 Mi ydym John Cooper, a dyna'r ffellow o'r society of Antichories, ac yn y gweld y dyma, rwy'n ddau'r ysgrifennu 16th Cymru, yng Nghymru yng Nghymru, yw'r ysgrifennu, yw'r ysgrifennu, ac mae'n gwybod, rwy'n gwybod, ymlaen i'r tydau. yma yma yw'r ysgrifennu sydd eisiau yn y cyfnod, yw'r ysgrifennu o Antichories, yw ysgrifennu 125, yw'r ysgrifennu o'r cyfnod, rwy'n gwybod, dweud o'r rhain gyda Mary I. Mae yw'r ysgrifennu o'r Ysgrifennu o Antichories yn y 18th Cymru, i ffatt yw'r ysgrifennu, y 11th May 1769, bydd yw'r ysgrifennu ddau'r Dane Barrington. Mae'r bydd yw'r ysgrifennu ffalubol, boi hynny'n edrych i'w meddwl yn unrhyw uwch i'w rhaid o'r iechyd scaf ac oedd y bydd y cônnáu i ddweud rhaid. Mae'r unrhyw ymwybu yna, ond y page yma efallai mae'r title bydd nhw'n cyfrgynnu ar y lyfr yma yng Nghymddian 1553. roedd gennymrwyntiaid â'r rhagleniaid i'w pwysig y Lleodraeth Lleodraeth a Lleodraeth Gweithreid. Ac mae'r gwerthu ddatgani hyn yn cael ei mheirio i'ch gw Bahreul a neill gweithio mewn cyfeydd yn y ddechrau i'r ddweud gan mae'r dewisau a'r gwahanol Aberthorff, ac mae'n gweithio i'r ddweud. Mae'r ddweud yn ei ddweud. Mae ydyn nhw'n chi wnaeth ei ddoron ni wedi ganddoeth i'w ddweud ac rwyf yn ddweud Dyna oedd y gendahol oedd yma, ac mae'n gwaith ymweld i chi'n meddwl i'r llyfr gan ymddangos cyflog. Mae'r rhaid i'r regime ar y cyflogau a'r regime yn lleidio'r regime. Mae'n ffawr o'r meddwl i'r listio gyda'r meddwl yma cyflogau yma i'r listio, See if she can get rid of any staunch Protestants in her household or out in the country who may not be as loyal to her as she wants them to be. The most striking thing about this manuscript, as you can see is this richly illuminated title page, and that's very interesting in itself because of Of course, we associate illuminations more with sacred books, but of course that culture has been more or less Destroyed by the reformation introduced by Henry VIII and accelerated on to Henry卯 son... yma. Ieithwyr yma, ond weithio'r rhaid i ddau cyd-egi, a'n cael ei wneud hynny i'r cwrdd eithaf o'r cwrdd, ond yw'r cyfrifio ddeuol, ond mae'n unig o'r gweithio'r rhaid i'r rhysnod o'r cyfrifio i'r cyfrifio cytrion yn ymdweithio. If you look at this closely, you would see that we have Imperial Crowns atop a couple of the illuminated title pages and those crowns are closed which shows that Mary is claiming to be an Empress of England. She's not just a Queen, she's an Empress. The detail on these crowns is really beautiful if you look very closely you can see not only crosses, but flbetween the leaf worked into the crowns. Rhaid i'w rhaid i'r cyffredin o'r Rhaid i England. A rhaid i'w ddweud gweld y cyffredin o'r llefnod o'r llefnod o'r llefnod. Ond ydy'r llefnod o'r llefnod o'r llefnod, mae'n dda yn amlwg a rhaid i'w ddweud gweld eich pomegranu. Yn y gallu ddweud o'r llefnod o'r llefnod o'r llefnod inni yn y Cyfrifolio Fantygrifedd. Roedd yma'r lleffnod o'r llefnod o'r llefnod o'r llefnod o'r llefnod, Catherine of Aragon. Of course Catherine of Aragon's marriage to Henry VIII had been declared invalid. Hence the break from Rome, the Reformation and Mary had herself been declared illegitimate. But this is Mary's claim of legitimacy. If you look at this manuscript closely you would see that the crown and the royal arms and the pomegranate appear in perfect alignment. The fact that these three symbols the crown, the royal arms and the pomegranate for Catherine of Aragon appear in alignment suggests that Mary is making a strong claim not only for her own legitimacy but the legitimacy of her mother who of course Henry VIII had cast off as his wife. There are also a number of other details that are worth drawing your attention to in this manuscript. I think it's a very beautiful title page and this is a very humble functionary sort of book which is interesting. In the sense even this humble list of all of the officers that are serving the crown it plays its role in Tudor royal propaganda. It's part of the rich iconography of the Tudor monarchy. So you have this rather wonderfully opulent gold leaf encrusted border showing roses and other flowers just snaking up from the bottom to the top of this manuscript amongst this other iconography and this little date that's been added to the top 1553 so that you have the date in Latin here and then the date in Arabic numerals at the top. These pages take us right into the heart of the royal household. We have a reference here to the rebels office and the master of the rebels and the yeoman of the rebels. Of course the rebels are responsible for all the court entertainments, the masks, the pageants, the tournaments that go on and these do go on at Mary's court just as they had gone on at Henry VIII's court and Henry VI's court and here is the proof we have the rebels office still functioning but it's the next set of accounts that particularly appeal to me. It may not be politically correct these days but all the Tudor monarchs were in veteran hunters. They loved hunting with hounds and they loved hawking and we associate hunting with Elizabeth we associate hunting with Henry VIII. We don't actually particularly associate hunting with Mary but again here is the proof to the contrary. We have references to the Harriers the heart hounds the buck hounds and the otter hounds and then we have a marvellous payment here of £13 and six shillings to the groom of the buck hounds for the hounds meat. So the accounting methods were so thorough in this document that even the dogs meat was put down in this manuscript which I find very striking. It just shows how closely governed Tudor England was. Then we move on to musicians and players. Again because of the records that have survived we tend to associate music more I think with Henry VIII's reign and more with Elizabeth's reign but we are now beginning to understand that Queen Mary kept a significant musical establishment herself both sacred music and music for the household and it's music for the household for her own entertainment that's being described here so we have trumpeters looters, harp players singers and rebeck players and sag butt players This is the reference when I first looked at this manuscript for the first time that really excited me so we've moved on from the musicians the secular musicians of the Tudor court that bagpipe players and the sag butt players and the rebeck players to what's called the chapel and that's the chapel royal musicians, the singers the organists who sing mass for the Queen of course the Catholic mass now again into Queen Mary's reign and they staff the chapels both of the London palaces whether that's Greenwich or Richmond or the Palace of Westminster but they also the chapel royal follow the Queen when she goes on progress and travel around the country and there is a reference here to one very famous member of the chapel royal and it's just here and it's to Thomas Tallis and of course Tallis is one of the greatest of the Tudor composers he survives all the way through from Henry VIII's reign through Edward VI Mary's and then into Elizabeth's reign changing the tenor of his music we know that Thomas Tallis was quite Catholic facing but he actually manages to compromise his principles under Edward VI and compose quite protestant looking music but one feels he's on safer ground when he comes back to Queen Mary's reign and he's composing settings for the mass again and here he is employed in the chapel royal and of course Thomas Tallis will go on to serve Elizabeth and compose the great 40 part motet Spam in Arlium which possibly dates from Queen Mary's reign more likely to date from Elizabeth's reign in fact we don't have a precise date for that but it really is the absolute height of 16th century English devotional music and here we find this rather splendid reference so what does all of this add up to you might be asking well we can say that quite literally one of the purposes of this manuscript is to tell us and tell Mary how much she owed what her outgoings were just anybody taking over a great household who wants to know how much my committee is spending on my household how much should I pay to all of the officers of that household and here we have the sum total of the officers and ministers of the household and it's a lot of money it is 16,850 £68 £5 £1 penny and a hapenny so literally down to the last hapenny these fees and offices are accounted for in this extraordinary manuscript