 McEnicholi'n gyda lodd yn ddiogelodd sgwp de chi eich dweud, pan'na i'n gwybod, ond ystwg ychydigol wedi'i ysgrifennu cyflodiyaeth. Felly, mae'n gofyniadau yma, wedi'i gwybod, ac yn ddod o'r cyflodiyaeth cyflodifa, a'r cyflodifa iddyntau fofyn yn eu bodig. Mae'n meddylch i'r dweud o'r wneud, mae'n meddylch i'r ddweud, mae'n meddylch i'r ddweud, mae'n meddylch i'r ddweud. Felly, mae'r ddweud i'r ddweud yn 2014-15, a yna sy'n cymwybwch i'r dweud o'r ddylch i'r dweud, mae ar hyn a bwyswch i'r dweud, am ychydig i'r ddweud, am y mawr i schegigio, a i ddeliswyd. Felly, mae'n rhaid o'r dianyl yn y cysylltu, a'r rhaid i bod devicesio yn cael ei ddefnyddio. Mae'n goth ope purchase. Ac rwy'n meddwl i'r Llywodraeth Ymwneud, ar y dilydd o'r dyfodol yn ôl o'r cyfnodd o'r newid o'r pwn o'r cyfnodd o'r ddweud. Ac rwy'n meddwl i'r Llywodraeth ymwneud. Ymwneud yw ymwneud? Mae fynd i ddim yn ddigonol i'n cyfnodd y Llywodraeth Ymwneud mewn gwahau amlau. Yn dweud, mae'n gwybod i'n meddwl i'w ddylu. Mae'n meddwl i'n meddwl i'r Llywodraeth Ymwneud.我觉得 mae'n fregau eich bod ni'r cyffredinol yw hollwch chi wedi'u ar y cyffredinol, yn ychydigau'r hyn o'r bobl o'r cyffredinol yng Nghymru, â'u cyffredinol ar y bobl, ac angen i ddain y f ffordd hefyd ar gyfaf. Mae'r bobl yn cyffredinol, yn oed yn gwneud, gyda'r bobl i amser i nôr, yn y ffordd hyn o hollwch chi. I asked myself, what earth can we do? There must be something we can do. I had an idea. The title of this talk, preparing for the aftermath, we would have to go in there for a while. But then, why not offer training to our colleagues in Iraq and the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage so that they could confront that devastation, could confront the aftermath and know exactly what to do from day one. So I took this idea of a training programme to our then director, Neil Grover, who was quite taken with the idea and together we set off to DCMS and they were taking the idea too. And so they were very generous. A lot of certain amount of them gave us the sum of three million pounds. The scheme that developed became the pilot for what has become now as a competition. So in essence, just to remind you, and I don't want to dwell on this, but this is the sort of thing. You remember these awful pages. You remember being as upset, I'm sure, as I was at the time, and feeling absolutely impotent. And so, armoured with three million pounds and putting various things into place, we saw the development of the Iraq Emergency Heritage Management Training Scheme. That's an awful mouthful. And actually a jolly look, I've got those words in the right order. I don't usually. So from now on it's just the Iraq scheme. So what does it do? What do we do with our colleagues in Iraq? Well to start with, we don't do anything to them. We actually ask them what they want. This is a thorough cooperation with the State of Atlantic, which is we ask them what skills they need and we strive to provide them. And we're talking about sophisticated techniques of rescue, retrieval, archaeology, documentation, stabilisation of sites that have been very badly destroyed. So it's a fieldwork operation and in a way, like any other archaeological destruction, an ISIS destruction is much the same. You have to understand what you're left with before you can possibly move on to talk about reconstruction or redevelopment of these sites. So that in a nutshell is what we're teaching. So how does it work? Well, we take three months in the year, we bring over six to eight participants at a time. These are agreed between ourselves and the Iraqi State Board who they're going to be. We bring them to the British Museum and we train them, if you like, classroom style for that three month period. And we teach them as much as we possibly can. In the front there, I took on two senior archaeologists to run the programme. John McGill is there. I'll come back to him in a moment. And Sebastian Ray, who is missing from that photograph. On the other side, on the right hand side behind the lady with the scarf. Sebastian Ray and John McGill are the two senior archaeologists taken on for the scheme. So photography obviously is terribly important. We teach them not only object photography, which you see here, but also manual photography and site photography. We provide them, not only thanks to that government money, we provide them with pretty high-end cameras and lenses which they are about to keep. They take them back to Iraq and put them into practice in the field there. And so indeed we give them laptop computers as well to put all the software, Photoshop and whatever on those machines. Technical drawing, recording of various sorts. We teach them again classroom style here. I think they're learning to do object drawing at this point. Surveying, of course, is one of the most important, vital aspects of any training programme. We train them on something called a multi-station. Some of you may not know about a multi-station, but it's a bit like a total station. But better. A total station is a very sophisticated and surveying kit. A multi-station does it in 3D if you need it to. And it's a remarkable instrument that you can basically set up in a room like this, set it to go, then it will come back with a 3D image of this room fully plotted. And we have provided now three of these machines and donated them to the State Port of Antiquities for further use in Iraq when the training programme is over. I should say, by the way, that the money that we got from the government was to provide for four years of training, by which time we hope, and I can tell you now we've succeeded, in training 50 professionals from the State Port. We teach them about satellite imagery, geomatics, in other words GIS, GPS. These sorts of techniques are very important to what we do. Geophysical remote sensing, another item in the toolkit, if you see what I mean, we've recently added drone technology to the programme as well. But above all, we teach them excavation methodology, stratigraphic excavation, how to record your work in the field, in 3D, in the plans, sections of the sort that you see there, your recording sheets, data sheets, the whole range of documentation that you need on an archaeological site. So that's what we do in London, and we involve other partners who are historic in them, for example, like Alexander's here, have been very helpful and very generous with their time in our programme. We have a whole variety of tutors that give their time, sometimes completely free of charge to help with this very beneficial training programme. But when it's over in London, we don't kind of cut and loose and say, right, go back to Iraq now and put it into action, no. What we do, which I think is unique, is we then follow up our training with field work in Iraq. And we've established two excavation projects in Iraq, in the south, in southern Iraq, and one in Iraqi Kurdistan, north. And there, our participants are able to put into practice what they've learned in theory. And this really is a point where our teaching, if you like, sounds it. But doing it actually yourself, it actually means something. And at the end of this process, these people are capable of actually going and directing the field work operation all by themselves. So, and they're not just, these are not kind of, you know, we couldn't have a sample to Linda Russell Square, but actually probably couldn't. But these are not just training excavations. These are fully-fledged research projects at major sites of international significance. And you'll see that in a moment. And in the north, John McGinnis is working at Dabandirania near Lake Do Can at an incredible site, which is right on the kind of the border between the Hellenistic and the Partheon spheres of influence. And has produced some remarkable results there. That's a view of the area around Lake Do Can. Caracadaband is the most extensively excavated site. And the participants contributed every aspect of this excavation project. They then just gather an old rubber bucket. They are actually involved in the field work, in supervising the work, in doing a surveying, a photography, a drawing of the finds, a registration, you name it, they do it, and they contribute to the written reports. So, really from beginning to end, they're involved 100%. And there they are, actually on the site. You can see it's not far from the lake itself. This is a very important building, you can probably see it there, which seems to be a type of fortress of the Partheon period with a later sustaining phase on top. But on the bottom, you can see that our teaching doesn't stop with the end of the working day on site. That classroom style teaching carries on in the afternoons and evenings. It makes a pretty demanding course, I have to say. So, these are just a couple of the lady participants. We were very keen right from the beginning to make sure that there was a good balance between men and women on this project and we insisted that we would have equal representation. We were able to negotiate that with the State Board so we've had those men groups and women groups. We can't really mix and form a whole variety of cultural reasons that you might well understand. But it's worked out terribly well. So, this is one of the groups here and some of the finds that they were responsible for, wonderful classical style statue there, which had a lot of pigmentation on it, which has been analysed. There is a more developed stage of the excavation of that fortress. Another arm, which actually turned out to come from the same statue, was analysed, and a Sasanian coin on the top left. And here are people getting to grips with the surveying process using the old-fashioned kind of dumpy levels that will grow up with some of you. And there the multi-station doing its job on the right-hand side there. By the time they finish this course, there you know how to use this equipment. And that's a real asset when it comes to some of the sites that have been very badly damaged in Iraq when we north and south. So here we are again just showing some of the participants, getting to grips here with retrieving finds from the excavation. In the south we have perhaps an even more famous site that we are dealing with, and that is the site of Telo, Ancient Gerson. This is a site that defines civilian archaeology in the 19th century, excavated by a series of French scholars up until, I think, 1930 or thereabouts. And then the site largely abandoned until it was re-excavated initially by Sebastian Ray before he came to the British Museum. So when he came to the end, he brought this wonderful site with him, which has proved to be one of the most exciting sites that I've actually encountered. That's a sort of aerial view of the site. It's a very, very extensive. It's a huge site composed of many different mounds, all on one base, if you've seen from me. And to remind you that it's most famous king, I'm sure you will have seen at the British Museum, King Gwdeir. There is his statue standing in front of a case full of Sumerian artefacts. So the main phase that Sebastian's been excavating has been in the 3rd millennium BC, although he's recently come down on earlier prehistoric materials. There is his team. It operates on a fairly large scale, which is appropriate for the size of the site. The most remarkable thing he and the participants have been uncovering is the temple of the god Nen Giesu, the most important temple at Giesu Telo, partly excavated by the French, but not completed, and certainly not understood by them. One of the most extraordinary things is the statue in the moon of Gwdeir sitting there with a plan, a real plan on his lap. Sebastian worked out that this plan was actually the plan of the building he was excavating at Telo. Not only that, but he worked out the metrics of the plan on the statue, and it works with a logarithmic scale of 7, whatever that means, but it means that what he was able to do was to take the plan on the statue and transfer it to the ground. He was able to predict where corners were, where various buttresses were, and so forth, and he was out 5 centimetres. There you see excavations going on in that temple building. It is a remarkable building, chock full of these little cones, quite big cones, about so big, with an inscription all dedicated to Gwdeir. There's one of those cones in the ground, a bit of drone activity going on there, to terribly useful now for overhead photography. There are some of the participants there, and you can see engaged in every activity there, even down to washing the potchards, which was thrilling. And one of the most remarkable buildings of all at Telo, this is the world's earliest bridge, dating to about 2800, 2600 BC, that sort of period. Those are the piers, if you like, and there was a canal going through the gap in the middle there, dividing the religious part of Giesu from the public part, the public buildings, the administrative buildings. And this building was partly, and rather badly excavated in the 1930s, and then left to rot. And Sebastian revived it, re-excavated it, understood its function as a bridge, and then turned it into a project for restoration. Now one of the things we do teach in the training programme is the ethical use of restoration. And there are many questions around this. Do you actually say to your Iraqi colleagues, okay, let's put Nimrud back as it was before ISIS. Now Nimrud has suffered about 80% damage to his excavated remains. Are you going to spend millions, billions on doing that? Or are you going to say, well actually, all of that's been recorded terribly well, a photograph drawn, whatever. I think we're going to put our money into digging a new area where we can present something new for potentially a tourist audience when they can never get tourists back to Iraq. So there are questions here. We're not guiding them. We're letting out the options for them. But this provided the opportunity to show in a very graphic way what is involved in a decision about restoration. How do we do it? Are we going to do it properly? Are we just going to balance in concrete in there? No, of course we are. So here he involved people to make mud bricks again in traditional fashion. He brought in, sorry, somebody from the Royal Monuments Fund who advised on the lining, the bitumen lining of this, oh, it's gone down. Have you turned me off, Clyde? No, no, no, no, no, no. There you go. It doesn't matter about the surround, does it? You put on a side show. What is that? There we are again. So this is a proper exercise in restoration. This is a slow process and an expensive one and that's one of the lessons, I think, and one of the reasons why we're doing this, to show that proper restoration is both time-consuming and expensive and therefore will provide more options for our participants. So altogether we provide a whole range of activities for our participants, both in London and in the field. And at the end of it, we feel that they've had a fully rounded experience and it has paid off. And I can tell you now that on the basis of our training programme, several of our participants have been pointed to senior positions within the State Board. Charged, for example, one of them charged with the assessment of the site of Nineveh Mining Group, and I think that as well. And another one is now in charge of the restoration of the Mosul Museum. So it has had a very, very positive impact and I'm pleased to tell you that DCMS have very recently agreed to a one-year extension for the Iraq scheme to keep it going for another year until there's another spending review where we'll see where we go beyond that. So that's the Iraq scheme for you. Thank you.