 So it's a great honor to be able to introduce Kanji and you and I thought I might say a few words about his story his long march as I like to think of it because he We were talking earlier and he said well basically if you're going to be a landscape architect you want to be a farmer first and I'm looking here. I see there's an image of a farmer, but and and Well, I'm not a landscape architect, but I also had an experience in my life for a long time ago when I was as it was something of a farmer and And after that He in 1980 Was I think in the first class in in the forestry University in Beijing studying landscape architecture and he was there for Both undergraduates and graduate And and And and then after that he was five years a teacher in the same institution and then Came to Harvard and was three years for the GSD and Harvard doing I guess a doctorate and then to Brief or not so brief or almost two years in SW a landscape firm on the west coast and Finally going back to China where he started immediately his own firm having the title to escape and and That was in 1998. I think and in 1999 they won the first competition and they this Institution has never looked back and he is extremely active there and Michael Sorkin who Who has this little publishing house called tear form has just published a remarkable book, which is a collection of letters that Congen you wrote to Various politicians In the Chinese government and also the local government of course mayors of towns, but also the president of the Republic himself and and It's really it's really a very illuminating book and and I think it's perhaps rather unique that Practicing landscape architect would be so engaged in the in the task of trying to Rescue the country from the deputations of death certification and flooding and and Well, of course, it's these are worldwide phenomena, but they're particularly Prevalent in China And so I will not delay this much longer, but I should say that he has received 12 s AS LA Awards for Landscape and in and And five WAF Best Landscape Awards and he has Served on the Agar Khan architecture award program. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016 and received a doctor honoris causa from Sapienza University in Rome in 2017 and with that I will I'm happy to present Thank you, Professor Kenneth Frampton It's really a great honor for me to be invited to speak in this lecture series Your book is a Bible, you know for the Chinese students at least here for for many years and also So I really appreciate your work and admire your work and certainly this time is a great honor to hear to To speak About my work and certainly I will welcome you to as a critique again to as my professor So There's a topic I'm to talk is called deep connections and deep forms So people might think that our world is more connected Mentally and physically than ever, you know, Facebook, WeChat, Highways pipelines But we are not So all these visible connections the farmer Working with the line with a very simple tool, but have beautiful Landscape so that's basically I call the deep form So people might think that we are connected Because of all these high tech all these infrastructure all these pipeline power lines But actually we are not These all these visible connections are actually murders of those Invisible symbiotic relationships between So the essential natural and the cultural elements and the processes. I will quote It's a beautiful mind. You know, Nasha, the scientist or the mathematicians There's a dialogue between Nasha and and his wife you know Alicia his you know future be his wife about you are very popular in a ways the girls I Don't exactly know what I am required to say in order for me to have intercourse with you But the code we assume that I said all that I mean Essentially, we are talking about fluid exchange right So could we go just you know straight ahead to go sex So even love today becomes such a simple process Forget the whole process So and that's the result, you know, that's the result of all these messy Result we have seen particularly in China Of a 10% of the most of photo land in China is taken over by I was taken over by urban development 80% of Chinese cities are suffering air pollution flood drought Two-thirds of Chinese cities are suffering drought at the same time we have flood Almost all the city facing flood annual flood and 75% of surface water is polluted 60% of underground water is polluted and the 50% of Habitat What land particularly get lost in the past 50 years? No, that's the situation as Landscape architect have to face That's in China of course, but certainly in us in some part of the world also and conventionally the convention solution of single-minded engineering likes the following Daming dykes pipelines So it's planned all these Actually as I mentioned murder of many deep relationships between the essential natural and the cultural element and process including water food nutrient lives and the beauty These visible connections connecting infrastructure to a several shallow connections and in shallow forms and Meanwhile, we are making big investment on creating Forms to beautify our city, but more than overseas creators a creations are wasteful and in fake forms in last 40 years almost every year China consume over half of cement a third of steel and a third of coal of The whole world and build something we called beautiful So ubiquitous ornamental landscape you can see everywhere in China Now, that's why I call a revolution. I called a big food revolution versus small gentrified little feet So that's a different value at different aesthetics now today. I cause this aesthetic a aesthetic of ecology so we need a Kind of infrastructure the nature-based solutions so by planning and designing ecological infrastructure till they connect those Interrupted relationships water food nutrient and beauty such solutions result in deep forms that stand out that standing in contrast to shallow forms Which has only the superficial Perceptual order and lacks the solidarity of a coherent process Beneath the surface Here I describe as deep form the terraces rice paddy productive beautiful high performance Sustainable and the other is shallow form or fake form unsustainable consumative that's as a shallow form Can be at a larger scale now see the whole China's urbanization pattern 70% of Immigrants 75 70. I mean 70% of urban population Located in the flood flood risk area Now things are happening in the last 40 years so this is a shallow form of urbanization so and the timeless Dependence of human culture and the nature has built up the deepest deepest Bond between peasants and the cell farmland Therefore the creation of deep forms can be inspired by the wisdom of peasantry. I Just talked with Ken is about farming how farming become necessarily part of my Career is because I learned field-making Illegating fertilizing growing and harvesting now these basic skills of farming Because of a survival meaning create deep form you can see it's a beautiful But they have high performance functional For over 20 years my team at Twinscape and the Beijing University Have been testing such solutions in over 200 cities and showcases Showcase the number of a numerous replicable replicable models for healing and Transforming or land at the various scales Basically two levels actions to create deep forms once a planning to create Configurative Configurative deep form the other is a design to create transformative You cannot divide nature with culture between culture. So you have to transform Sir, sir landscape. So basically two categories for my practice So the first category is a planning to achieve this is a configurative Deep forms basically ecological planning Inspired by my cox design with nature of course across the scale from national scale to regional scale for example at national level flood every year flood take only actually less than 1% of national land but we invest 100 billion of dollars Tried to build walls to protect the city to protect the land from being flooded Why do that? Because we have we tried to create those Shallow form So look at that's the result So 70% of GDP Actually produced in the flood plan So that's that's really a shallow form We built a city in the wrong place at the first time So that's the project the largest project my team did it defines the line between nature and culture Try to create a deep configurative form a boundary between nature and urban development and Eventually develop the idea is that what could it be deep form which you mean Adaptive to ecological process particularly flood desertification agricultural land and it come out this idea called food healer strategy Now I'm not going to talk too much about this at regional scale Beijing for example urban sprawl four times spread four times and Take over everything when the infrastructure goes when pipelines goes on highway goes We over use the groundwater drops one meter to two meters every year Every year so all the river in Beijing region you can see dried out But at the same time the street get flooded every year almost every year in 2012 79 people died in the car on the street and on the river in the river So we are in bad fake form So we developed this flood secured pattern to tell the Municipal government to tell to how can we create deep form urban development Integrate with stormwater management habitat protection cultural heritage Protection and the green bicycle lane green green transportation system. So develop this landscape secured pattern infrastructure a Green infrastructure and this green infrastructure will lead Future urban development. So instead of urban sprawl without any Frame with any destruction we say landscape will become the frame this is what What James you guys told Landscape urbanism so landscape leading the way of urban development and now this been done almost 10 years 12 years ago and being partly accepted at a medium scale 10 square kilometer size for example. This is a case we did also about 10 years ago instead of Conventional way you know convention ways of leveling the ground build infrastructure Lay out all this drainage system pipes green infrastructure Now we say why don't take care of why don't protect all these power on the system They've been here for hundred and thousands of years. The farmers Develop this we call the sponge sponge the land the sponge regulating The monsoon climate dry season. They use water to irrigate in monsoon season. So it keeps water So we developed this landscape Infrastructure without pipes. I mean without a drainage pipes, of course use landscape as infrastructure to integrate drainage Bicycle pedestrian and park system together and the divorce is area save a lot of money 15% of Investment can be saved without the leveling the leveling the ground without laying pipes and create Infrastructure based on using landscape that was rendering 10 years ago and this was built So the whole city almost the whole city in Wuhan was flooded in a year ago. You know, it's a big flood for the Basically urban inaudition urban flood this town survive Because we created a resilient landscape Not depending on the pipe length pipe lines and this landscape become a Filtrator Become spawned to irrigate the water and we don't need water to irrigate as a landscape. So trees save a lot of money So this is basically the strategy of planning Create a configurative Deep form across a scale from national scale regional scale to urban to Community individual city scale now and I want to spend more time on this the second strategy is a design and Engineering to create transformative deep forms these are very these are typical transformative deep forms Here you cannot separate Culture from nature So terraces you don't know where is a culture with culture, but the culture is dripping over The nature pattern So it's deep form. It's deep form and the building of course is a Italian or video is a building beautiful. You cannot divide you can separate nature from culture How how can we create an upgraded model for of deep form to solve today's problem? There's a first principle of first approach is make friends with flood annual flood damage cost 10 billion I mean hundred billion US dollars in China every year and 10,000 and 10 million people Affected each year. Yeah, all rivers in China basically been channelized like that been damned and channelized in order to protect from being flooded But that's only make case worse For 5,000 years. We are fighting against flood by this kind of solution So we take a nature based solution. This is a case. We we we did at 2003 in Zhejiang province the river been channelized and There's a mayor get a lot of complaints from the farmers Because the farmers the buffalo have no place to drink water Usually the buffalo go to the creek to the river to drink water now Buffalo have no place to go to the swim to the bath to get water so he have to call Coming as a landscape actor to say to see how can we find a better solution to make this, you know Save for Buffalo, but actually also save for people and and and to make beautiful certainly the carves of nature Right the process will remove the concrete and the carves of nature But certainly that's based on science So we analyze where actually the water go, you know, so that's 10 year flood 20 year flood 50 year flood. So actually flood didn't go anywhere, you know flood half place to go So why don't you adapt to the flood pattern to create a Urban development and the landscape so that we can have a deep form without war so that's That's before in 2002 now that's today again transformative Create a buffer create a resilient landscape so that we can adapt to this Seasonal or Monsoon climate. This is actually the dike and that's a inner lake You know, that's a so share people and water share the space Because Monsoon only come for a month two months Flood can only come maybe for two hours. So why bother to build a line between the people and water so as these become a Sponge a sponge resilient season in my hometown even more serious flood wall a big river So again, we are successful convince the local mayor Transform it remove all the concrete and plays with eco-friendly Landscape terraced So terraced landscape learn by learn learn from farmer, you know very little simple cut and fill create a terraces Become friend with with water not against that. So a hundred flood come out as you are immediate after The park was built People get it surprised, you know, the whole park been flooded, but it just two Weeks later the flood goes and the land become fertilized More flourish, you know more lush vegetation Come seeing and one doing the dry season the park become This kind of accessible landscape So it's a resilient landscape make friend with flood share the space between you know between people and water The second principle to create deep form is to go productive as I mentioned China has 20% of world population, but only have 8% of world Able land and 10% of which have got lost in the past 30 to 40 years due to urban development When you fly in to Hanzhou, you will see this is a massive scale of Urbanization took over and you virtually take over all this fertile land so this case Building 2003 I want to demonstrate that Productive can come back to the city and use the space we have in the in the in the I mean the green space can be productive So this is a same young Architecture or Janzhu University one square kilometer in size So we collect the stone water and use a stone water to irrigate The field and make a field for rice planting and put Children put students studying rooms right in the middle of the rice paddy So that's a water collection pond is an irrigation system. She's a classroom That was the site It was in March and the president of the campus went to The school of the school wanted to open the campus in six months So how can you build a campus in six months and he had no budget? Because he was all the budget for the building, you know, all the Chinese client one of the buildings. Okay archetypes beautiful But I have no budget for landscape and he wanted to make a unique Beautiful still how can we do it? So as I said, it's a ring water is free You know collect the ring water and irrigate this land and create a landscape which can be beautiful and no budget Because all the Chinese farmers now how to cultivate is a land Minimum cost even cheaper than a long right and a piece of long So that's a that's become a really a rice paddy farm And this it really says the local farmers are coming to rest to raise Sheeps here, you know gold sheep and the students using the space the professors here and study rooms as a pass from the library to the classroom as a user space certainly this is a Post-agriculture, you know, this is a I mean this is a productive agriculture, but it's urbanized. It's urban How happy here professor here Because he can Walk on the path work on the path to the classroom over the field over the field But he's happy, you know why because he's had shoes on If you have bare feet, you will not be happy. I mean I work in the farm with bare feet So and the dressed so that's a new aesthetic when a population When when a population like 40 40 years ago only 10% or 20% of population in urban area now we have 80 I mean 70 50 58% 58% become urbanized So about 80% of urban population Have the loot in the farm So now when they look back the farm Look back to the rice paddy It's a feeling of upgrade in upgraded of feeling of a kind of distance, but still connected So the new aesthetics come to the society You see people the former farmers come back to visit as a rice paddy here Yeah, and as a student gets involved for rice planting. They have rice planting season They have half the season. So it's become a cultural performative, you know activities So that's a and even in winter terms We keep patches of rice paddy in the field Because as I mentioned I was a farmer When I was farmer my father told me that when you harvest the rice paddy You better keep patches of rice in the field You know why because if you harvest it all if you cut all the rice the rats So rats will come to your house But in this case The animals the birds the rats will be kept in the field So the birds will watch it. You know, it's illegal. It's a take off take all these rats So that's that's ecology as ecology and certain you produce food So become a treasure like like a like a Token iconic token for this for this campus So that's an experiment which is 15 years ago now we Replicate this idea at even larger scale Here in America we call the agricultural urbanism or urban agriculture. Yeah, this is a case in in Chizoh in Zhejiang province Chizoh is a city During World War two the American Force Air Force supports the land in the city, but they fail right because the distance to Tokyo to here But this is a city called a Chizoh city. They have an airport at that time And it's as a site you can see it's an abandoned farm and is a floodplain also That's a site that was a site an Urban development happening surrounding the whole area, but abandoned farm So we recover the farm and create a flood adaptive landscape Adjusted to these adapt to this river and also make as a landscape productive again Here the fields Become productive but also urbanized people can use this space. This is a Pavilion we also inspired by local Pavilions for rest for shade For farming but also for urban Recreation you can see the buildings Totally surrounding these areas floating above this floodplain. You can have these a pavilion So that's a site again as a we The cup we revives agricultural technique very simple agricultural technique create this pond system to regulate water the dry season and Wet season and the planted and they're rotated, you know the crops As very simple, right rotating as a very Ancient wisdom, so you don't have to fertilize the soil because the crops produce fertilizer But during the season Sunflower season you can have sunflower you can canola flower you can meadows year-round year-round So it's basically farming you can see 20,000 people Attracted every day to this park particularly during the Flower season flower season and during the media during the social media time When one flower open the whole city now that So become a huge festival Come to the now today you can you just after three years you can see the large vegetation the floodplain the pond collecting water and this is a skywalk and this is the city's growing surrounding this this park and certainly socially performative three three yoga teams Function here every day every day So that's urban agriculture and we have several projects more projects like that The third value as the third I mean the third principle is the values are ordinary and the reuse and the recycle Hundreds of millions of square meters were built in the past for decades and there's a same amount of almost the same amount of buildings been demolished Million squares every year every year. Yeah, like that So we basically demolish all the old buildings None exist almost every city become lost with lost memory so This is the first project. I went back to China and it was it was designed in 1999 When a whole factory get bankrupted is in Guangdong near Hong Kong in Zhongshan. It's a shipyard park 5000 used to 500 people used to work here. So 1995 got bankrupted building 1950s So what should we do? The mayor come to me say when I demolish everything please come to design a fancy park for me So when I saw the picture, I said no, we should not demolish When you demolish with we immediately get you know, we lose we lose contact with history so I were able to convince him to stop the process of demolition and design a park based on the existing industrial structures That's the setting is a shipyard and connect as a river Have a what have a lake in the middle was we keep everything including the trees every trees will be protected and keep the Real road answers the buildings that size was a site now that was build So keep so you can see this the change of the cities off the growing of the cities off It used to be the valley dirty brownfield and And as a land is a sword ship now becomes the most expensive area becomes a living Living yard of the whole city as was a site at the beginning in 1999 now transform it So transformation adapts a flood The river is connected to the ocean. So it's a have a tide 1.1 meter daily So these the terraces is designed to adapt as a flood adapt this is a tide and the recovering the ecology of the site has another angle the two structures are recovered You can you can see here is a three five-star hotels built around this Park now Becomes the most sort after place Again here we created the landscape which Terracing to the to the waterfront Make friends with with with the tide. She has a structure kept they used and the five-star shirton hotel here and as an international five-star hotel here is the most Expensive apartment building In this area that was as before Is it today? to 2500 couples Take photos Every year here wedding photos. So it was one of the most favorite wedding place in Pearl River Delta area. That was real road. This was built By the way, this is the same kind of your road. You guys did much fancy, of course this one We keep the rustic, you know messy Tried to create a messiness To get the memory of the site now told suddenly becomes a traction for this For these people and become a fashion show place fashion show Yeah, so I so ordinarily yes for the first time You you you guys know all about Chinese garden, you know, these the pavilions the rockery these bridges these corridors but we Creates these totally different aesthetics now at the beginning things were totally been, you know controversial at that time There's a huge Jewelry for this project and all only one support this project All of them against this because if they said they have nothing to do with the Chinese tradition Yeah, so it's a new definition of aesthetics a new Aesthetics or new funicular. I will say the how can we value so ordinarily this kind of culture happened 50 years ago 30 years ago. She's also Chinese culture, right? It's a red culture now we have these kind of so we need to something to memory to the memory source So the entrance gate is a red box as interest to tell the story of the red culture of the past I will say socialist Socialism industry As an entrance box very simple but the totally a new Interpretation of the Chinese culture at the beginning people don't understand You know big they think it's a very Western. It's totally Western But I told them he's a totally Chinese look at this Look at three three kids to have red scar In China to wear a red scar it means you behave well. You're good behavior You are you are he's selected. It's an honor to have red scar This one is have not You see Poor you know, very sad very sad Yeah, and it's a color Chinese color In America, it's a stock market these days, you know red But in China if red is up So so color have a cultural meaning color has culture meaning. So I That's that's the trying to develop the vernacular Chinese or the modern China So four principles the first principle it to minimize the intervention To maximize the return But in the in the past 40 years all the engineering work is to maximize the change Not engineering work not investment not concrete Can we do minimal, you know So this is a case you want to show to demonstrate that if we do minimal we can still have these Make make a provide surfaces, but at the same time we can also make totally different landscape beautiful those as I said in Coast city Qinghwando in in in North China very dirty, but the messy Ecology, you know very lush. Yeah As I said conventionally where people will remove everything, but here we just Keep us it is Nothing almost nothing almost nothing change. No terrain change. No movement or us just put one bench The red bench the bench is 500 meter long 500 meter long and it can can fulfill all desires of urban Resistance, you know, they want to see King. I mean they want to seek safety seating Lighting boardwalking So that's all that's what we need. We don't have to change the nature. So that's built as built Just put one bench. So rest of them will keep untouched Even sees we called the weeds. You know messy weeds Nothing have to be changed In China, we have, you know, the landscape you will see and Steve maybe a lot of this kind We have you can go you have, you know pie and beautiful trees But those are totally I mean costy Excessive here. We got anything as it is messy, but suddenly this place become a Favorite place a safe place for the people you can see Look at this is a three ladies in the morning in the night is still here Takes it yeah all those space because there's a few upgraded, you know, so few Urbanized modernized even even even so they're still in the messy nature Now this I saw a minimal intervention You don't have to go to cosmetic surgery a plastic surgery here doctor You just need a band. You need a little bit of band. You can turn messiness into Into beautiful landscape. That's why we did the seedlings Again nothing change Like this cleanup just put a bench through it now become such an attraction for Wrestling wrestling by the way in 2008 Condom Nuster Travel Magazine America named as one of new seven wonders of the world So yeah, so yeah together with this as Olympic Stadium in London and this is a power Do by tower that was a sight now that's a that's a mess in this nature No maintenance No allegation No fertilizer That was the site as in the night people use it even in the night in winter and In the snow and nothing change just put one bench So this is a minimized intervention when think about China you will have such mega resources natural resources So we have to keep all the natural assets as much as possible, but at the same time still get Urbanized or get upgraded or get we call the civilized The fifth principle is a good pause Green sponge for a water resilient city as I as I mentioned over 60% of Chinese cities are suffering urban flood The conventional solution of course the drain away When learn from all the developed countries build pipes drain away all the water, but we are running out of water So why don't we keep the water? Instead of a drink away water, so we are inspired again by the farming technique in Pro River Delta James you did a lot closer there Pro River Delta like that, you know like that porous before it was well, it was it was messy well, but somehow Thousand years ago people come here to cultivate the land What's the simplest way simple the way is a cut and fill cut create a pound of a fish and fill it create Deck for mulberry so that's quite great is a cold culture. So beautiful culture, but also, you know productive porous So that's the family the solution can also be solved today's urban problems. So that's urban problem is a project in Harbing in North China 33 hectare in size right in the middle of a new town It was planned as a park, but people don't know how to do this park So I was coding to design a park like that. So I tried to test then the porous landscape. This is a sponge collect water Keep the water clean the water and recharge the aquifer. Now that was a site Urban development all right surrounding the whole area with a park so Chasm service that my first sketch porous cut and fill left leave the central along and put a work above it That's a cut feel cut feel put people above it now the water run Into it so all the spawn all the storm water run into the park and Filtrated and cleans it. That's a test actually dirty water Cleaner and cleaner and go charge in the middle. So minimum touch again Leave the central part open as well and created. So that's a set in the situation as As the first rendering you can see the boardwalk above the porous landscape that was about diversity And and you can just use one machine Not to one machine you created the landscape So that's ball is that's the main benefit of the industrial technology and minimize the import That was a site again as a today today as porous landscape at periphery Cut and feel cut feel cut feel cut feel that's feel cut feel so you can see all these Filtration porous landscape as a couple years later. You will see you look at before and no no city here That's in just two two years. So these become a central part basically of the whole whole new town That's filtering system dirty cleaner and clean water as a few Couple years later or like that That's what's just built first year built all system will be as porous sponges two years later So filled with abundance of Vegetations adapt to this kind of well-line system. Now that's a test you see so the result come out my student is a Research a PhD actually do the observation based on this experiment and We found that 10% of green space will be next will be enough in this area To solve the urban inaudition problem. No pipes. We don't need pipes in this case Certainly in the South China won't be maybe 20% maximum So that's can solve the problem of urban inaudition use landscape and Still at the same time not just only solve the urban inaudition problem but also you create a habitat and also public space for the people and the birds Hundreds of birds come to the site in the city. So we also have bird watching Pavilions certainly a little form here. You can see bamboo with test different material stone rocks wood to as a pavilion to to see To watch the nature the experience nature and This idea can be at the very small at your backyard. So this is my small project in in France As a demonstration, how can you create your own sponge in at your backyard? That's as a backyard case. You can see he sees a mountain shumon shumon shumon Shinto shumon because that's a small ring garden cut and fill and create a Filtrating system and use a green water as a reflection pond to create a little art It's become a fashion again a place for fashion show. You can see Simple very simple is bamboo sticks painted bamboo pass And what about as if you know not that not about water is a soil as mentioned 60 over 60 percent of urban soil is polluted Now that can be very expensive if you want to change it or even the clean it. I know in America. We have law For for soil the brownfield. We just did a walking a small project in Seattle in Hyde Park It's we have to seal it, you know, you either change it or you seal it otherwise, you know You're not pass. So in in China even so we don't have this kind of law But if you want to clean this kind of landscape in this case Valley Auckland, you know Auckland urban sewage run into this place very dirty, of course Again, we create a poor porous landscape porous that nature work Stone water the ring water the ring water is just acid. So as acid water go together with the Auckland soil You create chemical reaction right create habitat Different pH value will have different habitat. So let the nature take over then Actually, not so slow in just three years This kind of landscape will be transformed like like that Porous landscape collect stone water as huge fairly simple cut and fill farming technique But to create a totally different Landscape habitat in deep water shallow water dry pond. So you have totally adaptive vegetation the native vegetation created You see people actually love this kind of landscape. There was a couple years ago The government tried to gentrify this place and try to create a park along books was You know those and the people against that So the right led it to the mayor's and and to me and we we become a league Become a team to fight against gentrification of this side So now this park basically keep like messiness like this and this is a functional You know, it's a test to show how the pH value changed how the soil quality change and how the native species Increase in this in this area The seventh principle is a design ecologist for water cleansing as I mentioned 75% of the national service water is Polluted like that basically all the lakes heavily polluted Certainly big basically new chain rich, you know a fortress, you know, you fortress new chains nitrogen force flasks Basically fertilizers Back 30 years ago farmer world loves this because they can use it in a fertilizer Yeah, but today because the industrial idea of a bio is a chemical fertilizer from the factory and Overuse it in the field and run into the lake and the pollutants the whole system. So we could inspired by farming Technique the wisdom based on understanding of social I mean science and ecology. You create liplicable terrace model and design abstracted quantified and tested post POE post operational evaluation test and it become Liplicable and create a model changes a new create a new language to replicate across the scale at different scale now this experiment build 2009 Shanghai Expo It's 10 hectares in size one miles long as a site heavily polluted water and soil so we want to test this as Cleanser as a living machine to clean the water from fairly dirty We call the 5th grade 5th grade to clean water, which can be used of a swimmable clean water use one miles long wetland Sub-surface wetland basically learn from farming in our terraces aquaculture, so that's cascade wall to Create oxygen in water aviation Back in the sewage pond you need the energy to run the aeration, but here actually use the landscape We created a 300-meter long cascade wall to create Oxygen and the oxygen as water become fertilizer and the you know transforming a plant love this kind of water That was a site terraces use farming technology simple and grow it Tell us in grow it Tell us in but here we want to demonstrate how different plant species Can be planted and demonstrate to tell us a story that water can be cleansed by by plant so they now become a demonstration to show So after one mile one week each one drip of water from the source to the end it take one week but a daily One cubic daily One hectare of wetland can produce 800 cubic meter of clean water like that and be used in It was used in Shanghai export during the export time And we certainly tested to see how this is functional so that we can replicate now It's functioning very well for over five years All the data we got all the data observation So it's deeply based this form is deeply based on this ecological process. Certainly you have harvesting this process of harvesting No, basically farming rice paddy beans every Product crops is rotating again here you rotate and also you create this biodiversity 20 species of birds come to the site and Of course, you would integrate with art with beauty people messy native native Ries plants integrate with a little bit shape Form here and become again a loved place in Shanghai And again, we replicates this experiment at even larger scale since just finished last Last year High call Hainan Island to some island But it was notorious for pollutants all the rivers like that like that These are just these are photo just two years ago. Just two years ago. So that's a little river so we are going to transform the whole river use this idea of Technique very simple deep form remove the concrete first because they Didn't hope they didn't help the cleanser the water But engineering I just keep trying these things for for 20 years. It didn't work So that's the landscape. We are calling to to have a different approach. That was basically a garbage site, you know before and we tell us it farming it creates this Tell us the landscape and the cleans against his hair That's right. Yeah So not only is a urban Stormwater runoff, but also sewage. It's a sewage very simple treatment of sewage clean up, you know, all those smell and and Bacteria so the rest of them will just fertilizer so use this Agricultural process the harvest to clean up the water and also at some time create beauty and people love it every day 100,000 people use this park as you see become a Equational park certainly everything is designed is a design ecology a design system But here even here you can see how buffer create water Change of color you see dirty water clean water even here you can visible Certainly you have place to take a rest That's the water run into the ocean being cleansed and you take place you have resting place have ocean and Also, we observe it. We have all the data to show people that this landscape is performative you can use it everywhere basically in China to replace so expensive Sewage plant in some case in some case not always but in this one that says the water is nutrient rich And so the green solutions, I mean all these models can be used Integrated for whole river system or for whole city. Now, this is a long river in in this is a city about 12 12 12 mile and 12 kilometers long That's the case. That's the existing existing pre-existing and So we clean the river Integrating all these techniques I mentioned stonewater collection cleansing of soil and and the water aleation and create Transforming the landscape as is before as after before after Before and after Yeah, certainly you will have these urban furnitures for student use for people to use and and become such a welcomed green corridor for the whole city and Catalysts are urban to women and it's a Lewis to the double in just two years at both side of the river So the whole city can be transformed We imagine, you know, that's the site of the city called the Liu Panshui city in West China is industrial city 60 square kilometer in size is almost 1 million population Pollution water storm water problem Channelize the concrete river So the river runs through it So de-channelize it remove all the concrete they cover all the tributaries all the Stormwater run System landscape and put patches of well and cleans it and not enough We put all the pond system because a sponge across the whole city so basically you create a Sponges the city and that was before two years later Over like that fish come back, you know soften says the river being soft. It was before two years later The pond system Inspired by farming It's pond system When the pond link together, they will be functioning us in a cleaning system a few traitor Also create a habitat for biodiversity and also a park people use Yeah, a lot of people use it every day now these have become our international well-laid park named as a you know Give even give identity to the whole city Not only in China as a part of the world also Russia says in Kasan Pakistan Kasan a lake polluted you know in neutral it was a brownfield So we get this is a competition awarded and as they're very quick actually the builders is in one year, right as Was a rendering at the beginning that was a site before It's the same idea of Futureing system was built because he's a she's got a world cup in football world cup Yeah, so these are that was built they'll build in May and They told me every day 50,000 people 50 Physicists inside the waterfront. You can see it's waterfront again. These are terraces few trading system to clean the water again create a Urban waterfront for people to use How packed whole city come to this place and of course we are the biodiversity man nature eventually come together and finally We can build as a deep form in home Intergroup with the building Even so very small solution, but I imagine in China at least 50 billion square meters of buildings and Two billions squares of new buildings increase every year and almost none of them is green Building energy efficient almost all of them are wasteful and it consume a third of National energy consumption 30% energy is consumed by all these Beautiful buildings beautiful cities lighting every night like that So how can we do that? You know, how can we? Do a little bit work and transform it to become green city of green building. This is my own apartment collect the stone water solar energy and it turns the balcony into productive balcony vegetables and another part another balcony will be a ring garden on the balcony. It's a fifth floor So it's a productive vegetables, so I can collect from the roof every year 50 tons 52 cubic meter of of stone water from the roof and irrigate Store it you know store it irrigate and and produce 32 kilos of vegetable for salad for salad for the kitchen That's another little balcony stone water garden near the front. That's my back my bedroom Yeah, it's just open. You feel fragrance in every day because Garden near we have all these different osmanthus all kind of flowers So you still feel you know in the night you get all these fragrance and in the bedroom I mean is a living room also so wall Transform into a living wall Now this is a living was different from the source of living wall in the in the airport Right, you you saw those living were very expensive expensive. You have to you know neutral You have to fertilize that you have make a container here. We make off rocks. Oh This plant just come out from the rock. You know what that's a That's my observation. I Build I mean I transform the building as an apartment in 2009 And they come out all this moss mosses Next year fun coming 30 year For the air of the firm big takeover become abundant now that today today Very little maintenance. You just irrigate this wall. You saw storm water and this wall create some Gas called a juice mouth juice mouth, you know the smell the juice mouth scientists Report says that it become a cure. It can become a cure for depression If you have this wall, you you don't need to get messy Now but more important it's a cool office a whole Apartment I don't have to an air condition in the summer and the winter It gets evaporate, you know humid humidifies the whole building because in China Beijing very dry in so in the winter and very hot in summer So I live with it and I can save a lot of energy 2000 kilowatt of energy can be safe without turning air conditioning and and and the humidifier That's what become a learning center and people come here every month. I have to give lecture sometime Communities people come here to learn Now that's a very small solution, but for big problems because if all the building Can save one-third of energy we can virtually Demolish all the big dams in China We can virtually have don't need any Hydro-powers because those are very destructive for the overall landscape So that's a small solution for big change So to conclude I will say Facing the unprecedented massive scale and unsustainable transformation of the earth And as a devastating ecological degradation Obviously the side effects of industrialization and urbanization We need to revolutionize our approach to reconfigurate the relationship between nature and development and the hills the transformation and the hill Is a degrading environment as a land so that I called big feet revolution the nature based and performative solution to create deep connections and deep forms and That's a that's a this image Back 2000 years ago how the Chinese vision, you know see the Relationship between the land and the people's settlement and the people's construction owns the land So we think I think like a king The big the nation this is a globe but act like a person All the technique all the technology all the design actually a Passing tree a peasant technology cut and feel growing Elegating fertilizing harvesting That's the most efficient most cheap solutions But in order to like a king you have to convince a king you have to make Make kind of briefs. That's why I Michael talking. I don't know Michael is yeah He asked me to advertise his book So that's he's a new book called let it to leaders of China because the leader so powerful Like a king you have to convince them if you can convince the kings you can solve the problem Transforms the Earth's gate the whole national landscape, but still you need this is a skill I call it design ecologies Inspired by farming by passenger. Thank you. Thank you for listening. Yeah It is great. The way you end with your own apartment and and this wall which is unbelievable and the transformation of the wall Yeah, and what is the good? What is it the name of the gas that it gives off called Joe's mouth? Joe's environment engineer. I usually want to get rid of from the from the water, you know because smells Dirty smells so when you go to a mountain you'll you can have this smell It's a reaction between some bacteria and this water So there's a rock is a very simple the rock actually is a porous porous limestone So what I mean is that you walk with the nature? Right Thank you for that talk. It was very inspiring But you end with this comment about convincing the king and Do you think that China is a particular situation because once you're able to convince? government officials they have they function obviously in an autocratic Country they might function differently than in another setting Yeah a two cents. I will say two cents first of all Think like king, which mean you have a vision you need a vision This can be anywhere So you take the whole globe as your own territory your kingdom your kingdom I think that's why we have to think big as a landscape octet. We think global I think It's a whole territory National continental the globe as a as a terribly so particularly in this time of climate change or globalization We have the same a big picture But how can make this vision to work now in different How to realize this vision in different system we have to work differently in China. We we have this top-down system So physically the king is powerful right physically. We have to have this structure This administrative structure. So if you convince it the top leader You will basically Makes the work, you know finished so your vision become his vision or his vision, you know, we Becomes in the right direction with so that's a See top-down system, but here in America you have this bottom-up system So the vision is a king, but you have to work with the bottom up because the king is the is voted by this You know these individuals I Did some work here also in America in some small piece like Boston Chinatown Park and Seattle Hingham Park. It's very small, but I know I think this is a process totally different Here you have also public healing Yeah, you have to go to meeting the meeting meeting, you know, you have And that's a process to convince the public I Think if you you know, that's a different way, but in China, you know I think it's a system in some way work with the environment may be more efficient If you have the right idea if it's a picker's idea like the sponge a sit or not become a national movement Because the president loves his idea. So he He promotes his idea and there's a whole machine the national machine work for creating sponge sit and national scale I Think it's James you work with a sponge city also, right? In China. Yeah, so I think it's that so vision is a king but king, but I think it worked differently Yes Why why I'm doing that you're for my own business or for their no Companies in China resisting that Resisting this kind of project. Yeah. Yeah, right Actually at the beginning. Yes at the beginning. I mean I start with myself and my wife You were started with you know ground zero. We have now we have 600 people in 20 years So you will see that people actually began Snowboarding you know began to accept this idea because we have already something built sick Experiences they see it says visualize, you know, so you can see it So I think it's basically this okay This is one store one part of the story for the private company for business and also the business as a total So property value doubled tripled, you know in two years in three years because of this kind of project So they are convinced so convinced Secondly in China the most of my project is actually paid by the government So it's a municipal project. It's a civic project. So So that's why you if the the mayors you convince the mayor the mayor This you makes work down. Yeah in two cases. I mean but which also means that the mayor gradually pick up these ideas say you know in China as soon as you have a successful project Explosive media the mayor for come to visit and Particularly also in my case. I speak to mayors forum Each year, you know in China, we have mayors forum Say training mayors because the mayor changed every four years, you know, you have to keep training, you know keep training So I give give a talk every year like maybe 20 30 lectures to mayors forum sometimes 200 mayors all together. No, that's very efficient I Think of fun. So you show them examples sick sick get idea. Yeah over there. Yes, yeah And besides as inexpensive, you know, besides they are they're cheap to put to build Thank you for the lecture. Dr. Yu I'm just curious about like Implementation of Feng Shui whether it has become part of your design philosophy because you mentioned earlier You have experienced the culture of Lucian and they kind of hinder superstitious like full old as a factor of it Like can you talk more about it? Can you can you make it a bit clearer with how to hear you? Can you start the implementation of Feng Shui whether become your part of design philosophy? Feng Shui, okay, that's another topic, but But I actually I am very interested at the beginning in my early career I I have a book actually on Feng Shui So basically Geomancy in English Devon you find a location Indians there, you know, so American Indian also have same Same idea of finding a location which have good for say so from say actually very simple, you know, you just For survive Best location adapts the nature you know good Good view good view means you have prospect and you have a refugee, you know There's a theory but by the English writer called Appleton. He had a theory of prospect and refuge So you hide yourself and and this can be can see other people So that's good Feng Shui basically so it's evolved based on you know, you secure feel secure safe yeah, and the Practitioners in Hong Kong's they have very complicated Feng Shui practice which I really Adopt about this necessary But but to me Feng Shui is a early version of landscape practice okay Sighting find the best location avoid any any disaster To get the most benefit from nature. Yeah There was another question there. Yes Hi. Hello. Thank you for such an interesting lecture was very inspiring I had What you named and I would like also if you could expand a little bit the idea of urbanization and so how the villagers were asking for that urbanization and then you made for example in your one bench project right that was The implementation of urbanization So if you could expand on that a little bit will be interesting here a little more of that and also the the cultural aspect from in this case China by using the Pond or the farmers culture into creating a new landscape because for example if we look now at New York's future plan and how they look into climate is more a war on climate As in we need to defend ourselves from that climate But this is a whole different culture and it changed So if you could expand a little bit on those two concepts. Okay. Yeah. Well, the first question is about why How the red banter can make people feel urbanized or pure Upgrade or feel gentrified a few Get identity or something right? I think that's that's a whole story about you know the balance between ecology and art or ecology and human human marks, right? Human become human because they want to put a marks All right, they want to create their own identity Even even tigers want to put their own identity Scratch the scratch is a tree Yeah, so I think that's necessary people want to but it's a thing that how much is Necessarily how much is needed to put on your mark on the landscape so that you create your own identity So a piece of art. I think that's enough. Maybe yeah, you don't have to transform the whole landscape and And that's that's why the Chinese rural villages of farmers. They wanted to be you know Upgraded become urbanized. They're looking for this coat, you know, so high Yeah, so that's I think so it's a little piece of red bench Modern contemporary design will you know minimize the impact of nature, but also maximize the people's you know feeling of Put their marks on the landscape the second question I will say about as a culture is a cultural trans or cultural transition or something how you Code basically culture is a college I would say culture and ecology is the same thing to me So one definition of culture is ways of adaptation to natural environment That's why you create diverse diversity of culture You have dry land you create dry dry land culture in my country in Southeast Asia We have I talked with we just can is just discussed we have this aquaculture in as a monsoon climate rice party So in order to grow rice for survival you you create you need to tell us is land Well back in England your country will you don't need to tell us because You have very mild climate Right, you pass through landscape. You just risk cattle So you create total different different cultural approach to the adaptation to adapt to the landscape Well climate will change will change this if too much rain fall into England I think you need to tell us the land also Otherwise you create erosion, you know, you create you need to you need to end as a Crop in order to survive. Yeah, that's I think culture and nature here will come together ecology will Adaptation is culture one just here. Maybe that's the last one. Yeah Thank you so very much Since you inspired us to think as a king, I have a rather big but very abstract question and I've been thinking that actually even though we tend to think of China as an industrial powerhouse But actually cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai Are really post-industrial cities already we've moved all of the cities into the surrounding countryside so we are dealing with a Situation whereby the majority of the population are actually living in post-industrial conditions and in that sense China today is not so different from America and I wonder if you have an ultimate Vision about where should we live? I'm very inspired by your idea that human beings are stupid. We've always picked the wrong places to live Where the flood will come and or on top will build houses on top of sinkholes and so on but ultimately Xi Jinping is trying to get people to move back to the countryside and yet Most of your projects isn't all of your projects are actually in New areas of all cities so I'm just trying to think if you have a way to Get us past the post-industrial present Past post post industrial part get get beyond the post industrial get beyond I think you're right I think this is a question is It's a very serious. It's a way is a way of how we urbanize how we create a new Civilizing your lifestyle. I I still think that we are in a wrong track to try to push Immigrate, you know go to the city still I mean still the government still try to to urbanize I mean to put the more to encourage Immigrants from the low low so abandon the village so village decaying, you know a third of the of the buildings Empty So actually right now we have we were thinking of to revitalize those villages at least in some Suburban area at least in some area the village will be become you'll become de-fatalized or become best look for the future the best location for the future We have several Test right now as another subject. We try to create a new lifestyle in Those villages which is accessible because it's a speed train because of the highway. So make those village to become a future ideal Place for people to live to walk to enjoy life and it's particularly for old aged people I That's why I think as urbanization in China is much being pushed it's We make a mistake and still making mistake That's why I think we can avoid all those mistakes face for example building over the floodplain but because China is an intellectually Or professionally we have ten years of cultural evolution which we have nobody Be educated in to do right planning to write design to write ecology, you know, I I mean We still think you know as Americans the best model for urbanization, right? We still follows as Los Angeles model we still buildings highways as a urban sprawl Because we don't have people enough people to get You know get up to this top level to understand this is what's what mistake we have made here You know, we don't know of J. J. Jacob. I mean, it's a great success and we don't know my hug in 1975 in 1970s with the first time I read in my class book is The whole city the whole said only one copy and the import of the book is Controlled by some ministry So you have to go into the particular place to read the books amazing Now so as a whole generation we are missing, you know to understand what is a good way to urbanize to develop to modernize So I think we miss a big mistake We miss a big opportunity That's why right now still China a long way to go we have still maybe and as a Several hundred million people go to the city, right? So that's why I think we need to take it and revolutionally thinking that's the ecological thinking Good way to end Thank you