 My name is Walter Monk, M-U-N-K, and I'm a professor of oceanography at Scripps and have been here since over 70 years. I have a special chair, endowed by the Secretary of the Navy, and I've held that chair for about 30 years. And the first Allied initiative in fighting back was to be a amphibious landing in northwest Africa. And I was working in the Pentagon and learned about practice landings in Carolina, being carried out with new kinds of landing craft named LCBPs, Landing Craft Vehicle and Personnel, boats that would come into the beach and then drop the bow and people would run out of the bow onto the beach and establish a beachhead and learned and found that when the waves exceeded five feet height that the landing craft would broach, turn parallel to the beach, waves would break into the landing craft. People would get hurt and exercise would be secured waiting for a day with calmer conditions. And I went back to find out about typical wave heights in northwest Africa in winter and found they exceeded six feet. And I wondered what would happen if under those conditions and I asked my commanding officer about that and he told me to just forget about it because he was sure that the authorities had to consider that and I should do what I was told. I was 25 and had no reputation and no background, very junior. But I couldn't quite forget about it so I telephoned Harald Svedup whom I had met for two summers who had become my teacher and begged him to come out and he very kindly took the next flight and we sat together for about a month in the Pentagon to try and figure out how we could predict waves so that everyone could pick a relatively calm day for the exercise. It seemed like the only possible solution and after months we were satisfied that this could be done and Harald Svedup had a major reputation in the world. And we were permitted to participate in the planning and to predict the waves of the landing beaches and to pick relatively calm two days and the landings took place under relatively good conditions.