 Well, hello everybody, and welcome back. I'm sorry to keep the breaks a bit short, but I know some of you've got to get back vaguely on time, so we'll try and do this. Now, we've got two speakers in the next session, which is broadly speaking about working in Asia and with Asia in different sorts of ways. So the subplot here really is so that you can see what other people have done and what might practically lie in front of you. And so each speaker will do about 15 minutes and then we'll take questions after that because there may well be different answers to the same question. Better doing it that way than questions after each presentation. And our first speaker is Nick Hinton, who grew up in Asia. He actually studied here at SOAS. He's a colonel in the Gherkers, served all over the world with them, but mostly in the Far East and then worked for IBM in India and China. And as happens, if I might say it as one, advances in life is now trustee of various charities and organisations working in the pool. Nick, thank you very much. Thank you very much, Adrian. If you talk to any lady, she will tell you that one of the easiest ways to make a man happy is just to get into talk about himself. So I hope it goes without saying that I'm delighted to be here today to talk about myself specifically about my work and experiences that I've had in Asia. Now I'm pretty ancient, so I cook back on for hours about all the things that I've done, but I'm not going to. I only have about 15 minutes. So what I'm going to do is just to gallop quickly through some of my experiences and try and draw out of those some points of interest and some insights that you may find valuable. So I started off very young as a toddler. In fact, as Adrian mentioned, I lived with my parents in Singapore. They remember a great deal about it, obviously enough, but I do remember the beautiful Jacaranda trees, the beautiful purple trees in our garden. And also my lovely armour, the nanny who looked after to be a Chinese lady called Armey, who made my life absolute paradise on earth. And that lasted for two or three years, and then I moved with my parents to the Middle East, and we lived in various countries around the Middle East. And I think that was also a very salatory experience. To some extent, we lived in an expatriate bubble, as you might expect. But at the same time, my parents were quite enlightened for the times and we're talking about the late fifties and early sixties in that they and I had perhaps more interaction with the local population than many others. And so I got to play with local children and there's some lovely pictures in the family albums of me playing out in the desert with Bedouin children. And I'm told that at one point I actually spoke better Arabic than I spoke English. Long since lost, I have to say. It's an interesting experience and I think to some extent sort of set my aspirations and interests for the future. But then, when I was about 10 years old, I was packed off to boarding school back in this country. And some people say that they actually liked their school days. I didn't. My, my abiding memory is of appalling teaching by extremely old teachers in their 70s and 80s, most of the data from before the Second World War. I remember disgusting food. I remember being perpetually cold and being herded out onto sports pitches in the driving snow and icy rain to play rugby and hockey and so on. And, of course, being thrashed with an itch in my life, which is what happened at boarding schools in those days. But it was character building stuff. And so when I eventually finished the school, I was able to move on and join the army, which was a great improvement. Now, Santa's, to some extent, was a sort of replica of boarding school. And I, after I was commissioned from there, I went into the into the parachute regiment. Now, at that stage, and we're talking about the very early 70s, the Northern Ireland emergency was in full flow. And so I found myself on a sort of conveyor belt between sunny older shot and Ulster. And so I was getting older shot Northern Ireland, older shot Northern Ireland, older shot Northern Ireland, which was not a great deal of fun. And so I was very lucky that after about 18 months of that and bouncing backwards and forwards, I went off with with my regiment to Oman, where they were just sort of putting the finishing touches to the do far war, the insurrection in the southern part of Oman. And that reminded me that there was actually a lot more to the world than Northern Ireland and all shot. And so on the strength of that, I decided to transfer to the Ghercas, which was probably one of the best decisions in my life I ever made. I'll come back to that in a moment because, but more or less the same sort of time that I made that decision. The army offered me the opportunity to go to university. And believe it or not, I came here just so us. And I read Indonesian and Malay studies. It was a revelation. I have to say I enormously enjoyed it, and it opened my eyes to the wonderful richness and diversity of history and culture in that part of the world. I went and spent about to two terms out of what it was nine in the University of Georgia Carter in central Java, which really brought home to me what that part of the world is all about. Now, I don't know probably some of you know more about Indonesia and Malaysia than I do. But at the time, I wasn't aware of the amazing number of cultural influences that Malaysia and Indonesia had. The fact that you know the streets of Malacca sort of main path of commerce and business runs through the centre of that area meant that all these diverse influences had have had an impact which meant to in a way Indonesia and Malaysia are microcosms of the culture society and history of what goes on in the whole of Asia. Which I'm most grateful for because it meant that not only did I learn about those parts of the world and learn the languages and so on, but I also get a far broader education of what that part of the world is all about and how it works. And by extension, good insights into what happened worldwide. So I count myself enormously lucky. I also very much enjoyed my time in Indonesia. I was fortunate to live in a house on the other side of the road from a Gamaland school. Now, for those of you who have not heard the word before, Gamaland is the Indonesian percussion orchestra. It has a wonderful sort of tinkling sound. It's made up of gongs and cymbals and a few drums. It is the most wonderfully therapeutic sound. And if you haven't heard it, look it up on the net and you'll be able to see what I mean. So I was staying in a place with Gamaland music on the other side of the road, which woke me up every morning and soothed me to sleep every evening. Absolutely fabulous. I also spent more time than I should have done, going down to the bazaar to watch the wine and coulets, the shadow play, with all the wonderful stories from the great Hindu ethics like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, with their cast of larger-than-life characters all carefully manipulated on the shadow screen by the Dalang, the puppet master. And they usually took place overnight, so I quite often found myself going back home at sort of five or six in the morning having been up all night watching these wonderful stories. So that was all very much to the good. However, my time there did bring home to me as well that just as in our culture there are downsides, so too there are in that part of the world. There is, and there was, and still is, a lot of poverty. There's a tremendous amount of corruption. And also there's a dark side because of the way their society is constructed. And only a few years previously, to my going there, there had been an extraordinary episode which goes by the rather sinister Indonesian acronym of Gestapu. And Gestapu stands for in Indonesian gerakan september tigopulu, which means the 30th of September movement, which is when it took place in 1965. And it was a very complicated set of coups and counter coups involving all sorts of different segments of the Indonesian population. And sadly, it resulted in the most enormous bloodletting in 1965, with literally hundreds of thousands of Indonesians being killed, mostly by their neighbours who were settling scores. But there was a distinct racial element to it as well in that they were killing off a lot of Chinese, because in many cases the Indonesians owed the Chinese a lot of money and they thought by killing them their debts would be written off. So there's the most extraordinary complex of really dreadful things going on in the 60s. And actually going there and talking to some of the people who'd experienced that brought home to me that in societies of that sort, there can be quite a grim underside to all the very pleasant and attractive aspects that superficially appear. So that was an important lesson. So back to the ghercats. When I finished at university, I went back to join my regiment and I joined them in Hong Kong initially. It was an enormous privilege. The regiment I joined had been raised in 1815 in the wake of the Anglo-Nepoleese War, 1814 to 1816, in which the British were hugely impressed by the Ghercats. In fact, for most of that war, the Ghercats were winning. And it was only laterally, and particularly as the result of one particular British general who knew what he was doing, that the British got the upper hand and eventually in the Treaty of Segali, the arrangements put in place, part of which was that Ghercats would be employed in the British Army. And so I was the beneficiary of that legacy. And so, 180 years later, I joined that regiment who had already established themselves with a very strong and admirable reputation for war fighting. More importantly, perhaps from the point of view of sharing an experience with you, I learned a huge amount from Ghercats, really on two counts. First was just militarily. Now, I've been pretty well educated going through sound tests and doing various other training courses and so on. But Ghercats are quintessential soldiers. They're extremely tough. They're very determined. And above all, they have a good nature, which actually brings a very good sense of values to what they're doing in a war. I need to give you an example of that during the rebellion of 1857 in India. My regiment was particularly proud of the fact that, unlike a lot of British regiments who went around looting, pillaging and raping after they subdued the mutineers, my regiment did. They were always very solicitous and thoughtful for the civilian population. And I think those of you who keep an eye on what's going on in Israel and Gaza today will recognise that that is a very important part of military operations if you want to be a good fighting force. You have to take account of what effects you're going to have on the civilian population. So I learned a lot militarily from them in terms of their skills and their outlook and the way they approach things. But I also learned a lot in terms of life skills because working very closely with them, I also learned how well they approach things and the extraordinary value system, which they brought from their own culture in terms of helping each other, and that extended to helping their British officers as well. Thank goodness. They were very solicitous, particularly in the early days when I was still learning the ropes. I mean, for example, I had to learn the language very quickly. And at the time when I joined, very few gherkers spoke much English. And so I was packed off into the Borneo jungles where the platoon of 30 gherkers, none of whom really spoke any English to speak of. And I was thrown in at the deep end until not to come back until I could speak a reasonable gherkali. So I was out there for several weeks in the middle of nowhere, and sure enough, I came back able to speak the language. So for those of you thinking of how you can learn a language, I wouldn't necessarily advocate going to the middle of the Borneo jungles, but I do think that total immersion does work. So that's my lesson from that. I also got to know the culture of the gherkers extremely well. And one of the most fascinating aspects I found was the dichotomy that there was between Hinduism and Buddhism. Now, the British Army sees things in black and white, like most military organisations. And so from their perspective, gherkers were Hindus. That's it. If you're a Hindu, you needed a priest, and therefore the army issued one Hindu pundit, one Hindu priest to each gherker battalion. That's it. In fact, many of the gherkers were Buddhists, particularly the Gurung tribes. We recruited from the sort of west central part of Nepal, principally from among the Gurung and Magar tribes. And the Gurungs in particular had absorbed a lot of Buddhist thinking over the years and in private were quite happy to tell you that they were Buddhists rather than Hindus. And saw Hinduism as an aberration and to a great extent something they had to sign up to in order to get enlisted in the British Army, because that's what the British Army said. But that contrast, I think, brought out for me the ambivalence that there is in that part of the world between a lot of conflicting factors and also emphasised the extraordinary diversity which many of these organisations have in terms of their outlook in terms of the influences which have formed them. So I learned a huge amount, and I think as a last sort of lesson from my time with gherkers, I'd go back to the late 1970s when in Hong Kong, as again some of you may know, there were huge influxes of illegal immigrants. Brought about by massive numbers of people trying to cross the Chinese border with Hong Kong in the north because of conditions in China and also because the Chinese authorities at that stage were prepared to allow it. So literally hundreds of Chinese people coming across there and hundreds, thousands of Vietnamese boat people crashing almost every night onto the western beaches of Hong Kong. And so we spent the best part of three years rhyming these people up. And I think there were two lessons from that that I learned. The first one was that it emphasised for me the enormous compassion which gherkers have for people like that who literally were coming to Hong Kong with the clothes they stood up in and not much else. And the second thing I think I learned, Sally and I were talking about this earlier, is the fact that it doesn't matter where you go in the world and particularly in Asia, most people, the vast majority of people are simply looking for security and stability in their personal lives. Very few people actually have an agenda based on ideology or anything else. The vast majority just want that security and stability for themselves and for their families. And I saw at first hand how the gherkers took account of that and also recognised that they were prepared to go one step further and actually help these people on their way through their compassion by feeding them, by making them comfortable and by simply by talking to them in whatever language it happened to be speaking. And I think that was an extraordinarily good life lesson for me and I did my best to try and try and emulate it. So, I think only one other point I'd like to make is the fact that while I was with the gherkers, I also was able to go to many other parts of Asia and on overseas exercises and training with other armies. So, I was lucky to get an insight into several other cultures as well as the Nepalese, which was, again, fascinating. But all things come to an end and I was extremely fortunate that in my career I rose up the greasy pole, slid it up the greasy pole, got to the top and eventually ended up commanding my regiment, which was an enormous privilege and the culmination of any regimental officer's career. And having been top dog, that was it, there was nowhere else to go in the brigade of gherkers, that was the top job. And so after that I could have stayed on in the army, but a number of factors suggested that I should move on to other things. Apart from the fact that from there on in, the military secretary was obviously, because of my other qualifications, was obviously determined to stick me in a desk job here in Whitehall, which might have been a little bit interesting but didn't really thrill me at the time. In addition to that, my children were becoming coming to an age when they needed the stability for their secondary education. And above all, my long-suffering wife, who in 18 years of marriage had lived in 18 different houses around the world, which must be some kind of record, deserved a bit of security and stability of her own. And so I, after much heart searching, decided to jump ship and move on to pastures new. So I moved across to IBM because I was fortunate enough to have technical qualifications, which endeared me to them. I was also very lucky that they quickly spotted my sort of very diverse background, and therefore put me into global roles, which meant that I had the opportunity to not only see a lot of the world, but also maintain my connections with Asia. It was a very different environment, and I'm sure you'll appreciate that IBM being a corporate organisation is all about money. And so I spent most of my time in Asia from there on in, in the main centres of population dealing with major financial, industrial and manufacturing organisations that could pay the literally billions of dollars that IBM demanded for its products and services. That was interesting, its own right. And I was fortunate too that I managed to play hooky from time to time when I was travelling around and go off and see other parts of the countries I was visiting and, you know, experience that at first hand as well. I think two particular things I draw out of that. The first is that I, at one stage, Lashley, I had a team of about one or several teams worldwide, but I had about 250 engineers based in the city of Chandigarh in North India. They were mostly Sikhs. I had not come across Sikhs or mass before, and it was a wonderful insight into the very proud and very capable approach which the Sikhs have towards their lives. I learned a huge amount from them, besides, you know, respecting and admiring their skills as engineers. I also had a large team in China. That wasn't quite such an enjoyable experience in that we had some fairly significant communication difficulties. At that time, the engineers in China were technically good, but unlike most other engineers in the information technology world at the time, they didn't speak particularly good English. My rather basic Cantonese that I picked up from my time living in Hong Kong simply made them laugh. You know, I had Cantonese being a dialect of Chinese. They only understood about 30% of what I was saying and tended to be grinning from ear to ear when I was talking because of the weird accent that I had compared to the Hutong Hoa that they were speaking. So it wasn't entirely a satisfactory experience, but again, it brought home to me the enormous contrast between the different parts of Asia in ways that you perhaps sometimes might not expect. So that was IBM, and I continued with that job as a wage slave until I finished in 2018 and retired from full-time work. Since when I've kept my connections with Asia, and as Adrian mentioned, I've also built on those relationships by becoming the chairman of the Britain and Nepal NGO Network, which is an umbrella organisation trying to bring non-governmental organisations, charities together, British charities, to try and get them to collaborate. The founder of Brango, as it's known, worked in the sector for many years and identify that the British NGOs in Nepal sometimes worked enormously inefficiently to the extent that you could have one village in the hills where one charity might be building a school at one end of the village, another different charity could be building another school at the opposite end. Clearly a ridiculous situation where the two of them should be talking together, pooling resources and making far better efficient and more efficient use of them. So it was really on that sort of premise that Brango was formed and it's been flourishing. We have something like 450 associates now linked into Brango with a core of about 65 fully paid up organisations who are the central membership. And there's a very rich exchange of information on all sorts of levels about what's going on, what they're doing, the various policies affecting non-governmental organisations in Nepal, and so on. So I keep my hand in and I'm also trustee of various other trusts related mostly to Gherkers in Nepal, so I'm very fortunate that I'm able to keep my links going. I think I'll stop there because that has, as I said, has been a very quick gala through some of the things that I've done. Just in closing, I think I would say that my overriding impressions of Asia are of this tremendous richness of culture, the tremendous diversity, the tremendous contrast that there are between all sorts of different aspects of what goes on there. So if you are thinking of moving out into the world, I can strongly recommend Asia as a part of the world, which will not disappoint you in terms of the interesting and a lifelong fascination with everything that goes on there. So good luck. Thank you very much indeed. I'm very grateful to our next speaker, Sally MacDonald, who allowed her arm to be twisted at 36 hours notice to step in and talk as some round chakra party couldn't get here from Belgium. Now, Sally had little choice, really, but to agree, since I've known her husband for the best part of 65 years. She's got a long distinguished career in finance working extensively in with an around Asia. She's currently a senior director at JP Morgan on their Japanese Investment Trust, and she's also a trustee of the helping the Burmese Delta charity. So again, you know, you put in, you take out and you put in. Sally, thank you very much indeed. Adrian, thank you very much for the very kind introduction, and please forgive me any of you if I mentioned things that already been talked about earlier on today, and I know I'm going to cover some of the ground, some of the ground that Nick's just covered. So, I'm talking about working with Asia, rather than living in Asia, because I have never actually lived in Asia, because I have family all over the region, and it's quite something being mobbed every time you go to a region when all the family are there, but also for cultural reasons and family commitments over here. I never actually lived there. When I travelled there between two and four times a year for the last, well, more than 30 years, so who am I? I think Adrian gave me a little bit of introduction there. I'm a non-exec director now, which means that I don't actually take the decisions any longer. I make sure that other people are taking decisions within the law and as they should do and looking at the strategy where things go in the future. I worked as a fund manager for almost 40 years. Hands up anybody who knows what a fund manager does. Good, hardly anybody. So, what fund managers do, it's a part of finance where we go out all over the world and we look for companies that might be a good investment for the people who are investing with us, that might be your life insurance policy, it might be your pension, it might be your personal savings, it might be any money that you want to set aside for a particular objective, somebody has to make that money work and that's us, the fund managers. And I started off, I did seven years looking at UK markets and then I switched to Asian markets and I'll come on to why I did that anon. And as you can see, my work has taken me really all over the Asian region. So, as an Asian fund manager, the job was to go out and find companies whose growth prospects could give a return to shareholders to unit holders to anybody investing with me. That would be strong and appropriate for what they want, the right amount of risk and the right amount of time span and so on. And so that involves finding the companies first of all, and it could be anything anywhere within the remit. So my remit was everything east of Pakistan, everything east of Pakistan, that is a huge region, 15,000 listed companies in that remit, 4,000 alone just in China, but when I started, there wasn't a single listed company in China, I have seen the listing of every single company in the Chinese market over my career. So I've looked at these companies and you put them together in a way that you hope will provide a balance. So you want a company that's going to go up in good times, but of course when bad times come, that company probably goes down. So those are different company that goes up in the bad bad times, and that probably doesn't do so well in the good times. Together, those make what's called a portfolio. And those portfolios are what you pay your managers to try to put together. The charity trustee for a little tiny charity called Helping to Burmese Delta, I just stepped down in December actually. Just four people, two in the UK, two in Myanmar, absolutely minute, with finances that are hand to mouth every minute of the day. That charity built 36 primary schools, one middle school and one high school in a period of 10 years. It trained more than 200 traditional birth attendants to help people all around the Iowa division of Myanmar and set up a livelihood scheme as well. There is an enormous amount that you can do with very, very small resources. So, what's my office like? It's quite diverse. So, at the bottom, you'll see the bottom on this six set of photos, you'll see the type of workshop that people generally start at in Asia. These particular photos are from Indonesia actually, and that's a guy beating something with a big bit of metal. He's got a roof over his head to do it under, so he's not inundated when it rains, and his aspiration is really to get from there to the top right picture on that same set of pictures, slightly bigger workshop, more stock and something else to sell from there. The aspiration is to go to a little premises with concrete walls, and you can see a picture of me with the management of an industrial estate as in Surabhaya in Indonesia, and we were talking about how this industrial estate might develop, what type of companies could come in, how it can help to grow the local economy, and there's the plan, you can see, bottom left here with which companies were going to occupy what parts of the industrial estate, and there's a finished factory. That's all in Indonesia. Top right is the port in Yangon, and that's in Myanmar, and the bottom right is me standing on the roof of a semiconductor factory in Malaysia. And bit more about Asia, bit more of my office. It's my office in Tokyo, Jakey Morgan. It's me in Singapore, Singapore Airport, this is Singapore, my office at Fidelity in Singapore. The reason is that shopping malls in Asia, if you're an investor, of course you invest in shopping malls as well, and then I think these are houses in, that looks like Niko in Japan, I think, up there. And of course there's always the office in the UK, which really does look like this. There's no possible way you can see me over the piles of piles of paper in my office. So, if you want to be a fund manager, what do you need to do? Well, can you write well? Do you do history, English, any essay subject? Because that's going to be necessary. If you want to write a report, you need to know how to structure an essay. If you want decent understanding of basic maths, solid stats, you need to be able to listen quite carefully to everything that's being said and pick out what's important. Think logically, follow a story all the way through into its conclusion. Any degree at all will do. If you're going to invest in an engineering company, having an engineering degree means that you will understand what that company is telling you better. If you want to have, if you want to talk to somebody in, oh goodness, I'm trying to think, in a biopharmaceutical for company having any kind of science degree is handy. But actually, arts degrees are very, very helpful. Unusual degrees help you stand out and they give you a different point of view. And that's valuable. Languages are tremendous for pattern recognition. I've done almost 40 years in financial services now. My degree was classics. I did nine ancient languages at university, mostly squiggly, and that's quite handy because I learned more squiggly languages in Asia when I was there, and actually I did six years of Burmese here at South. So they're fantastic for pattern recognition. And if you join a financial firm, you're going to have to do more professional exams anyway. So I was doing, I did 70 years in the UK. Why did I suddenly change to Asia? Well, I was headhunted. Somebody came up and said, what about it? What do you think? It is an absolutely phenomenally exciting and intoxicating area of the world. I'm sure I hope you've had the impression so far today. And at this time, it's a long, long time ago, people view Asia as a bit, oh, why do you want to go there? It's not much to invest all your financial career, terrible. And I thought, well, I've got a load of friends there. I've a lot of family there. And the person who was just about to be the best man at my wedding and actually didn't manage to be the best man at my wedding because he would, he snuck off to the Karakorau mountains instead. And so we had to choose my Singaporean cousin to be the best man instead. It was one of the reasons why Asia didn't seem that scary to me at all. So much history, culture, languages, and of course, the food. Nobody can say they don't like Asian food because it is so diverse. There is so much stuff. There are a few things that you might not like, but so I give you a lovely quote, which I'm sure you will know from Robert Frost saying it's from his poem The Roadless Travel. I should be telling this with a sigh somewhere ages and ages hence two roads diverged in the woods and I, I took the one less traveled by and that has made all the difference. I have no size I have no regrets because Asia is absolutely to love of my life. So what will you find in Asia. So first of all, and I'm sure people have emphasised this to ready today, it is really big. I mean how big. So it's about a third of the earth's surface. It's about 45 million square kilometres in size and that's just, that's just the landmass that's not including any of the islands and what have you. 1,300 languages minimum in the Asian region. So, yeah, sure, choose, choose an Asian language. There are plenty to choose from, really lots to choose from. There are more than 300 in China alone. There are at least 120 and I think that other other counts put it more like 200 and something in India. And it stretches from the Arctic of an Arctic circle all the way down to the equator and further. There's no, you can't possibly say oh I don't like it because it's too hot. Go somewhere cold. Plenty of cold places in Asia. Don't like the cold because somewhere hot. There's everything there. The, the diversity is extraordinary and I think in the west here. We have this perception that Asia is quite poor and quite backward economically and that that is true in some countries, it remains true in some countries, but it is absolutely not true everywhere. There are phenomenally wealthy countries that are phenomenally well developed with most exciting cultures. Nick mentions about religions and the whole spread here panoply of religions across Asia. I think that I believe every single religion on the planet is represented by quite a significant group of people in Asia and they might be one or two that I've missed aren't. But certainly, I mean, yes Christianity Islam, Buddhism, animism, Hinduism, I'm just trying to, what I've missed in terms of major religions are just, it's all there, it's absolutely all there. Business is generally done in of course the local language in whatever country but also in English because English is a unifying language for business everywhere so if you love the idea of Asia but you're kind of iffy on the whole language thing. It's not a problem. It's really not a problem. I want to talk also about the diversity in in science and technology. So we think that Asia is being less advanced than us technologically. I hope not have some countries. Yeah. Okay. But actually, Asia is way ahead of us on, for instance, 3D bio printing. I chaired a conference on 3D bio printing back in 2014, where companies from China and Korea are leading the world in 3D printing human body parts. Next time you have a broken leg and it needs to be replaced or you need a new part of your body, it can be 3D printed now and that reduces your time in hospital increase increases your opportunity for survival and better recovery and Asian companies lead that. In terms of other technologies, semiconductors, you've probably read all over papers, Asia is far ahead of the West in terms of leading age semiconductors, TSMC in Taiwan, Taiwan's semiconductor is the only country in the world, only company in the world capable of producing computer chips at just three nanometers. So Samsung is on on about five Intel is languishing way up the scale or something like 14 or something, and microphone and the others are not even close. So far in a way ahead. Looking at the companies that you see. When I meet when I meet companies as a fund manager you go and you talk to the board, you talk to the chief financial officer, the managing director, the founder. Every one of them are run by really switched on intelligent engaged people. It's so exciting. It's absolutely intoxicating. Asian students. They travel the world to study these this data is from UNESCO. And the arrows show you where people are going at where that they're heading for their studies now actually not totally visible on this. There's some reproduction here but China is sending is sending its students, literally all over the world to study. And so China is gathering an understanding of the way that the whole world thinks. And that gives it a phenomenal advantage. South Korea is to they are also sorry the very fine arrows have not come out on this. Slide at all. South Korea doing the same for Western students we tend to America sends most of its students as you can see to Europe and a couple of others to English speaking speaking companies of countries and a few to Japan. And the UK, not much better to be honest we tend to send them to America to Europe and to Australia and just a few go out to study in Asia. But there is an opportunity if you want to have to earn money for the rest of your lives, being unique what you do being the road less traveled is the way to have people coming to you and saying, I want to hear about your expertise tell me more. And Asia is absolutely an untraveled area in terms of study. And the facts. Well, okay, attitudes to women vary, they vary everywhere in the world. I'm not going to pretend that there are not problems for women in Asia, I've traveled on my own in Asia, so just short of 30 years, or it's just more than 30 years or this quarter 40 years of my work, but the world's changed a lot. I'm a female working in my entire company for most of my early career in various different companies in the UK, and then in global companies and I've worked for UK companies French companies Canadian companies, American companies, Japanese companies. There's a whole variety of different companies and frankly women have had a pretty tough time in the last 40, 50 years of work. It's improving. It's definitely getting better. If you're good at what you do, you will be fine, whatever. Prepare well and attention to detail. If you love the food in Asia, there are exceptions. There are exceptions and Indochina, particularly Cambodia, they really are very fond of fried tarantulas and it's just not my thing. And then of course there's the jet lag as well. I think you probably gathered by now that my heart is in Asia and really strongly this quotes is from Kipling, but I feel it every day. If you've heard the Easter calling, you won't never heed nor else. Thank you.