that are privately managed. Among these privately managed colleges, 37.4% of colleges run B.A.D only. You must have seen that there are thousands of B.A.D colleges in the world where there is a course of teacher education. In fact, it has been said that there will be no teacher education where the rest of the classes will run. It will always run in coherence. It will not run like this. The NEP 2020 has said this. So, this is a sign that how big a share is being captured privately. Then, GER in higher education. We were reading 26-23% of the last data. But your recent data increased by GER by 27-27.1%. And this 27-27.1% means how GER takes the age up to 18-23%. It means that it is less than 18% and more than 23% of the students do not count B.A.D. So, this is a sign of B.A.D. You can see. And if you look at the recent data, on 25th November 2020, this data shows that the consolidated list of UGC universities had 430 private universities. See, there were 325 universities in 1920. And in 2022, there will be 434 universities in 2 years. You can understand how fast it is. It means that it is 17 years old every year. This is the sign. It means that it is a phenomenal growth. It is growing very fast. Stay private universities. If you read the literature of universities and private universities, you will find that in private universities, there is a lot of share of private universities. You can say it is growing very fast. Self-financed private universities, which A.A.S.H. refers to as State Private Universities, GUI 2019, that is, it is available in the 2019 budget of India, are relatively a new addition to the wide variety of private higher educational institutions in the country. They are saying that in India, the private higher educational institutions and private universities are growing very fast. The most considerable rise came in the state private university category. The biggest portion of the university is coming from the state private university. They are saying that why are the children left for private universities? What are their characteristics? They are saying that speed, efficiency and diversity is providing the private sector. Why is it speeding up? Because it is autonomous. There is no rule of the state. So it wants to renovate its course. It teaches new curriculum. It updates it. Efficiency is more in many cases. And there is a lot of diversity there. And that is why they are doing well. That is why they are doing so well. When unlike government funded universities, they are saying that the government funded universities are more independent than them. The private universities are more independent. That is why they change their curriculum, make changes, and they can introduce innovative teaching methods. Something will come from the university. They are more independent than us. On the other hand, government universities are doing something good. They are not doing anything wrong. What they are doing is providing equity. There is more transparency. There is less accountability. These things are not giving the private sector. What is quite revealing is the fact that the self-financed private universities have been maintaining a higher and better student-teacher ratio as compared to higher education institutions in general and to the university-level higher education institutions in particular. They are saying that if we compare government universities or colleges, the state private universities have a teacher-student ratio. There should be a lot of kids behind us. What happens is that you cannot pay attention to the kids. You don't know personally which kids are in your class. This happened twice. State-wide is the number of private universities in India's shows. If we look at the state-wide, how much private universities are in which state, you will see that there were Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. It is a leading state. It is a state-wide agreement with the private universities. Regulation. Who keeps this in mind? Literature reveals that the concept of a state-wide private university in India has been pioneered by Chhattisgarh with its legislative enactment in 2002. If you read the literature, you will see that the first state-wide private university in India was pioneered by Chhattisgarh in 2002. As per this ad, the Chhattisgarh government by notification in the gadget established in the university with required recognition and authorization to prepare a syllabus of grand degrees, diplomas and awards. Chhattisgarh government was pioneered by Chhattisgarh in 2002. It is a state-wide private university with required recognition and authorization to prepare a syllabus of grand degrees, diplomas and awards. Chhattisgarh government was pioneered by Chhattisgarh in 2002. Chhattisgarh government was pioneered by Chhattisgarh in 2002. Chhattisgarh government was pioneered by Chhattisgarh in 2002. These private universities are regulated by UGC establishment of and maintenance of standards in private universities in 2003. You can say that in 2002, Chhattisgarh was pioneered by UGC in 2002. UGC made a regulation in 2003 that the private university will establish and maintain the standard. Then, any P2020 will establish a new national education. What is this saying in private universities? This is saying calls for. This is giving a voice. What should private universities do? What should private universities do? Rejuvenation, active promotion and support of private philanthropic activities in the education sector. This means that private people in the area of education are philanthropic. They have money and can charity. UGC also did an issue. What is the issue? Academic collaboration between Indian and foreign educational institutions. When you read the concept of higher education, internationalization of higher education also comes. This concept is old. Since LPG came, since liberalization, NEP has tried to improve it. UGC also did an issue so that we can collaborate between Indian and international organizations. To offer, we will do twin, joint degree and dual degree programs on 2nd May, 2020. This has come. It inter-area promotes enhanced academic collaboration with foreign higher education institutions leading towards academic and research excellence in the Indian higher education institutions. Because it has been done so that in India, the students of UGC and abroad you can collaborate with your students. We are doing good academic work. UGC has done this for them. Also, to promote affordable world-class academic and research facilities. Affordable world-class academic. So, in 2017, a scheme was launched for world-class institutions. The regulatory framework of the scheme provides for identifying 10 institutions each from the public and private and then the status of an IOE. So, after 2017, the government decided to choose some institutions of eminence. So that they can collaborate with foreign universities. So, there are 12 of them. 8 of them are public and 4 are private. So, as we are talking about private universities, take the names of private institutions. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Bitspilani, Shivnagar University, Info Institutions of Eminence, UGC NEI. Then, collaboration. What else have I said? A scheme for promotion of academic and research collaborations. Spark, scheme, promotion, academic research collaboration. Aims to improve the research ecosystem of India's higher educational institutions by facilitating academic and research collaboration between top ranked Indian institutions and globally ranked foreign institutions through joint research projects involving the mobility of students in faculty. They are saying that Spark has also been made that we will collaborate. So, the top ranked institutions of India that are foreign, collaborate with them. Project, research, faculty, mobilize, student mobilize. What does it mean? That your teacher is your faculty and the student can be a student, a teacher, a teacher. We go there to study. We go there to teach. So, this initiative has been taken. IIT Madras has set its campus in Janjibar, Tanjaniya. Similarly, IIT Delhi has made its first campus in Abu Dhabi. So, it's not like that. How can we control it? How can we increase fees and increase fees? How can private institutions do it? NEP has also said that your reasonable recovery of cost while at the same time will also ensure that the HEIs discharge their social obligations. What is CSR? Your corporate social responsibility. That means that private higher education institutions also have some social obligations. They are responsible for the society. So, they are saying that you should recover your cost but you should also pay attention to social obligations. 50% of the students at any given institution will have some sort of scholarship assistance. They are saying that at least 50% of the students should be given scholarship which includes ensuring at least 20% of students and free ships are added to the official call. At least 20% of the students who are poor and rich can be given free ships. Placed under transforming the regulatory system of higher education and in the section curbing commercialization of education. What is the new policy? There are multiple mechanisms which you can check and balance so that we don't have to deal with higher education. Moreover, all HEIs public and private shall be treated at par. That means that you are not a private investor so you won't tell how much our income is. You are at par. What is the new regulatory regime? What is the new regulatory regime? It is going to be the HECI Higher Education Council of India which is based on common guidelines. Guidelines for both. Good governance. Good governance, financial stability security, educational outcome should be good. You have to be transparent about where and when how much has been spent. So this is the question for me. So I think now you have a better understanding of higher education and the status of higher education in India covering many aspects under it. So in this way I have completed this very topic. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.