 the study investigated the potential of using coal fly ash senospheres as a replacement for cement in the production of lightweight concrete. The results showed that the use of senospheres resulted in a decrease in the weight of the concrete by 35 percent, which meets the standard for lightweight concrete. Additionally, the use of senospheres also increased the compressive strength of the concrete up to 48 percent. Furthermore, the study found that the addition of senospheres reduced the amount of Portlandite in the concrete, which is replaced by mullite and other alumino-silicate phases. This suggests that the use of senospheres could lead to more sustainable concrete production as it reduces the need for cement and natural resources. This article was authored by Krishna Prakash Arunachalam, Shiva Avyadhyapan, Eric Isavadra Flores, and others.