 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education, S.S. Khanna-Gazhuri College, University of Allahabad and today I am going to discuss phenomenology as a qualitative research design. As you all know that nowadays I am discussing topics under the theme of qualitative research methodology and phenomenology is one of the study, one of the approach under qualitative research methods. Literature will be in bilingual mode and will be very useful for your research purposes, your MA and MA examination and other competitive teaching examinations as well. So do subscribe my channel too. Let's start. First of all, phenomenology. Phenomenology is the name of Phenomena plus Logi or Logi or Logus. Phenomena means Ghatrna. Logi means Ghatrna. Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness. It is experienced from the first person point of view. Phenomenology is the structure of consciousness. It is the foundation of our consciousness which has been experienced from the first person point of view. If I have experienced it, then it should be exactly like that. There should be no harm, no pollution, no impurity. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality. It is being directed towards something else. It is an experience of or about some object. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality. It is directed towards an object or an experience. So we have to take care of intentionality. This is the central essence of Phenomena. Phenomenology is commonly understood in either of two ways. The origin of Phenomenology is philosophy. You can understand it in two ways. As a disciplinary Phenomenology or as a movement in the history of philosophy or as a movement in the history of philosophy or as a movement in the history of philosophy. Literally Phenomenology is the study of Phenomena. If you have not seen its literal meaning, then Phenomenology is the study of Phenomena. Appearances of things are things as they appear in our experiences. It is a study of things or as we do the work of things. The way we do the work is also an experience. That is, the meanings things have in our experiences. What is the meaning of that experience in our experiences? Phenomenology is a study of conscious experiences. It is an experience from the subjective or first person point of view. Phenomenology is the human being of the sixth and fifth person point of view or from the subjective point of view of the first person point of view. There is no point of view of the second person point of view. The one who has done the work of things, we have to tell the work of things. If you look at the history of it, from where it comes to origin then Phenomenology came into its own with Hussar. Much as it came into its own with Dekate and ontology and metaphysics came into its own with Oeris Total on the heaths of Plato. The epistemology, the knowledge of Dekate, ontology and metaphysics are connected to the work of Aristotle and Plato. The work of Phenomenology is based on the work of Hussar. Many people worked on it in the first of of the 20th century and the literature of Phenomenology is moving forward. If we want to see from this picture, in 1913, he said that Phenomenology is the science of the essence of conscious. Phenomenology is the essence of consciousness. The essence of consciousness is the science of consciousness. Phenomenology is the essence of consciousness. In 1927, Heidegger tells us that in being and time we interpret our actions and meanings in the world by looking at our relations to the world. Similarly, in 1930, he tells us about Proust, Morley, Ponti, Sardar. So, this is his history. The philosophical point of view is important. But since we are studying it in the form of a qualitative research methodology, we will know its name and then it will work. You will know the name of the history. Science of the essence of consciousness will work. Then your knowledge will work. There is no need to go into so much detail. Then how did Phenomenology connect with the qualitative approach? So, if we assume that the qualitative approach is to do the description, the point of view of a person, to do it in a real world setting, as it is to do it, then there are many approaches. There are only five approaches. There can be more in the 20th century, like the ethnometrology and focus group discussion is missing. So, there can be one narrative inquiry or narrative research that we have talked about. We have talked about the grounded theory, we have talked about the ethnography, that we have studied this study from the point of view of qualitative research. We have studied the methods of educational psychology. So, the narrative inquiry is that exploring an individual's life is the life of a person. The grounded theory is the generator theory from the data of participants. The data that is getting from the participants is being merged with that. Ethnography is a cultural study. How do the people of that particular culture understand things? What are the values for them? What is the case study? What is the case study of one or two individuals? What is the phenomenology in that? Understanding the shared essence of experience. That is, the experience that has been experienced by someone, we have to understand the essence of it and see it as it is. We will have to learn the rest in detail. There is nothing special about it. The phenomenology is qualitative research. So, now we will see how the phenomenology is interpreted as qualitative research. It is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a life experience within a particular group. That is, we have to focus on the special social experiences that people have shared. And the fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at the description of the nature of the particular phenomena. And our main goal, the main goal is to describe the nature of that particular phenomenon and to describe the nature of it. This approach highlights the specifics and identifies the phenomena perceived by an individual in a situation. And this approach highlights the specifics, that is, the existence and recognises the phenomena as the individual perceives it in the situation. And this aim is to extract the purest data that has not been attained before. And its aim is to get the data in a pure form. Like it has been experienced and never been extracted before. Through this method, researchers have to answer two major questions. And in this method, the main goal of the approach is to get the answer of two main questions. What are the subject experiences related to the phenomena? What is the experience related to the phenomenon and what factors influence the experience of the phenomena? And what is the reason for this? Then, characteristics. What will happen in phenomenology that makes it different from other things? From other approaches? Or what are the special qualities that will make the study of phenomenology? So, phenomenology is a method that has four characteristics. Four main goals should be description, reduction, essence and intentionality. Description is to reduce all biases that you have to pay attention to and intentionality means the balance between objective and subjective. The aim of phenomenology is the description of the phenomena and not explain the phenomena. That is, you do not have to study the phenomena. Study means that you will not study anything as it is. And phenomenology means describing something to the thing itself. The thing itself. What is the reduction? It is a process in which the assumptions and prejudices about the phenomena are delayed to ensure that biases do not pollute the description of the observations. That is, the experience the perception of it does not disturb any assumption, bias, prejudice or anything. It is exactly the same as it has become. It is in purest form. Sorry. The essence is the core meaning of individual experiences in certain phenomena as they are. The core meaning of individual experiences is the essence and we have to take care of the essence. What it involves is the exploration of the phenomena. If we explore the phenomenon then what will come out of it? Free imagination, intuition, reflection everything makes its essential essence and this is a feature of phenomenology. Intentionality, phenomenology using two concepts. Noesis and Noema We have to take care of these two concepts and use them to express the intentionality. Intentionality refers to the core relation which is related to Noema and Noesis which directs the interpretation of an incident. Noema is an objective statement of behaviour and experience. We did not put any subjectivity in it. While Noesis is a subjective reflection of the objective statement then we have to write and the subjectivity is to come in qualitative research. No matter how much we try we have to write it as it is because the researcher is writing and the subject is not. We negotiate and re-negotiate and if we negotiate again the relation between Noema and Noesis then it is intentionality. If we use it as a method then what will happen? First we will choose the cases on which the incident occurred then we will talk to them or we will do participant observation. If phenomenology is a research method then what questions will be there to find the answer to phenomenology which is a very special experience like when the last stage of cancer patients is not working then how do they feel and experience in their lives how difficult and or someone's rape in their life or in tsunami or or in accident that experience is very special it is totally theirs that experience cannot be of any other so we have to do that with this kind of studies so that we can take it out in the purest form so what you have to do in this interviews, conversations participant observation, action research and the establishment of a good level of rapport and empathy is critical to gaining depth of information particularly where the participant has a strong personal stake we have to empathize with them no matter where you are in a qualitative research methodology you have to learn about the incident if you add your value and your ethics then no one will talk to you no one will share their personal experience with you then if you look at phenomenology as research design then I have given it in text form process is determine if research problem fits a phenomenological research approach then identify the phenomena to study then identify the specific research or assumptions of the phenomenology collect data analysis write textual and structural description write a composite description of presently findings in written form if we follow this then phenomenology research design will be completed we have written here of the phenomena then development of a detailed description then bracketing personal prejudices bracketing is used in phenomenology we have to do our own prejudice in a bracket collection of data from the participants analysis of data development of a composite description presentation of description merits is you can get purest data if you do it really well then that will come out life experiences of human beings and gain insights into their actions and motivation broaden their knowledge about a certain phenomena create awareness about the phenomena that can come out of the magic of that incident clarifying the relationships between life experiences and the theories used to explain those experiences that incident can be clarified contribute to the development of new theories new theory can come out new theory can be developed but be merits research are induced bias no matter how much you break up your prejudice your assumption it will come out somewhere because we are not machines we are we are we are we are we are we are we are we are we are participants may not be able to express their views articulately due to factors like language barrier age and cognition suppose you are 50 years old and you are going to do research and the researcher is 18 years old no matter how much he wants he will not be able to do anything age gap will come generation gap will come what kind of cognition he is understanding what is his cognitive level what is your cognitive level both are not matching but he will not be able to tell language barrier many things can happen so you can understand that if we really approach phenomenology in the form of research approach then how good we can give literature it is a very good method but as usual the time consuming bias comes so called validity establish so thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel explore education enjoy my telegram group 2 i have completed phenomenology 2 only 2 major approaches have been left that is ethnomethodology and focus group discussion i will discuss later then from my side