 So hi, good afternoon, everybody. So hope everyone is doing fine. All right, so first of all, I welcome everyone of you. For those of you who have just joined to attend this Andrew College panel discussion on the team on Implement in Naglin, causes and possible solutions organized by Development of Economics, Ditzel College, and Eastern Christian College. So first of all, let me introduce myself. So my name is Iyem Younger Osekem, Development of Economics from Ditzel College. And I would like to thank the organizers for giving me this opportunity to be the moderator for this event. So first of all, I would like to introduce the presenters and the panelists for today's event, as well as the judges for today's event. So first of all, we have Ketolo Loring from Feast Semester, Vinivhi Third Semester, and Shako Iconiak Feast Semester, representing Ditzel College. And secondly, we have Kilipo Feast Semester, Kipipo Feast Semester, and Ichi Feast Semester, representing Eastern Christian College. And similarly, I want to introduce the judges for today. So first of all, we have Ma'am Aosinla, SSM professor at Kwai University, Naglin. And secondly, we have Sir Sini Honlo, assistant professor from San Joseph University. And lastly, we have Dr. Rene Pini, assistant professor from Christ University, Bangalore. So I, on behalf of everyone, would like to thank you for your time to attend this, taking time out to attend this event. And lastly, I want to introduce my dear colleagues, Dr. Devavada and HOD, and Ms. Lily, assistant professor from Ditzel College. And of course, we have Ma'am Temsutula from Eastern Christian College as well. So as we all know, the topic for our discussion today is regarding unemployment problems in Naglin. So this problem of unemployment, it has been persisting for a very long time, at least for some decades. And we have been dealing with this problem for a while. This problem has been plaguing us for some time. So I personally feel that this problem, we as people from economics background and students and scholars of economics, I think I feel like it is our duty to discuss these issues and look for new ways and to bring about possible solutions to deal with these problems. So today, we're going to do that today. And I hope that through this discussion, through this event, we will get a productive result. And I hope that we will all get to learn something new. All right. So I just want to give you a little bit of information in the order of today's event. So first of all, we will have welcome address by Dr. Debar Bhatta in Ditzel College. And it will be followed by discussions from the speakers, and which will be followed by Q&A sessions after they're done with their talks. And after the Q&A sessions, we will have the result declaration. And lastly, we will have both of things from Demsitula, HOD, Development of Economics, ECC, Eastern Christian College. OK. Very well. So to start off, let me give the time to Dr. Debar Bhatta for his welcome address. So please take the time. Thank you so much, Mr. Younger. Good afternoon, everyone. To today's sessions of Intercollege panel, discussion on the theme, Unemployment in Nagarjuna, Causes and Possible Solutions. This particular program is being jointly organized by the Department of Economics, Taxo College, and Department of Economics, Eastern Christian College, Timapo. Today, we have with us today six young minds. And they will be talking about the topic that matters almost to them. Within a year or two, these students, these youths of today, they will enter the job market. And we all know that it's been almost six decades that Nagarjuna got statehood. But then the problem of unemployment is not reducing. So we thought that this particular topic will help the students to understand the situation. And maybe they will be in a position to adjust with themselves. And then they will go for curriculum. Or they will develop the skills. And when they enter the job market, they get employment. I am very happy that we have six participants. And I am delighted to have three scholars, academicians from Nagarjuna and outside the Nagarjuna to judge this event. I welcome you all to this event. And I expect that all of you will take active participation in this program. And you will give your valuable feedback as well. So with this, I want to welcome all the participants and start the process. So all the best. Have a good day. Thank you. OK. Thank you, sir, Teba, for your lovely speech. Now let's move over to the next order of the program. So we will now begin with the discussion. So I'm given a sequence of the participants. So before we start, I would like to give you a few informations. So each participants are given five minutes each for their time. And OK, so I just want to remind everyone to kindly switch off your microphone for those of you. OK, thank you very much. OK, so first of all, we have Kipipo from Eastern Christian College. So now I give time to Kipipo Eastern Christian College. You may kindly take your time. Hello. Am I available? Yes, Kipipo. Yes, Kipipo, you're audible. OK. You only fail when you stop trying. Good afternoon, everyone. Respect the moderator, panel of judges, and everyone who have joined in for the program. My good name is Kipipo Zikapo. I'm from Eastern Christian College, presently in BFA semester. Without wasting much time, I will straightly like to jump to the topic. Unemployment. A work which is very common to everyone in Nagaling. It is like a headache or a very high temperature, which is very unpleasant and exhausting. What are the reasons for unemployment? But when this question is asked, the first answer that comes to most of our mind is very simple. After all, we have our government to blame. And yes, the answer is partly true. The lack of political instability and proper infrastructure gives birth to unemployment. Though the government with slow space of time, they are taking up certain schemes such as DDUGKY, which aims to target the youth group of 15 to 35 years of age, providing incentives as a part of government age. So, but practically speaking, the government has not so much to do in fixing this issue. The problem of unemployment is not the government had it alone. It is a problem of everyone. And we should be working together to solve this, instead of waiting for the government to help us. It is no problem as much as it is mine. And as for the other problem is the attitude of the people. The one big habit of the Naga society is that we tend to give up very easily without even trying. And if it is not government job, we stop. Or we either wait for it. And when we realize it, we become a parent, which is too late. And we call them unemployed. Or in my term, I call those people who are happy on a Monday. So to provide employment to the people, the education system can help a lot in it. But according to me, the educational system of Naga Land is a non-job-based oriented system. It is just a theoretical-based system. There is a need for shaping, revamping, and reconstructing our educational system. Not everything about our educational system is wrong. But it does not mean it does not need any fixing. The very uniqueness of the students or children are shut closed by the teacher, by either teacher or institutional regulations or some silly stupid reasons. The students are given so much outdated information to remember, to memorize, and to learn that they don't have time to create. And yes, it is also the students duty to enhance our maturity level and to understand the broad picture, not confined by the books. But understanding what is happening around us and what are the challenges in the society. The education system shouldn't be a place like prison where students are bound to follow the rules. They should be given the freedom to explore the talents and their skills. And also, speaking of attitude of the people, the best example that I can give as of now is, during this lockdown, we have seen many young YouTubers of Nagaland coming up. Yep, they're using the talents, their skills to provide entertainment to the people and as well as they're earning through it. There are many ways of us for us to be self-employed, such as we can take up many professions such as a photographer, a tutor, an artist, designer, and many more. There's more to life than we know about. We just have to get out from our comfort zone and explore it. We Naga people need to be more civilized and polite. Our ways of treating our job and a career are very narrow. And sir, I can only think about a white-collar job because we as a society, we venerate only those employed in a noble position. Who is sounds better when people say that one is preparing for IS or MBBS competitive exam than they say that one is doing a clerical job? Many of us think that the problem of unemployment should be residual problem, but it is not. It should be a primary problem, which we should come together to solve it and which we can not only depend on the government or we should not only depend on our elders, it should be us coming together to work against it. The problem of unemployment cannot be completely removed, but it can be reduced to its maximum if you come together and help it. And as I would like to conclude with a quotation, which says that don't be a part of the problem, but be a part of the solution. Thank you. Okay, so thank you very much, keep people for your time and for your views and ideas. Now let's just move over to the second one, second panelist, that is, we have Shakui Konnyak from Dechsel College. So kindly, you may kindly take your time. Hello, am I already able? Yes, yes. Yes, Mr. Shakui, you're at. Okay, thank you, sir, okay. Good afternoon, everyone. I respect that moderator, judges, and teaching staff and to all my dear friends. My name is Shakui from Dechsel College, fifth semester, and as per the panel's topic, I'll be talking about unemployment in Naglain. Unemployment simply refers to a situation where an individual is employable and is seeking for a job, but are unable to find. And then we talk about unemployment in Naglain. Passing on the second report released on June 2020 by ministry, Union Ministry of Labor and Employment in Nagzapa, Naglain is found to be the state with highest unemployment in Northeast region with 17.4% followed by Tripuravit, 10%. And with the unpurated rise of educated as well as uneducated employment in Naglain, huge concern has been laid for the planners as well as public allies for employment opportunity. Moreover, thousands of unemployed in the states have been forced to confirm with the harsh reality of unemployment against which they do not have any defenses, thus the problem of unemployment has become a serious issue in Naglain which needs to be tackled with timely attention and solution. There are various causes of unemployment in Naglain and I'll be discussing few of it. The first point that I'll be discussing is causes are lack of educations and curriculum. There are various uneducated as well as educated unemployed in Naglain. This is because the Naglain education policy follows and focuses mainly on learning to know and ignores the race that is learning to do and learning to live, which are the basic quality of life. And most of the primary, secondary or even some colleges mainly focuses on Pugiz knowledge and failed to make proper curricular activities for the development of student skills, which results to unskilled labor and unemployment in Naglain. For example, let me just take an example. How to write a cycle? A student may score 100 out of 100 in examinations after studying how to write a bicycle. But unless that very person is given a bicycle to drive or to learn, he or she will never learn how to drive it. Here, what I mean to say is, unless we do what we know, we will never learn a thing for real. So, if enough, to do such lack of curriculum and activities, the ability of the students and the skills remains unrefined and even after HSLC graduations or higher studies, their skills remain unrefined and which results them not capable of taking any jobs. And some of them end up unable to decide their own professions. There was also such kinds of curricular activity should be organized so that they can go forward for employment opportunities and various scenes that comes up for employment. The second thing that I want to discuss, the causes that I want to discuss is, attitude of people towards job. Most of the Naga people's attitude towards jobs like private as well as self-reliant jobs are ignoring. They mostly prefer governmental jobs and they only apply for such things. Most of the time if they fail to get such governmental jobs, they just wait for the next opportunity and do nothing at home and just waste your time. And that's my own personal observations in my locality as well as in others. And the third point that I would like to discuss is corruption. When we talk about corruption, we all know that Nuggling is one of the most corrupted state in India. And when we talk about unemployment and corruption, it is an interlink process but it always leads to unemployment. Corrupted leaders would never appoint a person with good quality and what to say. Yeah, good quality and personality who could develop the economic development of Nuggling. They only sell the post to those people with paper appointment or to those who have support from higher ups. So appointing those people who are incapable and thus takes the economy to a resisting phase and thus when economy is laced in a resisting phase, the opportunity that must be created for unemployed people becomes impossible. Thus there are various solutions to remove unemployment in Nuggling. The first thing that we can start off with is to keep importance to all the quality of life that is learning to know, learning to do and learning to live because if even one of those things are missing, it will be an incomplete quality of life. And the second thing that we can talk about is the suggestion that I can suggest is to change the attitude of people towards jobs such as by organizing advertisements, training as well as Sims so that it would encourage them to employ in other jobs apart from governmental jobs if they fail to get a governmental job. Next is making government leaders to follow various employment sims organized by the Indian government such as McAndy National Rural Employment Guarantee Team, Prime Minister Suwaraj Karyojna, et cetera. So there are many other solutions to it but these are some of the few solutions that I'd like to suggest and consequently by encouraging such activities and sims, the unemployment can at least be reduced to a certain extent and develop our state to a next level. With this, I'd like to go in now, thank you. Okay, so thank you Mr. Shagway for your ideas and thoughts, that was quite insightful. So, next we have the third panelist, we have Kilipu from Eastern Christian College so you may kindly take your time. Hello, I hope I'm out of here. Yes, yes. Good afternoon, respected moderator, panel of judges, all the lecturers present here and my dear brothers and sisters. Today we are here to discuss on a very delicate topic that is unemployment in nagging. What is unemployment? It is a situation where there is no job or there is joblessness or there is phenomenon or there is joblessness in an economy. Unemployment remains the most fundamental concern for an individual as well as for the society. Unemployment is a world crisis and it has been at its peak since time immemorial. Looking about unemployment, it may vary from country to country or states to states. With Naglind having 21.4% unemployment rate as of July, 2021, the National Institute of Transforming India, Niti Ayog and the Nird Sea and SDG Index have declared Naglind as one of the worst performing states in India which was publicized to media. And as such was published in the Frontier Manifold, the Sentinel Assam, North East Nile and a lot of criticism was discussed in a live performance. Therefore, being a young and upcoming generation, we should understand and discuss what are the causes and also get to learn the suggestive majors to get away with this unemployment. I would love us to drift our attention on what are the causes of unemployment by focusing our topic on poor governance. Government is people and people is government. So with such a definition, there can never be any direct criticism on any government. However, India being a democratic government and as such as in India being a developing country, election plays a huge role for the overall development of any states. Naglind being an opposition less government would not share its view or lay direct response for where the performance in the state is being at its worst since its statehood in 1963. The following political parties such as the Congress, the Rising People's Party, RPP, the National People's Party, MPP have been criticizing upon the present government that is the PTA government, bringing the government credibility on the standards. While some attributes states poor performance to corruption, other accuses the present government of being a business-minded government who only works for their benefits and not for the welfare of the people. Now I would want us to focus on the reasons for why the lack of diversity in curriculum, in educational curriculum is being a cause for unemployment. Diversity in educational curriculum is one of the most controversial topic for me. Since getting to learn about the history of India, I have not got to learn anything about, not even a single paragraph about our culture that is Naglind and being a minority indigenous people among the most populated nations in the world such as India with 1.4 billion population, we should know who and how we have come with so far. According to my concept, there is biasness in writing about the culture and origin of such industry of India. However, if the NBSC or Naglind University takes the initiative and produce our own historical facts and bring upon it in the school curriculum, it may prove fruitful in the near future. It is barely my opinion, but when the world and when the other nations were fighting and most each other, for who will dominate the field of science and technology, our forefathers were roaming our damn naked in the Nagar hills. Nagas are counted civilized, but it has just been, we have just been counted as civilized just a decade ago. Lack of diversity in curriculum can also be focused on the Indian curriculum system. Since every state has to follow the same curriculum given out by the central board, I should say that Indian curriculum gives out, as you said, an Indian curriculum is barely quantity and not quality focused. It is just focused on producing a lot of quality education, quantity education. And we know Indian non-detention policy was introduced in the 86th Amendment Right to Education Act, where all children between the age of six to 14 have the right to full-time education of acceptable and equitable quality. It means that children will inevitably be promoted to the next class. This type of education system have made the children pampered and shielded the society in a big way. In trying to help these, we have brought the best down so low. Now I would want us to focus on some suggestive measures on how to overcome this unemployment that we are passing through. The first thing that we can focus on is about on how to eradicate the political corruption. Since India, we are one of the largest democratic country in the world. Our minds tend to be infested with freedom, which eventually lets us to have a corrupt mind. All the schemes, central sponsored funds, appointments, et cetera, are all brought from the center. And as a public, during election time, our people, with another, we tend to tell our votes, which directly or indirectly stops us from raising our voice in the wrongdoing of our government, even if it is an open secret that the government is doing wrong. Irritation of this corruption will eventually make Nagaland a better Nagaland. We should do our way with selling our votes and focus on maintaining free and fair elections. Promoting cultural heritage of the Nagas. Though we Nagas in the 21st century are living so much like a civilized individual, it is not only, it is just only true character and not true in discipline and in ideology. It's so hard to cope up with the civilized world. We are forgetting our cultural heritage. So we must learn how to promote our cultural heritage first. On the bright side, recently, our society has seen a great awakening in the commercial enterprise. People are making ideas come true and they are risking everything to develop the ideas. Area of hope seems to have broken through the plight of unemployment mentally and maybe we are looking for the new race of generation, a generation of creators. But however, we must always remember that we have a creator who is greater than us and our creation. Getting to have such a productive panel discussion on such a delicate topic, the organizers from both the colleges can give the discussion in report, collect the data and make a hard copy out of it so and publish it in the medias to make the people aware of the situation of what we are going through. A heartful gratitude to Tetsuo Colleges and Eastern Christian Colleges for coming up with such an intriguing topic. I hope we all got to learn something through this discussion. God bless. Okay, so thank you very much, Ms. Kilipo. Those were some very new issues and thank you for bringing those new issues into the light. So next we have Ketolo Loren from Tetsuo Colleges. Take your time. Hello, I hope I'm audible. Yes, yes, Ketolo. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Ketolo and I'm from Tetsuo College. Since our moderator and since all of you are aware of what unemployment is, I wouldn't be going with any introductory note and I would like to jump straight into the issue of unemployment and what it is doing to us, to our Naglin. Without a flourishing private sector, it is quite certain that there is going to be a huge unemployment issue in the area, which is evident in Naglin. When you look into the issue of unemployment, the root cost is the illegal taxation levied by the underground groups as well as our government organizations. This is one of the main reasons why investors don't come to Naglin to put their money on us. There's a huge potential in the agricultural and tourism sector in Naglin. Even with such taxes being imposed, Naglin has somewhat managed to make some profit from these two sectors. Now, imagine the revenue the state will generate if they are big mainland companies. Imagine the construction of food processing industries in the agricultural sector and companies like Club Mahindra and Tata Group of Resorts investing in the local tourist facilities. Now, all of that will only be possible if the underground stops charging heavy taxes on businesses, don't you think? It is said that a single group levies a tax of about 80,000 rupees for a single truck crossing the Kohima-Dimopur Highway. Now, multiply that by 100, which is the rough estimate of daily traffic on the National Highway. You have a tax collection of about 80 lakhs per day. These are absolutely absurd numbers, don't you think? And in such conditions, I think businesses have very little margin of profit. Even in the age of GST, police personals, motor vehicle associations, municipal and town councils continue to collect taxes. There have been reports that due to so much taxation in Naglin, many money poor-bound businesses which were earlier based in Dimopur have now shifted based the Siltra and Assam. And now they're operating through the Jirubam National Highway. We should remember that when a business relocates, it takes away jobs along with them, be it a small hardware store or a big multinational organization. Each of them is an employment opportunity for the youth. Let's not forget that the Texas levied are not only by one group, but by multiple organizations. That amounts to hundreds of crores in losses per month for the businesses in the state. Now, the non-existence of a stable, vibrant and flourishing private sector is what is the biggest issue regarding the employment problem. And perhaps the biggest stumbling block or the hindrance to that is illegal taxation. Until illegal taxation is removed, there will be little or no investment from the outside and hence job creation will be always below par. The second issue I would like to address is the wrong attitude of the people. According to the NPC chairman, TS Angami, 11,160 applicants appeared for an PC examination 2018 for just 62 posts. Now, the applicant to post ratio is 180 to one. Any average in the right mind would find competing against so many students very intimidating. And now the question arises, what should then they appear in the exam? Are there no other career options to choose from? Well, I think the answer here is inferiority complex between jobs in the public sector and the private sector. Children at a very young age are taught that they should aim for white colored government jobs and private jobs on the other hand, they're shunned by the society. As a kid, when asked about my aim in life, my answer would be an IS officer. Growing up, I realized that I shouldn't even be appearing in PC exam. Well, again, there's this question, why then are you appearing in PC exam? Well, there is in a way a moral obligation to my parents, I believe. And I think same is the case for so many other experience, don't you think? It is undeniable that government jobs are somewhat better than private sector jobs. But like the saying, which goes, too much of anything is bad. Our society has become excessively dependent on the government occupation as well as the government. Now, Nagaland has the highest number of government employees in the country. Ultimately, it also has the highest number of unproductive employees sucking out the state's treasury. Now, according to state government, 60% of land fund is consumed by the government employees. This in turn retarts the rate of development in Nagaland, which I believe is non-existent in Nagaland, if you think about it. As mentioned earlier, we need a stable and flourishing vibrant private sector to tackle unemployment. With increasing a number of graduates every year and limited number of government departments, I mean government posts, the already falling government is further burdened. In addition, most of the people in Nagaland likes a dignity of labor. So low-profile jobs are being filled up by immigrants from other places. Now, these immigrants, they work in Nagaland and then they send their money back to their own hometown, breaking the chain of money supply. Ultimately, as a result, we remain unemployed and proud. The first step we can take to help ourselves is by changing our attitude and humbling ourselves. And maybe, maybe if the new United government is formed, we can see changes. Or maybe this is just another tactic of theirs to fill their pockets. And thus, the attitude of complete dependence on government should change from our side. And now the last, but not the least issue I would like to address is the issue of land ownership. Article 371, I'm sorry, Article 371A of the Indian Constitution prohibits citizens other than the indigenous Nagas citizens from buying or owning land in Nagaland. Now you will ask, how is land related to unemployment? Well, to answer this, let's go back, let's take ourselves to the story of crude oil production and exploration in Nagaland. The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, ONGC, they discovered oil in the year 1981 in the Champang area of Waka district. But the state government in 1994 stopped all the ONGC activities. It stopped because of complications over who owns the land, its resources and minerals. Similarly, the Tulane project along the highway, a national highway 202, is at a pause because the locals there, they have decided to, build sheds along the way so that they can avail the damage property compensation, I think, yeah. These two examples are given in the sense that one is purely focused on economic development and the other purely in state development. However, in both the cases we can see, I mean, it reflects our greed for money and how naive we, the people of Nagaland can be. We know industrialization is important driver of employment and poverty eradication in developing countries. We sit at home and complain about unemployment, yet our own greed for money and ancestral ownership of land won't allow industrialization to happen. I think the present generation and the state should not be deprived of economic activities and the benefits that can occur if industrialization can happen. As already reiterated earlier, with the introduction of big industries, we can actually in a lot of economic activities in order to address the issue of unemployment problem. Only with the cooperation of the general public, the government and big companies, we can allow industrialization to happen. We Nagas have a perceived notion that we have rich oil reserve deposits and we only need to drill, yet we don't see any developments raised in this issue. But what we don't realize is that in the 21st century, the 21st century is expected to see a major shift in energy sources with gradual decline in the usage of fossil fuels. Now, imagine economic developments coming to Nagaland only after 20 years. Well, we could lose the word and value of the oil. Don't you think? I think allowing them to initiate the activities will only serve to the advantage of the government and the public. I think economic activities will take place and infrastructure developments in the form of roads, bridges, manpower engagements and service contracts will also come along. Well, while all of us are happy about big state development projects like the railway, the four lane project and the implementation of smart city concepts, no one seemed to share concern about Nagaland's economic development. We need sustainable long-term economic activities that can generate regular income. We need to differentiate between state development activities and economic activities. It is time we shift our attention on initiatives that will bring about long-term, gainful engagement and employment. After all, what do we gain if we're able to drive on good roads all the way to our doorsteps? What will happen when the railways bring in more finished goods that are cheaper compared to locally available equivalent products? What about the influx of arthritis and tourists who will come in contact with our people living deep inside the rural villages? With these three questions left for you guys to answer, I would like to conclude here. Thank you all so much. Okay, so thank you, Mr. Hitolo. That was quite some insightful ideas and thoughts. So next we have Ichi Konnyak from Eastern Christian College. So I give the time to the feedback. Hello, everyone. I hope I'm audible. Yes, yes, Mr. Chihir. Okay, respected. Today's moderator and panel of judges and all the members that have gathered here this afternoon. A very blessed afternoon to you all. I'm Ichi Ichi Konnyak of BF5 semester from Eastern Christian College. Today, we have gathered here to discuss on unemployment in Nakalen. Firstly, I would like to say what unemployment is. Unemployment, it is defined as a state of a person without a job or a source of income. It is the state of joblessness. Especially in Nakalen, when we talk about unemployment, like what comes in our mind is that joblessness. But the people of Nakalen, we don't care about our joys, but we usually go for a government job. That's the reason why the people of Nakalen usually have a huge number of unemployment. And over 63,733% youths are unemployed in Nakalen. And 41,306 men are unemployed, and then 22,427 women are unemployed in Nakalen. I would like to share some points presenting the course of unemployment in Nakalen. One, lack of infrastructure. In Nakalen, we don't have a developed or proper infrastructure. So most of the people are unemployed. And two, lack of dignity and sense of pride. Most of the people in Nakalen like dignity of labor. So low-profile jobs are being filled up by migrants from other places. We visited to do lower-level jobs and instead remain unemployed and proud. Three, backdoors appointment. This is not a new thing in Nakalen. The not so marginalized applicants are selected and the well-qualified ones are left unemployed in most cases. Four, poverty. This is an innovative causes resulting in unemployment. As poverty hinders one from occurring good education. Five, lack of creativity. It is a common fact that most of us lack the sense of creativity, employment opportunities for ourselves. And instead, we often go for government jobs. Thank you. Okay. Thank you, Ms. Ichi Konyak for your 1,000 ideas as well. So we only have one participant left. That is Vinivhi from Tedso College. So, you may kindly take the time. Hello everyone, I'm Adiva. Yes, Vinivhi, you're all available. Good afternoon, everyone. I'm Tedso College. I'm just a lecture and student presenter in Vinivhi Tiki from Tedso College. I'll be speaking on the topic of employment in Nakalen, its causes and suggest solutions. To save the time, I will go direct to the causes. That is one poor government. Well, as we all know, Nakalen has emerged as the world's performing state over all in the Northeast region according to NTIF reports on August. What I want to say is, Nagaland government is already corrupted. See, examples say like civil exams. Before the exam or, before the exam, see that we're already reserved. That's how government rejects our appointments. Also, there is no big companies or industries here. So it's hard to start a business. It's hard to start a business or get a civil job here. A civil job, why a civil job is because if there is no such big companies here or people randomly can give up insurance even to their own employees. Yes, even in this world, many people were unemployed due to their life salaries or yes, people in this world, all done. There is no positive impact or no positive impact or contact from Nagaland government and everything was just underdeveloped. I can execute of the people. Most problem solved under her. But Nagaland is willing to take a small job due to the sense of price and only looking for the job that save them much more income, discarding the rest. Also, the view that they see government jobs as successful ones and not others. We also remember that earning less is better than earning more. There's so much in good with government job that we don't think private jobs will do us some good. Our managers regarding this, we really need to be changed for lack of diversity in educational curriculum with a form of education system where we then actually don't learn anything. They just memorize stuff which they will eventually forget. Of course, the quality of teaching depends upon the quality of teachers and institutions. To be fully reliant the potential of this benefit school must ensure diversity exists on every level by ensuring diverse enrollment, implementing curricula which reflect the history and cultures of students of all backgrounds. Also, without establishing a relationship between also without establishing a relationship between education and employment higher education cannot create a tech grow material, grow silence. In today's competitive world we're institution are searching for towards professional courses. We never are still lagging behind in this regard. Third, food is socio-economic and structural backwardness. This is a little similar lack of facilities being provided by the government. For example, when you ask someone what they will do or go for the, what they will do after they do for their partner studies. They will obviously and publicly say they will go out of the state that there is no much escalating here to pursue goals both in government and private sector. Even if there is any, it falls in comparison and with the state with other states, it falls in comparison with other states and institutions. Many colleges here in Lagrangian were still following the traditional mode of teaching and learning instead of adopting technological teaching. Along with the dependents that they have on the government and the government with government with bigger appointment and negligence in the development of socio-economic infrastructure, backwardness, many youths in depth of their life and employees. The fifth one is parallel government. There are, I think there is more than 200 enjoyers here in Nagaland and nowhere along has 99 enjoyers. And I think when the NGOs are examining, only 293 are registered, 293 are registered with the government of India. And out of these 293, only 42, only 42, 60 are generally functioning. We don't remember, we don't exactly know that I'm safe or no clear picture about the NGO, NGOF, about it to be precise and literal. We really need to differentiate between NGO and civil society so that we are not confused with the concepts. Of course, some are really working for the states, including the government, for the executives there, but many are still not bordering about the funds and they are more ministerial for when they get their money. They just do it for the self-satisfaction or just for their insurance. I think this insurance is not a literacy MSN government. I think this insurance will contribute greatly towards unemployment. Multiple expression and effects really discourage big companies to set foot in Nagaland. Also the young entrepreneurs to, also the young entrepreneurs are discouraged to venture in this business world. So to conclude my speaking, I'd like to suggest that we people must also be a little wise and little wise in choosing our leaders and also for being a victim of bribery and brute force and very much can also contribute, also help provide opportunities to establish them or allow the foreign business to establish their branches in the state. Thank you. All right, so thank you very much Vinivi for sharing your thoughts and ideas. So now that was our last participant and now we have come to the most interesting as well as important part of our program. So next we have the Q&A session, questions and answer session. So now give the time from the audience if you have any queries or any questions that you might like to ask. So the participants, if you are ready then you kindly, you may answer their questions. Okay, so now I give the time to the audience for your questions. So you can either use the message box or you can just simply use your mic. So the respected judges can also ask away the questions. Hello sir. Okay, hello Kotobin. Am I available? Yes, yes. Okay, my question is to Kotobin. Okay. Yes, please ask. Why do you always? Carry on, carry on. According to your opinion. Yes. What is the major hurdle for our development state and unemployment? Major hurdle for our economic development. Major. And unemployment too. And unemployment, that I think it will be illegal taxation, my first point. Because see, because of illegal taxation only, companies are investing in Nagaland, right? And then like I said, in order to tackle employment, the government alone, they cannot what provide for all the population. So we need private companies. And then when these groups are leaving so much taxes, then they're unable to, I mean, these companies, they don't wanna run losses obviously. So I think the main reason is illegal taxation. Okay, so Kotobin, I hope you are clear with your thoughts or would you like to, do you have any further questions? You can ask more, bro. All right, all right. And so, okay, I agree with you regarding unemployment and undevelopment, the underground fictions. It's not only underground. If you think about it, there's this KMC and DMC. And if you read the news, the DCCI, I think they have, I mean, they were trying to do that thing, but then I think the government, they have resolved the issue, I guess. Or yeah. Okay, so would you like to continue Potobi or Mr. Potobi, is there any more questions from your end? Sir, as of now, that would be enough. Okay, all right. Okay, so thank you. All right, so, okay, so now I, even the respected judges can take the time to ask away the questions. In the meantime, anyone from the audience can take your time and then ask your questions. Hello, sir. Yes, yes, I've been on, yeah. Yes, yes, you're all people, yeah. Uh, Keryon. A fellow participant, Ms. Kilibo, you spoke something on corruption and you gave some solutions on it regarding employment. So, can you kindly elaborate more on that sensitive topic? Okay, so regarding corruption, I talk on that from the causes, that is the poor governance. So I talked about, while some attributes test poor performance to corruption, some accused with the present government of being a business-minded government who only works for their personal gains and not for the wealth of the people. So talking about corruption, it is an open secret that we all get to witness it. There is corruption in each and everything that we come across. For example, corruption in employment. It is amusing to witness the corruption in the employment of the people which is mostly done through beggar appointments. It would be a great benefit for the educated to get what they deserve and not things that is true corruption. And it is indeed such a great decision for the government to implement state selection board. So for your question, that would be answered. I hope that satisfies your question. Okay, so Miss Abino, is there any more questions from your end? Yeah, thank you, Miss Kilibo. And the next question is actually general to all, since we are speaking on employment, like proper education is considered as a foundation for someone. So when it comes to white collar job, like many people said, there would be a lot of participants for that. But given here in Nagaland, most of us we really neglect the educational system like for most of the government schools and et cetera here. Like we prefer private more of a public. So if there could be anyone here who can stress on like some points or yeah, any suggestions they would like to give, it would be very kind of you. Oh, sorry if I can answer that. Yes, sure, Carol. Nowadays, privatization of schools has become a trend and then because of that, I think even the governments, they're like, since they're good private schools and since enrollment is very less. And since, I think we can see that enrollments in government schools are very less. So since it is very less, they also, I don't think they like, they give much importance to development of government educations. And I think to tackle that, the government should stop neglecting their college schools and whatever. And then yeah, they should stop ignoring them and then maybe put more funds or put more importance to government institutions because even though there are many schools and stuff like that and enrollments in good private schools, I think many parents, they struggle to send their kids to private schools and they don't send them because they want to, but I think it's out of compulsion that they do that because ultimately government colleges that are there are no good education. So yeah. Okay, so thank you, Italo. So is there anyone that, from the panelists that would like to answer that questions? I've been to questions on education system. Okay, so, sir. Sir, Kevin. Yes, sir, you can. I have both these questions. Since I've spoken on this topic, I would like to answer a bit about the educational system in Nagaland. As I've mentioned earlier, the Nagaland educational system is mostly based on non-job oriented system. It's like we are preparing for a game which we are not going to play. So there is a need for revamping and reshaping of our educational system. Like not everything is wrong. Like I said before, not everything is wrong, but it doesn't mean that it does not need that fixing. Usually the teachers or the lectures or the educational system focus more on students, giving them like outdated information to memorize, learn and read, write on it. So they didn't focus much on skills and talents of the students. So focusing more on that might help in solving this unemployment problem. Thank you. Okay, thank you, Kibi-Fu. Okay, so... Am I audible now? Yes, yes, yes, you are. You're audible now, yeah. You can... I was on the phone, so like... Because of that, there was an issue with the audio. But anyway, thank you all presenters. You all did a very wonderful job. Every one of you, we're talking on the role of the government educational institution as well as the attitude of the people. These were some of the common points that were spoken by all the contestants. So instead of just particularly asking to one individual, I would just like to throw this question to every one of you, like you can answer your views, you can give your views on this. Okay, this is thrown to the participants. So like coming to the first point that is the role that is played by the educational system. Most of you were talking about educational system, educational system, but obviously when we talk about educational system here, we find that skill-based job oriented. Right, I guess you have heard of this skill-based courses. Instead of just going for regular classes like that, we have this skill-based courses like carpentry, like all these vocational courses, which will in the long run, these will also very much create a sense of what is known as employment opportunities, giving a hand. And so like I would like to ask to the participants regarding this thing, because we find that like, obviously skill-based courses are there, but still then it has not been introduced in most of the institutions, right? So what do you feel, or what is your take on that? I throw this question to all the participants, anyone can answer like that. Okay, so any participants can answer that question. So I hope the question was clear to you guys, I hope. Sir, can you please again repeat the question? Because we are talking about unemployment. And so one of the major ways to solve this unemployment issue is through what is known as skill-based courses that are there, that is available, right? And so every one of you have spoken on the educational system, but I think none of this thing, none of the participants has spoken particularly on the skill-based courses that is available, right? So what is the take on that? Okay, so Sir is asking about the different vocational courses that are available and wants to know what is your opinion specifically on that matter? Sir, I think it's because of, I mean, not a lot of people know about these courses, I think. That is why not many of us go and pursue that, I guess. And yeah, I think that's it, sir. I mean, if we could maybe teach people about these courses and how they can help us in the long run, maybe then more people will go into that. Okay, so a lack of proper awareness, Hitolo, you mean like that? Yes, yes, yes. Okay, a lack of proper awareness. Okay, okay. So, some more from the Adriatican part. Yeah, sir, may I speak on this too? Sure. Sir, actually not only vocational courses, but if the school and colleges also, I mean the regular classes, which are going on, if the focus not only in this only learning and memorizing, but if we were given a chance to what, I mean, if we were given a chance to practice so that we can put it into action what we are learning in our colleges and in class. So likewise, if we are given a chance to exhibit our, what we are learning, I think we can solve that. I mean, if it's not only in vocational courses, because nowadays we are only learning and the teachers, the lecturers, they give us assignment and we do that and finally we go for this final exam. So, but what we are learning most of the students we tend to forget. But if we were, I mean, if we were going for practical then we won't. So likewise it will boost our, what we are learning in the institution. So sir, I think not only the vocational courses, but if the school and the colleges, they're focused on also on the students based on their learning capabilities, I think that will also help in eliminating this unemployment. Okay. So thank you, Inotu. You meant to say practical applicability of what we are learning in school and stuff like that. So. Yes sir. Thank you. Thank you for your time. Okay. So is there anyone else from the audience? All right. So any more questions from the audience? Okay. So ma'am and Vinny, are you going to? Okay. All right. Please take your seat. Sorry to pitch in between motivator, right. Okay. So I hope I'm audible to all of you. Okay. At any point of time you find that my voice is breaking in between just, all right. Yeah. So let me first get back to the speaker of today's session. I could see that all six of you were quite capable, efficient, well-versed and well-learned about the ground reality of the unemployment issue in, in, in NACLIN, right? The issues that we, you guys have a ping point backed up and also have elaborated are quite relevant. And are this other a matter of concern, right? At this point of time, they are, I could see six of you have done extremely well. And I think there is no words beyond giving an individual one-to-one feedback on that. I could see there are also a more six of you. There will be definitely an upcoming academician. Of course, an academic activist also I could see in some of your talk. Also, I could see some speakers are also quite assertive. And that's a good quality in academics, right? So I, I definitely enjoy the entire session. I do not have a question as such that good. I don't think so. It is also a platform for me to just question or grill the student like I generally do in my classroom. But here maybe I will give a few feedback or you can take it as a comment. We have been discussing about unemployment issue. Unemployment from the time memorable, if I can just ping there. We have been talking about the problem of unemployment. We keep on criticizing the common. We keep on criticizing the system. We keep on talking about the institutional arrangement where this unemployment problem has not been addressed, right? Keeping all this aside, I totally agree. This are the major issues which need to be addressed. Look into it, not only in Nagaland, but in the entire country. And also it has a lot of thing to do with the political party in the power, right? So those are the different, those are the general level of discussion, which I think Sir Kippin has also mentioned it. Coming to the nitty gritty and the very nature of the, or the validity of the problem that we could foresee about unemployment going ahead. I will mention a few of that. We are running out of time also. And I could also, I was also informed that, I think Aosin Lammam has to leave for another meeting at around 3.30. So I think I will wrap up in another five, 10 minutes on this. Coming to the education. We keep on criticizing education, the system of education, how education is effective in giving that employment platform to the people, to the student, right? This issue is, we are here not only criticizing the education system of Naglund. We are here criticizing the education system. Education system is entirely a problem in the whole country, right? Coming to my concern in Naglund is I teach in Bangalore and Christ University Bangalore. Prior to teaching here in Bangalore, I also taught at Data Institute of Social Sciences in Bombay. So my experiences with the students over here are different than the students that I see in my hometown back in Naglund. I feel quite worried about it. It's alarming with the given pandemic that we are going through right now. When pandemic started, we talked about unemployment, returns of migrants in Naglund, if you see the city, the city is filled with people from North East in all this service sector especially, looking out for jobs. Those are the typically an evidence of unemployment issue in the country, right? In the state, right? Coming to the curriculum, okay? I do agree that our curriculum is not designed in such a manner that our student, once they pass out or once they graduate, they get absorbed in the job market, right? The skill factor, the issues of how a student is equipped with the demand or with the need of the companies or of the corporates or of the job market, right? So here, those are the pertaining issue but with the addition of the pandemic, while we all have moved the mode of the teaching from the offline to the online now, the teaching or the education quality has been challenged, right? And this is not a very issue which we will be facing going ahead in the future, right? Many, there are a lot of research and there are a lot of debates and concern that has been put up in the media talking about, especially by the academician, how our students are gonna be received in the job market who are passed out in the year 2020, 21 and maybe 2022, right? And this issue is because the quality of education is a concern because we have received education through online mode. And when we talk about the regional disparity in this, the right to education itself was challenged, right? There are many students in the rural area, they could not access to education because of the lack of infrastructure. That's a different, there's a different debate. I'm gonna back it at the moment. My point over here is how you and I are gonna equip ourselves and because the pandemic, there's entire paradigm shift that has happened in the education mode, how we are gonna adopt with it, how we are going to get fitted or get equipped with ourselves so that we are equally capable enough to get into the job market going ahead. Companies are not willing to recruit, okay? The companies are not willing to recruit people. They are kind of uncomfortable when they find a student who have passed out in the year 2020, 21 and 22 because they doubt the education quality of the students which are in fact through online mode. We can see this with our placement in our university from this year onwards. And also we can see students who got... So generally our students get over higher studies in the foreign universities. Even they were also facing similar challenges because the Indian education system has been a big question mark when we talk about the education system in the developed nations. But here what my concern over here is I think the curriculum is of course something to revamp STEM education. We should focus, right? And also like Kipen Sir has mentioned the skill of base education, more hands-on base education, more practical education should be implemented in our entire curriculum system. My students over here, they are not only coming and attending our classes but they are also doing a lot of vocational activities like doing a MOOC courses, to going, they're enrolling themselves in the course here. We don't mentor them, okay? But they know how challenging will be once they pass out. They wanted to get fitted themselves in the job market, right? Once they face the market, they should be capable enough to get fitted in that competition. Are we people doing that? Are we students in our... So there are numerous factors on that, okay? I'm not demeaning those factors. We are from a community society, infrastructure, income, household, right? The environment where the student is brought up, the exposure, right? Of course, it does matters a lot. But here, are we even looking at in that direction, right? So in that, if we are not, then the unemployment problem that we are discussing right now, it is gonna be overwhelming going ahead, right? So that is an employment issue that the case right now, it's gonna be more worse going ahead. That's what I mean to say. Coming to the unemployment, this is now not in the very largest, larger context, coming to the unemployment typically in Naglin, okay? I had many people talking about the urbans in the Naglin has been flooded by the people coming from the rural areas where looking for a common jobs, common job has been kind of marked as its success. You are success in life if you fetch a common job for yourself. But it's not the way around over here, right? People who are average students, they get into a common job, people who are quite the IQ level is high, who are intelligent, who are smart, the students get into the giant corporate companies or they crack the civil service exams and all that, right? But in Naglin, it's not the way around. We desire only a common job. If you fetch a common job, you are successful in life. If you are self-employed, you have failed in your life. The education that you have impart so far has gone in a ways, right? So that thinking, that mentality has to be changed. Now, coming to the migration, right? My topic on migration. I'm not talking here the migration, people who have left Naglin and left the state and have started working in the other cities. I'm talking about the inter-regional migration that is happening from people coming from the, maybe from the Monde district to, I'm not particularly picking a community over here, excuse me for that. People coming from the Monde district to Kohima or people coming from Wakha to Kohima or people coming from all these small, small rural areas and towns getting it, flattening in the urban areas, looking for a job, looking for a common job, white collar jobs with the different level of education that them have impart. Of course, the quality of education that they have impart in the rural area in their villages are of course, those are beyond measurement, right? But what I'm trying to look over here is that migration is happening, we cannot stop migration. We should not see that unemployment is highly visible in the rural, in the urban area because of the, ineligible, we call that you used that word, ineligible, in a not capable people who are flattening the urban areas from the rural areas. That's why the unemployment rate has gone so high because of these people moving out from the rural to the urban area. Here, we are in a democratic country, right? We have this democratic constitution. We cannot control people moving for a job and even use from rural to urban. And we also can't question that. Why? It's because we all are first generation. I'm from a second generation, right? My father was not a director of a company, right? My father was a common employee. But when we look into that, we should keep opportunity to the first generation over here. Everyone is striving for its livelihood. So definitely they are going to move off with the rural to the urban area that should not be a concern. That should not be a factor for the reason of rising unemployment in the urban areas. We generally pick that up, okay? Here, the government plays a very important role. Institutional arrangement plays a very important role, which I do agree and I strongly agree. It's a big failure from the government in our state, right? So I'm not going to get into those political and structural failure that we have faced so far and we are facing. And I don't know how we are going to fix this, but because it has a long different lens of looking into it. What I'm trying to think of here is that the concern here is the report shared by the CMIE, the Center for the Monitoring Indian Economy, the Think Bank, okay? They have recently published in the, I think in the month of July, August, where they found that the unemployment in India is rising higher in the rural as compared to the urban because rural agriculture sector is failed. Nagaland, agriculture sector is a backbone, right? If the agriculture sector is failing, then what is the implication over here, right? The backbone of our economy in the state, if we don't, before it's too late, if we don't revisit that again, we are going to be in the big trouble going ahead. There's no sustainability in our country. We do not have, like in the cities, we have all this ID sector booming. We have all this service sector booming. The government should look into that area. The government should look into those region where those agriculture should be attractive so that the migration is not happening from the rural to urban. Migration should happen from the rural or urban people going back to rural area because of the higher income and the attractive income in the agriculture sector. So that government should, in economics, we call that as an introducing model, right? The rural people are attracted in the rural because of the higher wage. It should be a reverse over here, right? And also there is another context where I would like to talk about is also the wage-led growth, the concept of the wage-led growth. I think I'm bringing more conceptual idea over here. I'm sure I'm not boring you guys. Wage-led growth, everything is about income. We all are struggling for our livelihood, right? So be it in the rural, be it in the urban. Rural people are moving out in the urban area for its livelihood, right? It's a structure, everyone wants a progress in our life. Everyone wants higher income. So if suppose that higher income is being offered in the agriculture sector in the rural area, why not it will attract the urban people to move to the rural area and explore over there, right? Unemployment will get resolved at a certain level by itself. We don't need to retain those rural people. You guys are rural people. You live in the rural people. You don't come out of urban areas. We are not here to talk about it. And that's something very unconstitutional, right? We are not here to talk about it. We are gonna see, these people should not, they are not the legitimate, they don't have the legitimacy that we will be only in the rural area. They don't have the liability that we will be only in the rural area and take care of the agriculture sector. No, rural urban people should also be in the position to move back to the rural area. Now, for that government, it's a very important role. They should be, like I said, we are a democratic country. We cannot force people to move back to agriculture. There should be a pulling factor over here, right? The pull factor should be there, which means that we can only persuade them, okay? By bringing certain projects, the rubber board of India is doing a good job, okay? And we can only, and the agriculture marketing is booming, okay, or can agriculture market, this should have been started way back. We are late over here, but nonetheless, we are doing good, okay? So agriculture sector has to be, agriculture marketing should be focused and there should be a successful project should be implemented in the Christchurch level, not the projects borrowed from the central government. It has to be designed with a given integrity of our community-strival society, okay? Coming to the last point, I'm gonna close over here, education and employment, right? How we are gonna fix this. Have you guys popularly hear about industry and academic and industrial collaboration? Over here, many educational institution, they look forward for that, academic and industrial collaboration. This collaboration is what we are looking in our stage, right? Academic and there will be more exposure, there will be more opportunities, students are prepared themselves, how I should prepare myself, in what area I should equip myself, so that once I passed out from the college, from the university, I should be in that competition, I should be in that race, right? So it is not that, for the sake, our colleges have become a degree-printing institution, right? You just print a degree done, right? But whether you have really impart that learning outcome from that student that he can apply in his well-liked for the livelihood that we have noted. That's a very concerning institutional level of revisit is required in that. Coming to the collaboration between industrial and academics. Now, someone has mentioned in the presentation that I think, over a while, I think lately we are able to see that the entrepreneurship are being encouraged, okay? We can see how the Amazon is doing, how the courier service has increased. I think these are a very good indication to our youngsters. We have good software engineers, right? We have who have done B-Tec and computer sciences that are good in coding. We should also develop, because we have these infrastructure challenges, right? To combat these infrastructure challenges is not only within our limit, it's not within our control. It has an entire governmental administrative level of intervention is required. What I'm trying to talk about over here is we should encourage more of a SaaS company in India, a company which is based on an app, right? Take the example of, we have this food safari in India, in Nagaland, sorry, when I recently visited, as a good service, we have this courier service and it has a torsted delivery. We should also encourage more of such SaaS company which does not require a full-fledged office room to cooperate that, right? Some, we should, something like transport, the transport sector should focus. Take the example of Ola Uber, right? So all these things, I think in India, the transport sector is what we have been manipulating. And if we trigger the transport sector, it's gonna also lead to more tourism in our country, in our state, right? More tourism, hotels, hospitality, and also this, all this sector where they accelerated, right? So that means more job for us. And apart from that change of mentality, a change of perception about unemployment and the causes of unemployment, I think these are some of the booming areas which I think not only the common should, of course, common should give us the platform, but not only the common, but also the young minds like us should also look forward to bring more job opportunity not only for ourselves, but we should be also able to employ someone in those, in those businesses, right? And those ventures, economic ventures. So it has a very, of course, it leads a very long to be on that, bringing on what we should be doing, what common should be doing. I think what common should be doing is also, I think, I don't remember one of you rightly pointed out about the politicians during the time of election. Unemployment is, to some extent, government likes unemployment, okay? So we are, we keep on saying that unemployment, unemployment is an evil to the society, the government is not looking into it. Government also sometimes they want to have certain level of percentage of unemployment in the economy. We call that in the economic terms as a meat of unemployment, where when we have certain level of unemployment, in the cities, big cities like in Bombay, in Bangor, in Delhi, or in the developed nations, we will, this meat of unemployment is something which kind of benefit the corporate giants, but in England it's different. Unemployment is there, people are willing to give what to do in the time of election because I want my son to get job, even though he is a 10th robot. So if there is a higher level of unemployment, our bargaining power is less, right? We keep on telling that there should be a fair election, there should be a clean election, but how do you achieve that clean election and fair election when you have five siblings at home and five of them are unemployed, right? The parents are forced to get into that mode of election and the politicians have more bargaining power. Over here, the corporates have more bargaining power when there is a certain percentage of unemployment. In our fake home in England, when we have higher unemployment, the politicians have more bargaining power. So we tend to vote for those people who promise us a job, right? So certain level of unemployment is good for them. If the unemployment is zero in the state, which means we won't fall in the trap or we won't fall in the trap or in the campaigns of those politicians, right? So this is a very sensitive and a large point of discussion which is not only in the domain of economics, it's built over to the social, institutional and political area. I am not patching over there, but this is something for us to think about also, right? So I think I will close from here and let me stop. And if any of the judges in the room can would like to take time, then I think we can do that. I'm gonna stop here. Yeah, so I think we have, okay, I think Kippinso has something to say. So I'll keep myself muted. The moderator, can you just guide us when do we declare the results? Oh, okay. So if the respected judges are done with your time, then we can move on over to the next stage. Okay, okay. Okay, sir, Kippin, you may kindly take the time. Thank you, Ms. Ranbeni. Thank you very much. You have given all the necessary inputs of what should have been given in the first place. Anyway, I would like, once again, we want to, before we just come with the concluding remarks, right? I just wanted to bring some of my views here too. Okay, so basically when we say unemployment, if we say, what is unemployment? It is like, it is a term that is used to refer to an individual who are jobless. They, but employable. They are employable, but they're still jobless, right? And so basically, when we look into this, into the issue in Nagaland, as has been stated by the various speakers also regarding Niti Ayo, stating that Nagaland is one of the most, this thing, one of the most unemployed and one of the most also looking back, corrupted states in India. And so basically, if we look back, we will find that like, one thing that is to be blamed here is regarding the attitude of the people as many of you have suggested that. Because like, when we say attitude of the people, basically as every of the speakers have also bought this issue regarding when we say white color job, all everyone of us always think about white color job. But basically, it's not just the white color job that will give employment because obviously, even when we look into the index, when we look into the case of Nagaland, we have excess employment. Excess employment by even in the government sector also. And so basically, when we look, we will find that like the attitude of the people be, why do we're working in a private sector or in a government sector? Basically, if you look back, you will see that like, during the recent pandemic, there were so many of the Nagas which returned, those who were working outside Nagaland. And if we look into the job market here, I would say that rather I would say that if we look back, even the shops, business institutions that are run, these are run by the non-locals at the first place. So if them, then why not us? Why not we the Nagas? We also, I think it is a high time we need to retrospect, we need to look back. And also, it's not just about that. We must also respect our job. However small the job may be. We have to, and these things has to be installed at the first place. We have to respect our job, however small it is. So basically, when we say, obviously the attitude of the people also has a very important role to play. And as stated earlier, also like the skill-based courses, many the government also has to very much open up for this skill-based courses in the colleges and universities, like in the form of carpentry, in the form of like electricians, plumber, be it even cooking classes and all this baking and all this. And not only that, even if we look back, again, coming back even into the government also. The government also basically, if we look back as stated by Hitolo, very much the land ownership is one of the main problem because when we say land ownership with the Nagas, we are not giving away this thing, our land ownership to the non-locals outside of Nagaland. And so, but now the government has decided with what is known as lease system, wherein like you will find it for 100 years, 450 years, the lease system is given like that. And so even the other MNCs, multinational corporations, companies, now we see so many shops, so many distinct malls coming up, even in Demopro in Koima, basically if we look back. And so this will also open up, if there is opening up of all this, then obviously employment opportunities will also very much flow in. And so, yeah, these are some of the points which I feel that we should very much take this into consideration. And so basically I'm running, we are running out of time, so let me cut short and then I had many things to say, but still obviously time is running out. So basically I'll cut short and then I'll stop from here. Yeah, thank you. Okay, so thank you, sir, Kepin and membrane Penny. So if you, the judges are done with your evaluation, then now I give the time to the judges to for these result declarations. So you may kindly take the time. Okay, yeah, I think the judges has, all three of us has given our verdict on this. Yeah, before I declare the, we also have a space speaker from both the colleges. That's what I was informed. Okay, so we have the first and the second prize on this before I declare the result. Six of you done an excellent job. In this kind of debates, there is no first and the second, okay? Or there is no someone who have, who got first is considered to be well, academically well-equipped or well-learned. We all have done excellent job, but in any race, there is someone who has to be first and there is someone who has to be second also. So just for the formality, we are gonna declare the first and the second over here. The first, let me first declare the one who got the first and the second. So the first is, first position is Hitolo and from, I think ECC, Hitolo, Lauren, okay? From, no, it's from Tetra College, I'm sorry. I think Hitolo, Lauren is from Tetra College. Well spoken, my boy. And I can see in you as a good academic activist also going ahead, well-articulated, intellectually sound. And I think that is one of the quite assertive speech that I have heard, okay? Second one is Gilipo, okay? Gilipo from ECC, right? Gilipo from ECC, I think I'm correct, okay? Gilipo from ECC, well-constructed speech and there is a lot of, I think, ground reality that you have picked on to present your, to contest your unemployment issues, right? So I think to a larger extent, these two speakers, the both the judges have decided that Mr. Lauren from Tetra College, the first position and the second position is Gilipo from the ECC. Coming to the first speaker, I think also remains the scene. So from the Tetra College, it is not Hitolo and from the ECC, it is Gilipo. Okay, congratulations to both of you and congratulations to all the six speakers over here. Thank you. Okay, so congratulations for the winners, Mr. Hitolo and then Ms. Gilipo. And thank you for the judges as well. And now we have come to the end of our event today. So we just have one item left that is the Fort of Tanks by Ma'am Demsitula from HOD, Department of Economics. So you may kindly take the time. Thank you so much, moderator, for this time. Firstly, I, on behalf of the Department of Economics of Eastern Christian College and Tetra College, would like to offer our sincere appreciation and gratitude to all the three judges. Thank you for sparing your time and sharing your valuable feedback, which I believe has been beneficial for all of us. Also, all the students, the participants, Hitolo, Vinivhi, Shakoy, Kipibo, Kilibo and Ichi, all six of you, you did really well. Thank you for sharing your opinions and your ideas. We really respect your opinions and your ideas and we look forward to more participation from you. Finally, from a very personal basis, on a very personal basis, I would like to thank the Department of Economics of Tetra College, all your colleagues. I would like to especially mention her, Ma'am Lily Chishi. She, as a teacher, her objective has always been to develop students, regardless of whichever college they belong to. So it was a very interesting experience collaborating with you and I really look forward to collaborating with your department in the coming events as well. So thank you so much, moderator, back to you. Okay, so thank you, Ma'am Demsitula. We're a speech. So, now that we've come to the end of our session for today, so just want to wrap up the session by just simply saying thank you. First of all, to all the participants. You've all done a very lovely job and especially to those winners also. I want to congratulate once again and also to the respected judges for your time and for all your inputs as well. And lastly, I want to thank my colleagues and of course the audience for the support you who attended today's session. So with this, we will just end our session, okay? So thank you everyone. And I hope that we'll just hope that we'll get to see the future as well.