 We have two special goals. The one is we try to, from the self-help studies to some subjectivities of indigenous studies because one kind of goal indigenous studies always are done by the outsider. Right now, we encourage indigenous people. They can do it on their own. At that time, they may need some professional training to provide that discourage. The other one is focusing on indigenous cultures, language, and development. Because if we try to set up the department for courage, if we take off the culture or language, I think it's not really indigenous courage. So we always stop on the traditional way and don't think about changing from indigenous culture. It's not what we want. So we think development is very important. So at that time, we have three departments set up. We think it's the core value that indigenous cultures want. They have study base, so we can keep on researching. And we have language department. We have development department. At that time, our students, we have half indigenous and half majority students. So it's kind of an artificial environment because usually it will not happen if we allow the students to be selected by the entrance exam. So we set up half of the indigenous students. They can go through this spatial way. We can interview them, give them some tests. We choose good indigenous students for us. But for the other half majority students, they just go through the entrance exam and we find the students that are interested in these issues. Okay, so we're trying to make this as kind of safeguarding indigenous culture integrity within a national university. At that time, I designed the indigenous culture. I think it's very important to put it to a national level because it's in private level. They need a lot of governance and sponsorship. And also at that time, we don't have really enough indigenous elite. They can become our professors. So we still need some majority of professors but we give the indigenous professors priority if they are very good, of course. This current, we are trying to keep the balance between indigenous education and multi-cultural education because for the indigenous people, they think maybe the indigenous education is very important but for the majority students, they may put it in the thinking of multi-cultural education so they choose our courage to study as their majors. And at that time, we are trying to make our culture become the forever tribe. That means we will not make the tribe disappear. We hope it will be there forever. And also, we try to encourage our students to go back to serve their own tribe. So they are not like the original way people get higher education that they stay in the urban area and don't have any chance of not like to go back to the tribe. So the tribe are always in a better situation. And right now, we try to encourage more young people to go back, work for their own tribe and then we can make the tribe getting better. So in the beginning, I think we need to have as a majority person, we need to have humble attitude. So we set up our goal that we have to learn from the tribe. We have teach everything that are rooted in the tribe and we try to become a bridge between the tribe and the university. That's why we have the slogan for ever tribe or courage. So this is the, right now our courage situation in the three departments. We, as for the department of ethnic relations and cultures, because we set up earlier. So we have four corporate, we even have PhD corporate. I think it's very important because right now we have many Indigenous PhD students that are working on their own research. And I think it will be, we have influence for the Indigenous studies. As for our curriculum, we are not like only for one discipline. So we name it as interdisciplinary and we try to approach cultural issues and we hope it's related to demands in a multi-ethnic society in global and in Taiwan. So at that time, we think Indigenous education is not only for Indigenous people but also for the majority we discussed this yesterday. So we're trying to make people can participate. They can be productive and we have equal members of the society. So we have a course design. We have the foundation program for the courage and it's a kind of a requirement. At that time, I think it's very important for the students they have to take classes like introduction to Taiwan's Indigenous peoples because set up this class in a formal education is kind of a sudden beginning because usually for the part of the department we only talk about that but we don't really have a special subject to talk about. So at that time we think the students need to know the Indigenous peoples of the world so we put this as a require process. So we think culture and the part is important. Ethnic art, journalism, political science, ethnic relationship, study, skill, linguistics, ethnic language, sociology, and culture can be some kind of this process is very important. So we put this as a require process. And for the department I come from we have two groups. One is called Machai Ethnic Groups. The other is called Culture and Performance Group. We provide different courses for our students. This is written in Chinese. Basically we have our department courses and we have that two special curriculum. This is the foundation. As for the foundation courses we have basic ethnic languages. When we set up here, in the beginning people do have some debate. Some of the Chinese scholars ask me why the time people need to learn ethnic languages? Why it becomes require? Then I have to explain to them I think this is very important because for the majority of students they get the chance to learn tribal ethnic languages. It's a very essential requirement for an anthropologist if they want to do their research in ethnic areas. So I think it is no question. But at that time some people really doubt about it and we have to fight for it. Fortunately, it's safe. At that time we have some problem to hire the ethnic language teachers because they usually don't have the university background. So we have to tell them they are the only ones that can translate their languages. Professors they really know. So right now that's the problem. This is our whole program. The next department is Indigenous Language and Communication. They have the aim. They try to understand Indigenous cultural history and language then you must understand Indigenous communication theory and community social practice. What kind of program? If you are interested you may find our website. And the third one is focus on the development. At that time we think social work is also very important. So we accept development. We step up the undergraduate program of Indigenous social work because they really need social workers for Indigenous communities. And because the student can get license for it. So right now this program become the most popular program. Of course it's many design. I think if you are interested you can find more. So right now introducing my research is between 2013 and 2015. It's an integrated research program. We name it Tribe Basis Indigenous Health Education. I think you do it. I don't need to explain more how important it is. So at that time we have two basic goals. We try to draw important implications for Indigenous health education. We are trying to compel education, invest in social strategies and exploring community development and social welfare services. So we have four professors, basic development, anthropology, sociology and social work disciplines. This is a kind of cooperative strategy between the tribe and the courage Indigenous studies in Taiwan. At that time we set up our cooperation like people want to go into the tribe to study. Right now most of the tribes have only elders and children. They have some difficulty facing what we try to understand their needs. Then we try to empower them. So we have people like me from the education program. We have some people from social work, some people from the tool industry. We try to empower them. Our goal is to try to get local practices that can keep the culture resilient. I think that's very important, especially my expertise in education. Because as for the cultural transmission in the tribe, they usually have their own way, by family or by tribe. But after the school is introduced into the tribe, the mother or the father, they don't think they can teach their children or the tribal elders. They cannot speak Mandarin, so they think they cannot teach their children. So they lose their function. They all depend on the school training, but the school teachers compare to us. They are not 7-eleven. They cannot be responsible for everything after the student leaves the school. So I think we should try to make this function, get the resilience and put in these details, so we can do something more right now. As for the bridge role, university and the tribe are separated by different languages, and I think you understand that. In order to transmit indigenous cultures and develop indigenous society, this marriage has to build a bridge between the university system and the indigenous tradition. It's very important because they are found for a long time. How to do it? So we have a group who discuss it. We went to Hawaii University to talk to professors over there. We have a paper presented for education in Hawaii. Now I'll introduce my own research about how I do it for the cost design and community participation. The university and the tribe are separated by different knowledge. In order to transmit indigenous cultures and develop indigenous societies, the courage has to build the bridge. It's important as the bridge. It is through the cost design that to attend indigenous community activities can explore to a deeper understanding about the needs of the tribe and to design the cost activities together. So for the first year, we undertook a field study and attended a cost amount of people of an indigenous tribe near the campus. The second year, we designed a service learning class for the tribal elders and children. Currently students join the senior care activities in the tribe or the learning services for middle school and elementary school which are located nearby. Furthermore, we have brought the university courses to the tribe so that students can learn the lesson from the elders directly and attend the community activities. We also invited the tribal elite and experienced educators to give speech. So my research method is kind of interview, participation, panel discussion, class attendance, and questions. This is the tribe I chose. It's nearby my campus. By driving home, it takes five minutes for people to envy me. And my students are easy to assist there. This is the image from the church. The army is called Uina Ha. First of all, we need to get their permission. So my group interviewed the head of the village, got her permission. Then we explained the villages in the church. On Sunday, they told us what we are doing and introducing them. Basically, they all feel welcome, but they don't know what they can do for us. So it's the beginning. I talked to the other leaders to get their permission. So after the permission, we bring students to the Uina Ha tribe so students can attend both activities and provide services for them. This is a 91-year-old MSL. When I bring my students, this is the purpose of the Dongzhai University to attend a field class. He asked me the questions because he thinks I don't have a big one about the army's tribe. So he asked me in front of my students, do you know the region where we are from? Do you know the army's history? He gave me a lot of tests. Finally, I passed. He said, OK, I'm qualified to ask him questions. He told me in the beginning, after he started speaking, he said, finally you're here. I've been waiting for you for a long time. Why did he ask me that? Finally, I understand why. I keep asking him a lot of questions, but he's very careful. He said, I need to ask my ancestor, because before I answer you, I say, how can he ask his ancestors? He said, OK, you can ask. Because I always keep asking him very smart questions, because maybe it's a secret, or it's a secret to the wisdom. He needs to get permission. So I'm just very nervous. He insists to say no, then my student cannot learn anything. And I have guests over there. Fortunately, everything is fine. After they answer back to me, we make the meeting very smoothly. But when I talk about this story, I think it's important, because we don't need to think we have the right to ask them about their culture, their wisdom, unless you answer us. I think it's very important. He gave me very good presents. Of course, I transferred to my student and other scholars. I am not here, that means my student will visit the elders, visit the singing group, dance group with the village head. He explained everything. Because half of my students, they can talk to them directly. So they have very nice gathering. They look happy. I'm not there to see. I don't need to be there. Then I come back, discuss with my student. I'm a student from Mellon China. She wrote a very good paper after class. I feel very happy. The other student explained to this student, she said, Professor, I learned from you about knowledge, but I learned from the elders about wisdom. Really inspiring. That's why I have continuous research. I invited Sakilaya to my class. After his lecture, one of my students came to me and said thank you to him. He said thank you because he thinks it's his kind of honor. I invited his elder to come to my class. He said thank you to me. Oh, thank you. I think what I'm doing is very nice. I should keep on doing it. This is another lecture. We saw this film yesterday. The tribal leaders, they spread out. Before I provide a service to them, we need to know their need. We are not just from the tribe. They say I'm providing service. They come here. I think it's not right. We have to ask what they need us to do. I interviewed them. They told them they need we help them to do the tribal cultural transmission. They need early care for the senior and they need learning assistance for the children. They need professional assistance for the tribal organizations because they don't know how to type in how to transmit their data so they can apply for more budget for their foundations. And they hope they hope we can help them to develop the tool industry for Rui Dan Hachua because it's made by Sakilaya and it's the best in places. For the elders, indigenous knowledge should be applied to social work studies for elders in Taiwan. Elders are bearers of their distance but the situation is unfortunately outside and usually use their own way and outside resources to serve and be able to talk to elders so I took a few words here and find something new. Join the regular social work service because they feel they are uncomfortable. They are usually treated as a dependent person and lose their dignity. So they prefer to talk in the tree, not in tree. Under the tree they can have their own social activities they don't want to go to the service because they think they are treated as a tree. They are not. They get more respect. So I have some questions. What are the gaps between the traditional and the new service for elders and how can we bridge this? Of course I have to learn from them. So we observe funding social service regularly and I interview the elders when we come here and the funding activities with the traditional roles which the elders usually participate in. So this is the idea which I think is very precious for me. This elder is doing some tours for children for children to pray and the lady can talk to them. She can make a very good traditional custom even the Japanese people, I asked her why she designed the way which she said I thought for a long time I think it's crazy so I do it then she cannot explain more but I know she is the original creator. Okay. Then I have good interview with the helper and the volunteer over there to see how we can do together and interview the people who she is doing some sort of meals. So I have some observation I'm exploring the age detail center and when the tribe has some activities they have this festival, fishing festival and family reaches they invite me of course I come and I try to construct the supporting model. This is the schedule before their daily care activities. The elders people they use the wine to worship the ancestors I think it's not what we high people think about fake health center people just going they think it's a spiritual thing so it's not a daily life not only daily life but if you look at the project and watch feed what they are doing. See all the old ladies they are doing some basic hand walking and the volunteer at home they need to move their hands to keep their walking but after that I think we can do something for these older people you saw this festival yesterday why I showed this to you because it's heavy rain and people still keep on dancing for whole day they have their grid on the ground there in the afternoon they keep on they are walking this is also interesting because I interviewed the head over there he told me he want to do this for their people at that time right now this is their need they need to make the head for the festival after I interviewed more person I found again because after the historical event they are one of they will try they cannot bring their doubt or their dirty things because they have to walk away in the midnight so they can build those beautiful things they they need this again because they think when they put this on they look very nice okay this is fishing this is the they are political person because they like to count so they can get some political support this is the family count seven now I am talking about the service learning for my classes there are three classes one is elementary school the other is in the senior high school the other one is elder curing services we print together because I emphasize I am not doing everything for the day to print with us so we need to fit their needs and I give my student choices they can choose so many choices but unfortunately most of my students choose to help choose not elders so only a few students go there but anyway it is still a function but I think they make more design for the group service project I think it is very creative because my students are also very creative I tell you later what they have done really surprising then after that I bring a class report thinking what we are doing so first of all I talk to the principal and the major director what they need us to do and they are very serious they ask their teachers what we can do for them they do questionnaire to go to the school so you see we have four university students five children and this student ask me because I say you can arrange cost design I don't have any limitation I want to do some scientific experiment for students because it is never happening in my mind because of my students so they prepare I say you can I can pay later I think they don't really care the students they take care of these things they pray the ball with the children they cut the glasses for this university I don't know this school and after that we have class report and the student when he should report that people other students didn't go to this place because they can eat I mean food we cannot get it outside so we have it and also they give us many good suggestions I should take the self-study into the college level not only for the class level choose if they need help from the sport department we should connect I wrote paper with the professors over there but they are not really interested so it's not function yet I think it's good and this is for the middle high school principal and the director and I think it's good communication because in the beginning we were recruiting the students they don't have good grades so I said don't say that some people they like to improve their academic achievement because you are bad so we assist you this is not the right way to sell so we have some communication and my students surprised me because they contact with the school by themselves and the principal even show that welcome our group to visit so I don't really know but they did it by themselves and we called them and they are really helpful because they think that those students they are not really bad students they don't get good academic achievement so one of the students say her students say if you give me children then I can remember 20 English words next time he is English very nervous with what kind of children maybe she cannot afford it many students it's not so expensive she prepared for the students the students have very many words even half of the book other students I like to get the candies too she prepared a lot of candies they learn a lot of English words after that she finished the help those students they need university students to grow with them they are not really teaching they care about learning it's very helpful and one of my students because he thought those students cannot get into colleges I should ask them what they want to become I want to become some kind of professional work he asked us do you know what kind of education they must choose find the information before you get into this project you need to do something and the students will help to have his own career plan so university students can do a lot of things compared to the only singing and dancing they can do more things about that they are also happy to do that they complain to me because the schedule is too short they don't have the time to say good bye to the students so I give them special time not showing up in my class but go to the school say good bye to the students they also inspire me how to do this and I do that this is for the senior students they have birthday celebrations because they are traveling this is the chicken in my garden they have vegetables early morning they still have some young people 60 years old they take time to cook it this is also amazing because usually we have founded service all the lunch box we need to take out the money but they can serve their own they will get better food so we should not think they are relying on the person they can so many questions they can help them then I ask the question how do you think about this service my students basically these two because they are opposite of the questions I am not interested in local culture it's useless the other things I can make friends it's good for my responsibility good for the participants all of these are evaluated by students the results show that students do appreciate this arrangement and expect to learn more and try presentation I talked to Elders before the presentation it's in the light this lady even will Pajamas to come she has to go on herself in late night so I really worry about because they want to show up and they are happy we can get together this time get more people unfortunately most of them people because we are we think the culture is very important so they think they should learn more about the traditional songs they can do as well they encourage their people we should do more because right now Pajamas is against us so I think we give a positive feedback from it this woman right now become representative for the community she is no more the head of the bridge become more important and she also show up and encourage people so my fun is for the service we have KTV singing but it's not better than tradition together and they can sing together dance together for the KTV they just look at the monitor and sing the songs but other people is really sad because they can do much better they prefer to eat dance and sing with their friends not just KTV and for them getting together is important because all the people they are their acquaintance for more than 50 years even they are alone in their house but they have their sisters around their house so they feel very comfortable even they cannot very smoothly but they try to go to that service regularly because they think getting together is very important we have some activities like folding papers and I think it's not necessary because they can fold the leaves for their dishes they can do much more and they can make traditional clothes they can do a lot they can walk together to make the traditional hats and clothes for the traditional festivals and they can teach the youths about their own languages and tribal history which has not been record and college students can learn a lot from service learning activities including company the elders in the tribe and youths in school even the elder people they compete with each other so they are very serious so sometimes they get unhappy and my students don't know how to help so they think how to company the elders we need wisdom traditionally there are others on wisdom and enjoy the respect the same age groups have very strong interpersonal connection and they can exchange values with each other so they perform richer respect to their spirits before each social activities this study has begun the importance of build long-term relationship we have found that not only in tribe peoples but also students should be included which mutual interest and enjoying friends creating a good working environment for both the university and the tribe so I have some suggestions that we need to design social services for the elders that are fit for the women social workers should learn indigenous knowledge and use the tribal existing resources to serve the elders in the tribe the elders need to be so not to be so passive in waiting for social services they can be more active in solving tribal problems by teaching indigenous knowledge the elders in the tribe are living treasures so we need to record their life stories and learn from their indigenous as soon as possible so I am responsible for the question in 1996 how do culture and universities best prepare students for common citizenship in a diverse democratic state while also nurturing group cultural values and institutional participation so we need in-depth knowledge about the tribe and build supportive and open communication in between teachers and students become culturally responsive during the process of action study the tribe gets the power of resilience from the communication process so we need to run together and at that time I have a dream I do something good for this tribe and we can connect together we can do more tribe and we can better future at all this is me with the elder people but this is also me when I am 18 years old look at the house this never happened because it is a kid I am young at the time but right now I am this way but I think I miss that I don't think I am taught to behind people because the influence me so my personality is kind of nice we have ample time for questions and discussion now but just one thing that I was thinking of during your talk was that what is the function of the university in different societies the function of the university in a place like London is clearly very different than the functions of the university as you were describing and that made me think that surely the various tribes represent many different types of societies some of them are huge you mentioned the albis with 200,000 people others that are significantly smaller a few hundred people and I wonder if if you could talk about what would be the different function of the university in these different tribal contexts I imagine that the role that a university does or could play with the role that indigenous students with elite education could play in a very tiny population is quite different I would imagine than what the roles of a university in the population of 200,000 people that have a much more diverse perhaps demographic and in a different culture so basically my question is you often refer to the tribe and what the university is trying to do different tribes have different needs for different types of university engagement and if you could talk about that the first question is why the nation of the university are chosen to set up the indigenous tribe two years ago anyway because at that time we are chosen because of the tribes and why we are the second so of course the tribal people are looking forward even if they give some credit for the political person so we got some support for that and for academic reason I would like to say that was a research and why I don't know why I would do this and because this is a very important place to do fieldwork for mental health so so as a university we are trying to connect with the local communities kind of government goal they try to give us some financial support in progress to do that and in my university not in Paris during the the other time we are connecting so the university is not only the places we are teaching foreign cultures also which connect to our local cultures and also provide some service so that's why I design my surface learning class and I don't want to go to the fieldwork and I get things from the local people I want to get feedback but the feedback is not like oh I need to paint you in the wall I paint for you but after you paint it's not that good you know so I ask them what we need when I design when I design this community stand so I give them what they need to take and after I have reported I try to communicate because they put on research buttons so they can I can get encouragement and also they can tell me they are mean that's why I ask them we need to do more things if I can get a project for the next two years I'm still working on this it's a long term relationship I think people need to trust you at that time because all universities take it there so I always know the tribal people I will not disappear you can always find me so I'm responsible not like some scholars there from outside they will disappear we will not we will always be so benefit so as for your second question like other universities if they are connected to students and tribal people they can do different things like we can they have the idea will be different tribal people and should we use the students organization to do a lot of tribal students so we all make a decision on other because they are serving the tribe near by the Gaussian area they have a private group they have a different design as for my current because all students basically are from 16 or 14 tribes so we can provide things but as what you say if they are very small tribes like people or usually it's very difficult to hire the ethnic teacher to teach them their own language so until now we cannot set up the ethnic language classes for those students but because we have some invitation if we open a class we need to have the students at least maybe 10 but we cannot find 10 people from the small group so that's why we try to get more support from the council of indigenous people maybe they can get a special fund they already found us but we can only open the language courses for the big group I think it's our witness thank you questions welcome to the floor anyone thank you thank you very much very well professor we'll thank you so much for two days talk because we can see clearly what you are doing in Hali area and for armies not for armies about armies and especially their education so I have two questions relating to what you said today the first one is a small one I noticed quite a lot of the visual you show women are doing some sort of old ladies are doing some exercises regarding their hands they are only men men were usually still busy with rituals so it's quite a very clear gender division there you talk a little bit about this another thing is I noticed this your focus this talk on social work services at first I thought what's that I realized that now you mainly meant about right you mainly meant the services provided to the elderly for something like that so what's the difference for indigenous elderly to those offered to the Han people for example another thing because when you're talking about seemingly actually it's commonly felt by elderly people being treated like children or you know idiots so I think there must be some sort of difference specifically offered for the indigenous elderly that are different from the Han people or whichever group so that also lead to another thing is what are the answers for your research to better the social services for them thank you for the first question I think picking beans or folding papers is not only for women because maybe the picture you only see the women, the other side they are men but most of them are women and maybe women be wrong but I haven't done the statistics there over there but they do have gender division just like I told you I cannot join some activities so I have to you hire my assistant to do that and in the beginning they say because you are proficient of course you will come because you are forbidden so I better don't break it so I said don't break your rule because of me so I hire my assistant to do that you know I asked the chief why but he cannot answer me he said my parents tell me so I have to find I have to answer that by myself after I have done free research but the second question is any difference if they are like a Haka elder people they may have different social service I think for the social workers they design the activities for the elders they may have some basic guidelines they think it's good for the elder people but the ethnic difference is important so that's why I find out it's not really daily life activities they also belong to the spirit world because for the indigenous knowledge we cannot disconnect their connection with spirit world but you know because for them they are together but maybe for our knowledge system we think secret is secret but they are different school life is different from family life but maybe they are integrated so and they thought about their ancestors like the chief before their activities he told me he always prayed with wine to their ancestors and asked if anything goes better I think maybe it's a coincidence but every time they are going to have important events and notice if they have the like last time they have the fishing festival and morning still heavy raining I feel very sorry for that but after the sun come out sunrise then they can have everything happily and last time they have the bird catching festival they went after we finish then I don't know but the chief he prayed every morning go because he thinks that his response was pretty to have to connect with the switch that's why I think we should not transmit our knowledge without the spirit domain because it's we should not to disconnect them from deduced activities that's why when I ask a question I have to ask my ancestors if they say yes then I can answer I don't respect that thing because it's different do I answer everything? for the different group I really don't do any comparison by coincidence I watched one social service in the community center I noticed the first is the location they did much better and I asked the people why because they said we have some mail he used to send that places so it's better so I mean they are doing some physical training I think they have a better coach but I don't really do the comparison yet but I think the indigenous elders they need their own way because if we use kaka's way or Tan's way they don't really feel happy that they think if they can get a gossip under the tree they are very happy and because some people walk by they have their social justice functions for the other people we know that because we think social services go to there and do some physical eat and go home keep your health but it's not what they want or they still have some other needs like spiritual needs their older friends connection they connect to the game unfortunately I notice some people they don't really understand that so they provide service for that community I remember that's my assistant who made they go to the community center gathering all the elder people like I did but they talk to them in Taiwanese because they don't know they are the elders most of them understand Taiwanese then they tell them this is kind of four outside grasses we have to cut it so they teach the weaponers this tree this plant is not good it's dangerous we cut it then they bring it to the garden we cut it together when I heard that I just feel too bad because nobody can know that her plants are better than these elders because even they are 18, 90 years old they still do new garden work every day of course they know what is for rent and some of them they cannot bend themselves then they ask them to do the practice and I still talk then they come back to the center they give the question and ask them to fill out my students just one person say I fill out first then everybody file it then that's the value of this question so that's why other disciplines they need to not learn Indigenous culture before they provide what they say education for them next question Nafi I have come up with a lot of questions in Italy we often talk about how strong the field is if you feel growing or is it in decline so you have been involved in Indigenous studies in Taiwan for well over 20 years how would you be valuing the state of the field the mood of the field is it growing or is it in a kind of crisis you talked about a couple of other places that do Indigenous studies you mentioned Yixiao Daxue and Chinat Daxue how does their development compare to yours in Taiwan so that was one question about the the mood of the field and the other issue I was curious about is that you said you were encouraging your graduates to stay in the tribes rather than go into the big cities their career after 20 years how successful have you been in doing that the first one for the population growth what kind of population Indigenous studies in Yixiao Daxue is it growing of course it's growing regularly I started to do the Indigenous education 25 years ago at that time I tried to do the literature review I checked all the library records there is no this kind of classification it's a list under the special education only a few books so at that time it's very easy for me to do literature review I finished it quickly and right now if you open the computer type the keywords many of them and in the beginning only a few from the enterprise department but right now all the disciplines they can join and we have a lot of I cannot tell you how many because I need to check it later but it's totally different it's become a very important item for the library to recognize Indigenous education so you see the differences and what's the second one this is about do your graduates really stay in the tribe? okay, we have to divide it as a college graduate or a graduate student but most of my graduates they are current Indigenous schools teacher so they come back and they can use their knowledge and skill to help that so for me my graduate students never have the problem to find a job because they are already in a good position they know what they are doing they can do better I think that's important for the undergraduate because we have some special test if they pass they can become I think I always hear he can explain more they can become the ministry president for working for the government and right now when I go to the council of Indigenous peoples when I walk into the hall everybody say hi professors most of them are my students I feel very happy to 20 years you know so many people growth they get good position but while some of them become our faculty members two of my students are faculty we are also in the same university so I see the result but if you want to know the statistics I need to check the questions are how about Roy and Suzanne before the talk I'm just curious about how does the long-term care insurance in Taiwan function in this like bridge and the social works for the elderly well we are not saying students because they are still young they are older people and how does it work in this corporation thank you just like my student told me they have difficulty because they don't really understand elder's needs especially if they are from Han group they don't understand any people for the elder people they really appreciate that the young people come we need a new blood if you are happy they can feel they are young so they are very serious to treat whatever they invite them to do together but my student need to increase their skills that's what they told me in the next year I have the other service learning classes one of my students she is from Amis tribe and she chose to serve for the elders it's much easier because she can speak at least and all the elders people just feel she is like a daughter and she knows how to lead these elders to do physical activities and how to sing together dance together and after that I asked her why she said I always do this in the church she already knows and I asked her why you choose this she said I just use the way I serve my grandfather or grandmother so it's much easier if the students are indigenous people this way and this is the topic I have a question hello good morning and thank you so much for your presentation I've been thinking a lot about indigenous education in the united states one of the things that comes up a lot is about colonialism and decolonizing and I haven't heard much discussion here about your program but it's something that we use phrase such as the settler groups and what needs to happen and I don't know if this is a discussion in time on or not in the united states there is very strong within the university saying we need to decolonize and what are the economic, what are the land consequences what are the consequences in the indigenous peoples and I'm just sort of wondering how you have that conversation in Taiwan, thank you actually my university provides many courses about decolonization like generations we have a lot of these courses provided there and for my research I'm writing a new project right now I have to turn it in before this month so I do use decolonization I use the Americans research funding state it's very important so I use the new way culture, sustaining revitalization pedagogy to do what I can do for next project I think it's important but right now we only have finished that cultural responsive teaching but I think it's enough we have to move beyond so for my next project hopefully in the past I will do more about this, thank you I want to previous question about how secure and because as I know a lot of indigenous people in Taiwan choose to be nurse so I want to understand how your program can be involved more indigenous people who have a more nursing certificate or background to service their own community yesterday I showed a picture I interviewed the Chi Chi they are training indigenous nurses it's the most important places over there because the Chi Chi foundation provide them scholarships and provide them a job because they have their own hospital so they are recruiting a lot of indigenous girls they are training to become good nurse and the director told me they are teaching they are making a dictionary so they can use armies all kinds of language which is about medical words they can use that so we can shorten the gap between the hospital and the tribal people additional questions thank you so much I forgot to say all our work over the two decades time dedication to the indigenous community is really amazing I got another question if I may if I can find it you mentioned one particular in passing one Chinese student wrote an essay about the visit and actually published it no published just a good paper so my question I suppose you have some Chinese exchange students what are their views on the Taiwanese indigenous policy and your dedication in the community so you know what's their idea about Taiwanese indigenous people I think I can use the Zhongshan University in Shenzhou because she is in the picture with us in the classes because after she with me the whole day I asked my assistant to interview because I can interview her it's too embarrassing and she said a lot of good things about what I am doing she think as an anthropologist in Mellon China maybe they didn't do so much in Mellon China she introduced me to other purposes what I am doing they don't think it's very interesting and inspiring they hope they can do the same thing and she thought the elder people really have a lot of work they need to talk to the young people just like the people say I have been waiting for you for a long time after I passed exam so I think I got encouragement but I don't know will they do the same thing or not but at least a PhD student she told me she is from the Zhang group she already know which Zhang people she would invite to go to her classes so I think what we are doing maybe we think it's not just strange it's not inspiring it's just very common but for Mellon Chinese people they think they can do it so I think if we can influence them then it's good for the minority education of course I would like to exchange my ideas with them all a studio from another field I'm starting off this week I also took courses about anthropology and study about the indigenous tribes from my undergraduate and until now from my thesis speaking about the colonizing and decolonization this is what the topic I'm starting about because for museums right now they are collecting objects that is greatly that was collected during the colonizing era so that makes me really interesting about this study about indigenous how the tribes they take those objects what is their view of the objects taking back to the tribe because they're mostly taken by the Japanese archaeologists or the archaeologists that is during that time they're kind of thinking to rescue all the objects and exchanging all the kind of food clothes during that era so I was really interesting about what is your view as a part of this tribe and how do you take this like how about the other people how they think about those objects if they can come back to the tribe and educate more to their children yeah I think the indigenous young people right now if they get inspired about the colonization or the indigenous subjectivities they can create a lot of new way to prove it like Zifu I just mentioned yesterday he opened summer school for the people they want to learn army's culture and he says we should learn it by seasons not by academic years because the harvest festival should not happen in the summer town I hope my student can join but nobody in the summer town so I can never do it so he has that kind of school it's really just follow their original season activities so we can get their real spiritual not right now usually harvest festival should not happen in the summer it should be in autumn but right now because the tourist because our summer vacation so we move to that town so we can not go back to their original design but he tried to come back to their original faces and fit for what the modern people need and I think he will do that I saw that his idea from the radio what he is doing is what I want to do so that's why I like education once students are students they can do much better than we thought I have a question I was kind of linking to my earlier question I was trying to think what was the comparative field to indigenous studies in Taiwan maybe hacker studies so in your view how does the development of indigenous studies compare with hacker studies is the field developed in a similar way in a different way has indigenous studies looked at different disciplines to create depth and for example hacker studies as for the hacker studies we have many hacker colleges in the UNESCO right now I remember at that time they set up their program they invited me to become the chairperson for them because they think I can do the same thing since I am not indigenous people I can do things for hacker studies but I reject because I think indigenous people need more that's what I think maybe they don't really need me and at that time I think half the people have more resources that's totally different because indigenous people for us they are kind of really minority people they don't have so many we call cultural capital but half the people educated a lot of big industries bosses they are hacker people so they easy to get the money they can know how to do things quickly so if I don't really do the comparison but if we compare the TV program we have HACA channel and indigenous channel compare that you can see very different they have they grow rapidly because we have global hacking so they have global hacking studies and they come by all the international resources totally different from indigenous studies so that's why I prefer to stay in the indigenous area one of the things that struck me is in terms of international towel studies indigenous studies seem to be awesome so in terms of international towel studies it seems that indigenous topics are much more visible than hacker studies despite the fact that you suggested that hacker studies have much more resources I'm not sure why that is any colleagues want to comment on that we have to divide it if you think about research results or documents or academies studies because they have epistry hacker colleges so they encourage their professors to do research and they got budget so compare at that time have only one card so I just think maybe they get better but I need to do more study before I answer this I just get my impression they get more resources if we have what did your research do you think is the most important factor to sustain the indigenous cultural identity do you have education and compare with your research do you can provide some other research but also focus on the same research issue but provide some strategy with that for the cultural identity I think most of my students if they get identity and they will get better performance but right now I don't really have the statistic data can support that but we have some literature to review from some indigenous speech issues they wrote papers they have conclusion about high school indigenous students and they have some research to show that if they got inspired by indigenous identity they get a better performance but for the undergraduate students I haven't done the quantitative studies maybe next time I should do something but for inter-process I just indulge in qualitative studies I enjoy the connection with tribal peoples maybe before I ask a question there it's better I just show up maybe it's beautiful outside the point of view to design the question here I don't like that so I think I have time to design a better way to find out the relationships I thought I'd hop in with the question myself now and it comes out sort of my thinking about the long tortured history of anthropologists with indigenous performance and I'm wondering in some of the videos you showed there seem to be moments of performance of indigenous rather than some sort of organic indigenous and there is perhaps no distinction there anyway but I'm wondering if in your studies or your students for example two things I noticed in one of the pictures of the teenage boys dancing that our eyes focus naturally on the outfits that they are wearing which presumably symbolize something which I don't know but I also couldn't help and I imagine that in your university what you talk about are the outfits and what's communicated by them and the rituals and so forth I love noticing that they are all wearing sneakers made by different famous portraits, brands there was a tobacco a row of Nikes and then the front row was mostly Adidas with a new balance thrown in and some Nikes and one person was there I did not notice that interesting which left me perhaps incorrectly the impression that the local teenager said ok it's 10 o'clock now we are going to do put on our our indigenous uniforms and perform for all the people there taking pictures of them for example and then after we were going to play football in our Adidas and Nikes even if that were the case you couldn't denigrate that in a new way it doesn't become less indigenous or what have you but my sense would be that this sort of ironic distance I don't get the sense that this sort of discussion happens in your teachings and the other moment that occurred to me was the elder who said that he can't answer your question until he consults with his ancestors and then he comes to the back room and he says the ancestors said ok go ahead so it occurs to me maybe I'm overly cynical maybe he was consulting with his ancestors right in all sincerity and interacting with you in all sincerity or maybe he was performing in front of you the local anthropologist to whom he can gain something from in different ways so he conformed that now he's and again that possibility is at least there and I wouldn't knock him for doing it but the potential for irony the potential for you go there in all sincerity where your students do and learn what is presented to you and that's what the education consists of I'm just wondering does the possibility of manipulation by informants the possibility of set performance pieces you know no matter what indigenous dancing did not take place historically with a white car sort of navigating around them right behind and so that just but I'm not sure I don't get the sense that this kind of dynamic is presented as indigenous education so that's sort of my constellation of questions you're mentioning about that elder people when they can try to consult with the ancestors to what they do we have a famous anthropologist story that's happened to the American indigenous people when the anthropologists go into their applet ask them questions I have to ask some people then they can go to Becdo and the people are waiting they are the elder people inside and then they come out to say all the answers and then finally hit the anthropologist I need to know who is behind them behind the anthropology book it's written down by anthropologists that's why I feel very dangerous because maybe the anthropologists Japanese anthropologists or Han anthropologists they break up something but it's not really true because Japanese they may get some data because during the Korean period of time it's easy for them of course to have an effort to get the data but I heard some indigenous people say these people can't ask a lot of questions so we won't prepare the same answers so they will not ask more so I really doubt what they record about so if they are consulting with anthropologists it's in danger but it's really happened because my Japanese scholar Shinichi-san she did her PhD discussion about Gawalan languages and she told me because her book has been translated into Chinese so some people ask Gawalan people about their history I hope I have to ask them to come out and answer it well well well so that's why we need a deep long-term research then we can find the real story but don't authorize anthropologists because they may be wrong I had a question about politics I noticed in some of the videos it looked like in the background there was politicians politicians uniform did you have any problems delivering your kind of programs with local politicians were they supportive or ambitious of what you were doing actually I try to avoid being independent but when I attend some of their festivals I usually meet the same political person over there because it's also important situation, vocations to be there they provide gifts, prizes for the competition for all the activities so they can win their heart but I try to avoid their influence to me so I don't really get involved with political activities and as for what you think about the young people what they did because we saw from the film you see the big crown hood the chief told me it's designed by the young people because the young people I already told you the importance for them especially for elder people but the young people they think they notice the importance so they the chief told me last year they decided to design it by themselves most of the young people they are workers for this kind of performance company so they have all the skills so they design and do so you can see different lighting or something like that some people learn quickly and they have all the skills so they create something and the chief feel very happy he said this year they do more things I observed this people maybe 4 years this year I still want to do the record because I can see the changes different like I told you yesterday that the women they didn't perform anymore because maybe they are too old I don't really know the reason and I show the thing to the tribal people there they don't feel satisfied they say I only report something superficially so I need to emphasize the transmission especially they finish the age group jump into the other their mother put the crown on them they feel very proud of their sons and then asked me to video it this year so I have to do some family video record it I think after I started I found more so I cannot stop it that's why I have done it for 6 years and I am waiting for the other 3 years I can answer more questions if you have any questions for me and give you good answer because in the beginning I recorded festival I think it's interesting maybe it's good for teaching materials but then I need to know more that's what we call it's about to work I enjoy it I think they are living and changing and creating people we are interactive with the global events that's also very interesting because you may know most age tribes they name their name by the social events that if we go into the moon they may have the the age group named Armstrong something like that so it's not what we think the frozen they follow the tradition actually they have their own creative way so it's also part of important things I have to keep on working on them thank you more questions thank you guys first two more questions I noticed one of the course is called introductions to to the indigenous peoples of the world can you explain a little bit about it's fascinating what is it about that's the question the question is really about your students because you said we also mentioned probably at best half of your students are indigenous peoples so most of the time you mentioned about the students serving in the tribes are indigenous peoples what about those other half of the Han Chinese students what happened to them have they also dedicated in somewhere or another in this area thank you the first question about world indigenous peoples introduction it's a talk about basically American Canada, Australian, New Zealand so the professors will introduce these four areas their indigenous studies yeah the second question is the Han students what they are doing and the first semester I invited the students from the culture of business so most of them are Han people they don't really know indigenous peoples so when they do the service they feel very interesting and they can learn something new and they even have their own design because they are trained to be a manager later then all we have to do this they give me very nice work schedule compared to the next semester that I work with my own student in my department they are different because they are more active people and they know the people better so they can it's very easy to get along with other people and they know how to talk and deal with the students what I mentioned about my students half of them are indigenous half of them are Han students they also enjoy it because they stress about the career training from the Han students so at that time I don't think Han or Nan times is related they just want to do things better and get good efforts one more question but it also kind of combined I can't answer that it also combines Daphite and Adam's question at the same time it's political and also what Adam was mentioning was about the observer of paradox in my experiences the government also sent workers like the official workers to participate the local activities in the terms of indigenous people what they are doing and they have to report back to the government and taking photos or filming like that and how did the people think about that kind of feeling are they reluctant or it's totally fine because at the same time they felt they were filmed by the people and so it's also like kind of lost it but I understand or I can't explain because it's too complicated the question involves so when indigenous people the government would often come and send observers who record it and communicate what's going on back to government superiors in Taipei and the indigenous people are aware that they are being filmed and that they are aware that they are doing this in the presence of higher political authorities and that how does this enter into consideration your academic consideration your students consideration in any way I think it's cultural affair of course it's related to politics even I'm funding all government money but I don't really answer for any political reasons in the beginning I spent a lot of time to talk with the elders and their dog keepers and try to get their trust because if I cannot get their trust they may not give me the right answer so it's taking me a long time I'm kind of easier to get trust because my university is close by this place so for me I don't think it's a political activities but as for the film I think this time I talk don't show that in the YouTube because I need to get so I really I'm really curious because I think I should respect that but for one time speech I think it's okay especially for academic reasons for educational reasons I think we have to be very careful about that we have to respect all kinds of their right to overuse it that's why yesterday I showed you I gave them back all my pictures so they can use it freely I don't think you meant that don't worry it's not a business to work here it's more to do this what about them thinking about them more official of them so it's not really about your filming well I think just like I said the head of the region tell their person because the professors come and do the research we have to show our best but we are too loosely so we have to learn seriously so we can make better effort so they encourage your people of course they encourage me to come back because they say oh it's not enough you only see the superficial if you want to show to your students please show this that's what they told me so I have to do that you know how this festival it's a social profession I always told people what should I have their festival I only think of seeing, dating and drinking it's not true we have education function we can see their culture I can say a lot of things but for them it's not enough because I have to do some family work I find other issues so the festival is not only what we have seen for the tourists they have preparation after that they have some techniques behaviors and they prepare for the next year and how they integrate whole tribes and co-operate by the age group it's also the spirit how they united each other to lose and they will not come back again unfortunately this tribe they are still very strong because before I find this tribe I actually I go to another tribe their festival for me is almost superficial for tourists only but this tribe because I think they still have their traditional spirit so I choose them as my field side most of them disappear their tradition we have introduced that commentator thank you for giving me a chance one thing because you just mentioned like the use design the crown professor soon mentioned the use try to create their own cultural space instead of the traditional one due to some gender issue so I'm thinking of like in 2015 there is a policy from central government called co-operate the use and other ways to have some new business a kind of social enterprise this policy started in 2015 so it's already like three years past so in your observation in your recording if some this kind of business model happened in village happened in just a policy in central government that's what I have found from my research they need our help about the tourist industry but it's out of my profession so I didn't really deal with it so sorry I cannot answer that question but as for my position this does some business that they get funding but usually if they get fund anymore they may disappear so that's why we all emphasize they have to do it by their own therefore money after money is used nobody want to learn it this is not successful related talks before the summer school about indigenous issues and one of the students although it's in art actually his artwork really focusing on the alcoholism problem in tribes and he's actually referring to his own father and his father's generation had this problem so when you're thinking about social work services will that be part of your service bring to them or have you thought about that should be included in the design of the course because we have another university they have an indigenous health center so they did a lot of things in that tribe already so I have to avoid that over that respect maybe the social work department they can deal with that but for me it's all of my profession so I don't want to get involved with it we have time for one or two more questions I usually use that film how they try to solve the drug alcoholism problem for my students we always fear the way it's funny because after the money disappeared nobody cared about they drink more so I think it's the right way to solve the problem sometimes people think about the way to solve the problem we should get from the education to teach the young girls how to protect themselves so they will not get a virus but if we don't educate the elder people or the adult we only teach the girls that's not good enough so that's why I think all the activities we should be integrated we should cooperate by interdisciplinary I think this way we can get better result hello can I ask sure it's something I asked it's a little bit repetitive I'm quite interested in the international indigenous networks so your links with other indigenous peoples that are having similar but with the young people I mean all the young indigenous people I've trained with so it's on other issues as well the cultural issues I have a link with somebody working in elementary school in Taiwan working on books to educate about other indigenous cultures around the world for Masai, for Sami so I guess I'm asking which other cultures you thank you when I was a dean I hated 2012 Winnihek Winnihek is a world indigenous nation health education consulting so indigenous people from 12 countries visit our courage so they already know there's indigenous in Taiwan our executive leader for that activities so if you want to know more from him also I attend the world indigenous people conference on education for my group we have presentation in Hawaii about these kind of issues so we already have a good connection with the world indigenous people unfortunately they hope we can help once again because I am not dean anymore so I can answer it so I transmit the current thing so for me it's very important because I make the world indigenous people know our existence and there's all my students performance they get very excited they think we provide good of course they may advise but we do build up connections and I think my students know there are other indigenous people they may facing the similar or different situation how we deal with them I still remember when we have a conference in our conference room like this all the indigenous people get together handed by handed they say no more no more at that time just very very touching I hope all the bad things will not happen anymore so they say no more no more for me it's a spiritual environment for me for me that conference right now I still remember that scene so I hope we can keep strong connection right now our young interfaces they are doing good things they are connected with Australia, New Zealand indigenous people for a thing so I think they are doing good job thank you very much Professor Wu big round of applause talk some back to back days wonderful questions too before we break for lunch what we thought we would do is since we are a recurring and small community here everybody does introduce themselves a little bit and say a few words about yourself and have more issues about politics politics me hello I'm Christos Lange from National Dong Hua University and I'm one of the speakers for Summer School for generations and for culture change of indigenous media in Taiwan thank you I'm Bi Yu deputy director of the Central Tower Study at SOAS and sorry for too many questions Hi I'm Niki also at the University of Central Anglicia I'm also a research associate here at the center of Taiwan hi I'm Selina and I was supposed to be here for summer school but I got centered around the place and I was too bored to get on skirt literary translator mostly I've just raised novels from Taiwan and teach translation in Lingnan and I'm researching indigenous language translation which in translation studies has not been talked about at all so that's my thing Louise I'm doing a hi everyone I'm a sushi man from University of California in Ababra and yeah I just flew here the day before yesterday and currently I'm working on a comparative colloquial studies about Taiwan between pre and post World War II period and also I graduated it's quite interesting because my undergraduate major was Arabic language and Middle Eastern Islamic studies so I'm currently also working on paper about the global nuclear human rights activism and which I will present on conference at New York this September Hi everyone I'm from Taiwan but I studied Sima in France right now so I'm from the University of Strasbourg but this year I will transfer to the Paris III my research is about the industry of the Taiwan cinema and this Thursday morning I will present my research and I will present this but my name is I don't know I don't know good job Hello I'm Roy I'm from Berlin actually I'm currently studying Asian-African studies at Hong Kong University and a visit saw us Taiwan in summer school I just arrived yesterday so Hi everyone I assume you already heard a lot of my name during this session so I'm Arumona I'm also from the National Taiwan University I was training law and I teach Indigenous law in Taiwan thank you Hello I'm at the office of Central Taiwan Studies and I hope you all enjoy our summer school thank you I'm Yang Jing I'm probably the North Taiwanese student studying Indigenous I'm from Glasgow University and my subject is about the province and collective province in an international context that's a really well name of my course but probably just talking about restitution actually which is kind of an upcoming training for Taiwanese museums to study for and I hope I can give some contribution to the Taiwanese Indigenous field for the objects that is collected in museums and I'm sure my thesis in the upcoming training stamina thank you Hello I'm Suzanne Morrison I'm a faculty member at College of the Atlantic in Maine I'm a feminist, botanist, agroecologist and I've been invited to teach with a colleague in Taiwan so I'm here to learn about Taiwan more I've only been there for three weeks at William which was beautiful and I guess I'll just leave it at that I'm also interested in I guess what I'll be teaching is with my students is about social history of agriculture and what while moving from Indigenous practices to settled agriculture to industrial agriculture, the use of sugar as a means to build the economy etc. so I'm interested in that particular trajectory with the sort of overlaying colonialism on top of that so if any of you have more agricultural interests please let me know and I'd love to talk about tea as well so thank you Hi, I'm Jan Yen I'm a student in the University of Leeds a bit so I want to say I'm a non-resident of the Gosco University my research is more about historic buildings regeneration also I'm a YouTuber for promoting Chinese traditional characters so welcome to subscribe my channel my name is Tian I was the Mandarin teacher but I retired this is the third year I attend this summer school I feel so appreciate so much during this course although I'm Taiwanese but I still learn a lot from this course thank you very much Hello, my name is Marcel Reyes Cortés I'm a visual anthropologist and actually an ex-alumni of sauce 20 years ago and I graduated from Gosco University as well I'm going to ask residency at Taipei at Treasure Hill which I'm going to start now this October and also I'm the director of photography and academic research we have a conference which is going to start now this September with Berkberg especially what I do is I try and bridge the gap between practicing artists practicing scholars with social science so I'm both a visual anthropologist and a practitioner a photographer as well and that's what I'm going to do when I go to Taipei I'm going to be looking at the social life and the spiritual life of works of art icons and totems so that would be my research I'm carrying out and writing a book about Taiwan and hopefully become a Taiwanese specialist so I'm pointing in the future thank you Hi everyone I'm Jaan I'm from Taiwan too I was always very impressed about the Taiwanese study event I've been doing for about 4 years maybe I will be chancellor of the Taiwanese community for the next 3 years thank you Hi I'm Minora I studied Chinese at Newcastle University so I beat you in a northern competition and I spent a year in Taiwan and now I work for the centre of Taiwan Studies here Hello my name is Tweed I'm the festival director for Native Spirit Festival we screen indigenous it's indigenous film from all around the world it's mostly the Americans but we want to bring more information and part of the festival is at SOAS we have a student society here my background is our festival is going to be in October and we'll have a one day collaboration with Taiwan Studies dedicated to Taiwanese indigenous Taiwanese cinema my background is arts education and health so I'm very for our festival I'm very keen to help people be educated before we share a lot of films where people don't understand the background and quite what they're seeing ok thank you Hi I'm David Feo I'm the festival director for the SOAS centre with BU Law and Jaya and it's time we have a lunch