 Our fourth panelist is Asi, who until recently was the Secretary-General of the IFRC, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, who has been for a long time with the United Nations in various capacities and is currently the Chair of the Board of the Kofi Annan Foundation and I must say a long-standing friend, so as it's a pleasure having you on the panel. Thank you very much, Michel, and I'd like to thank also the previous speakers who have touched on the most important aspect of the subject matter we are discussing today. So, it might be a little bit easier because I don't have to repeat all of that, but maybe just, you know, comment on some of the other issues which I feel, you know, are relevant. And I will start by maybe quoting Mr. Monbriel who in the introduction talked about the shocks that we have confronted with over time. Yes, I agree, we will always be confronted with political shocks. We will always be confronted with climate shocks. We will always be confronted with health shocks. But the question is, will those shocks necessarily become crisis or will they be leading to catastrophic situations or to unprecedented, you know, pandemic like the ones in the middle of which we are? The answer, I believe, you know, lies in many things that we all have eluded to. I believe that answer lies in preparedness or lack thereof. I believe it lies in responsible leadership or lack thereof. It lies in active citizenship that must go hand in hand, you know, with responsible leadership. It lies in science that should be guiding our analysis as well as our response. It lies in politics, politics that can be part of the solution or part of the problem and we are hoping and aspiring to those politics that will be part of the solution. So it lies in action and activism or lack thereof. So we are seeing children on the street reminding us the importance of the climate. We're seeing people living with HIV AIDS, not telling us that they're experts because they host the virus in their own bodies. By the way, yesterday was one eighth day talking about the pandemic and there are still 38 million people infected and many more affected. It lies in partnership or lack thereof. It lies in solidarity. It lies in local action and global action as well. And I would say it lies in trust, but there will be no trust without accountability. It is in the context, in the against the context that we see how we respond or we react. We often react to them responding, honestly, because we find ourselves in what we call the cycle of panic and neglect. When we are confronted with an unprecedented shock, we all panic and we put all our resources and our attention focusing on one. When it subsides, well, we seem to go back to whatever we consider to be normal. And this time, we're being reminded that maybe we shouldn't go back to normal because normal has not worked. We have not to move forward and then shaping the future that we really would like to see. COVID-19 has revealed all of that. And it has also exacerbated some of those dysfunctionalities that we have seen in our national and in our international institutions. It has shown that there is a real breakdown in leadership, Frank. The word is crying for leadership. And we don't have a critical mass of leaders, political and otherwise at the global level that could chart the way forward. So what we're seeing is now and it's functioning in our national and international institutions that is mainly caused by not the institutions themselves, all the bureaucrats themselves, but the very members that should be either funding, supporting, guiding, and also giving the authority to those institutions not to do the work they're supposed to be doing. Mr. Mombrial has invited us in order to be naive. Well, I think I would like to be naive. I would like to be naive to believe that the United Nations has a charter that started with the people and not with the government. And then we would have maybe go back to putting the people at the center of what we do to make sure that leadership is about delivering on promises that we make to people and people's well-being. And if we do not bear break, we should not deliver on those promises. We don't have the trust that is required. And unfortunately, we will have a deficit. We are having a deficit of trust right now. So in the global system that we are seeing now. We started, I think I can belong to the generation that started learning for studying international relations with the first chapter being called the World Order. And we're talking about the global order even. But I think today what we are seeing or risking to see is that global order is turning into not to a global disorder. Why? Because the very member states and the very partners and the very members of an institution that make it work turn to be the very ones that are weakening it. And we've seen that. WTO is a good example of that. Well, if I list, you know, the three biggest funders of WTO. Well, among them, I will find a non-member states. I will find a private foundation. Well, and those were supposed, you know, to maybe leading. We see in the result examples are even withdrawing their funding and questioning their membership of the organization that is called the World Order Organization. But at the same time, we expect an authority and a guidance from this organization. And that will not happen, you know, that way. So what we are saying also is that I'm glad, you know, that Mr. Kramers has mentioned that the centrality of human behavior in that it is not only the behavior to prevent, you know, disease. It is our behaviors and attitudes. What we and when we face, you know, shops and hazards and how we respond to that rather than reacting, you know, to them changing our behaviors when it's right. It happens. What is most difficult is to sustain it. We may have heard, you know, the saying many times, no stop smoking is very easy. I did it 10 times. And that's what we are facing now, even in the times of COVID, we're talking about second wave. So they are full respect of the experts that say so. But I believe we're still in the first wave, the same way, because nothing has changed, you know, in the general virus, nothing has changed in the way it is transmitted. Not must that change in the way it can be prevented. What has changed is dramatically our behaviors. When we relax, when we relax, it will relax. And that we are seeing now happening, you know, more and more, you know, that in the different situations that we are facing. We also be naive, want to be naive to believe that there will be a growing critical global citizenship beyond borders that will be challenging leadership, and then putting networks in order of solidarity that are required, and putting the pressure and decision making levels, all decision making levels, local communities, private sector, government, international institutions, you know, so that equity and inclusion is not only a wish, but it is something that we apply to make sure. You know, that we all are safe. Michelle, in the introduction, you were talking about, well, that is not surprising to see who will be the winner in the competition, you know, start and continue the way you started. You know, my answer is, there will be no win at all, because we tend to forget that in a pandemic, indeed, no one, none of us is safe, you know, until we all have. So what we are saying now when we're talking about the multilateral system, maybe two things that we will be thinking about moving forward. A global response is more than a UN response. So multilateralism is way beyond the UN. Of course, we need the UN, we need international financial institutions. We need multinationals that are even becoming subject of international law and very important actors in international relations. We need, you know, farmer, we need the economies, you know, all of that, so that it becomes a true global response. In the same vein, we will have also to need that a national response is more than a government response. We will have to have communities, you know, at the center. You will have to heal, you know, the trust which is broken between leaders of national level and their citizens. And finally, what I would like maybe to continue thinking of and reflecting together with you that we always continue to try to strike the balance that we need the science. Definitely, we shouldn't take that for granted. Science has been challenged by so many naysayers, by anti-vaxed campaigners, by social media amplifying all kinds of fake news. And we need politics, but politics that are part of the problem, part of the solution, not the problem. And we need the activism, you know, that will be holding us, you know, all up and fall. And I think, you know, that is maybe the utopia and naivety, you know, that's, I truly believe in, and that will be required to guide us, you know, so that all of that will be leading to local action and global response, as well as, you know, the solidarity that is required. So finally, if COVID is really a global public bad, maybe we need a response that is called the global public good. And that doesn't matter how we define it. If it is in the spirit of solidarity, in the spirit of equity, in the spirit of just making sure that we all are safe. And, you know, a realistic way of making sure that, you know, the investment that we are making within our geographic border will not be challenged by the lack of investment in action somewhere else in the world. Because again, none of us is safe. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you for the important points you raised on trust on the global citizenship building up. That echoes some of what Jean Cramar said earlier around the weaker and weaker acceptability by global citizens that that goods, public goods are just managed by on the basis of free trade. Thank you for your comments on the need at national and global level to, to see beyond governments and intergovernmental multilateralism. Thank you to a broader common citizen partnership involving all all sectors and responsible citizens that trust each other and trust in the project. Thank you also for introducing a new terminology a global public bad.