 Let's continue our discussion of Sumner. So here's the question, is there any sense in which a more is true or false? Remember when we were looking back at Hume, Hume said that more beliefs are neither true nor false. They are simply expressions of desires. So is the same thing true with Sumner? Is there any sense in which a more is true or false or is there never any sense in which a more is true or false? Well Sumner is pretty clear about this. He says that a more or more belief is true within the culture. If the culture says this is moral, then it's moral. It's true that this is moral. If the culture says some act is immoral, then it's false that that act is moral. So for example, in our own culture, we tend to value such things as democracy. We think that some sort of political process involving majority vote is a very good thing. And that that's great here, but that's not necessarily great anywhere else. Some other places, the political process is very different. We have, there's certainly marriage across different cultures and we think that marriage is a good thing, but not every culture values marriage, at least not the same way or some of the things that we do. In fact, our own beliefs, our own standards, our own cultural demands about culture have changed in recent memory and even one's behavior at a wedding that's determined by what's moral or immoral within the culture. We have certain standards here and if somebody were to say, oh, I don't know, spit on the bride and groom, that would be considered a bad thing here. This is a bad thing here. But not every culture is like that. Believe it or not, there's some cultures that consider it to be not only moral and permissible to spit on the bride and groom as they leave, but that the guests should spit on the bride and groom. In our culture, it's perfectly fine to go sunbathing. These in some places, it's fine to go sunbathing. Not every culture has these standards though. Some cultures say it's not a good thing to expose oneself in public and these same way, we all have certain standards. Different cultures have different standards about how you can expose oneself and here we don't have, we have certain requirements that you must be covered up that are not the same in other cultures and our standards of what we must keep covered up are different than other culture. We're much more permissive than some and not as permissive as others. Even as much as one wears when sunbathing, as much as one wears the sunbathing, that's different from culture to culture but even where you can sunbathe. In our culture, if you were to start sunbathing in a graveyard, that would be considered a bad thing. You would be considered to be disrespectful and that you would probably be chased out of the graveyard but in some cultures, not only is this acceptable, it's preferred. There are some places where they say if you're going to sunbathe, if you're going to be outside and enjoy your time outside, you should do it in a graveyard. So yes, there are, there is a sense in which a moral belief is true or false according to summer and that sense is within the culture, within that culture. Outside the culture, it could be different. There's going to be some overlap but the only sense in which we can talk about a moral belief being true or false is within the culture. What about an absolute sense? Is there any way that a moral belief is true across all cultures? Well, this is highly doubtful. I mean maybe, remember what some are saying is that what is moral depends upon when and where you are. You might find some overlap between one or two cultures or even a significant number but there's never going to be something completely shared across all cultures. And even if it happens to happen across all cultures at a time, it's just not going to happen for very long. Now according to Sunder, there's no sense in which something is true, moral belief is true in an absolute sense. It's always true regardless or something's always moral regardless of when and where you are. That does not happen. A moray is true only within the culture. Outside of it, there's no guarantees. So like I said, you go to a wedding here, don't spit. If you happen to go to a culture that says this is a good thing, spit away. You must spit away. If you go sunbathing here, great. Adhere to the standards address and the proper location. If you go someplace else where they say you should go and sunbathe in a graveyard, go ahead, sunbathe in the graveyard. And we have certain standards about what's permissible as far as what's good sportsmanship is concerned. But that's going to vary from culture to culture. Even such things as what's considered to be a faithful relationship, that's going to vary from culture to culture. There's no absolute standard according to, there's no, there's no standards that applies to all the cultures. And since there's no standard that applies to all the cultures, Sumner says there is no absolute sense about what is moral that's only going to be within the culture. So yes, Amore is true only in the culture. It's true, but only within the culture.