 I'd like to ask Mr. Noboru Nakatani, Executive Director of the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation, to make a few remarks. And Mr. Charles Erting, the head of the European Cyber Pharmacenter in Europa. Mr. Nakatani. Thank you. Thank you, Rachel. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Noboru Nakatani, Executive Director of the Interpol Global Complex Innovation, which had the soft opening yesterday. So I would say that our organization entity is quite young. I'd like to start by the statements by mentioning why Interpol and the Europa decided to have the joint cyber conference. This year we are going to have it in Singapore. In fact, last year, more or less the same timing, we had the first edition of the Europa Interpol Cyber Conference at the Europa headquarters, which is located in Hague, Netherland. So the reason behind it is that cyber crime is a truly transnational crime in nature. The criminal usage of the technology, especially internet, supports the big challenge to the law enforcement. The adding complexity and delays of the investigation across the jurisdiction. It's a huge challenge to law enforcement. And then, no nations and no international organization or a regional organization can handle or can deal with this issue alone. So Interpol, we believe that we need a global alliance to fight cyber crime. And then, Europa is a natural partner for Interpol to team up. So we spoke with each other. Law enforcement across the globe, even the wealthy country, have limited resources to deal with cyber crime. You know that for us, two major police organizations, to avoid unnecessary duplication of work, instead to generate synergy, let's work together. So we both and myself spoke in that way, just before the Europa opened its cyber crime dedicated center, that is EC3. Then we decided to have the first Europa Interpol cyber conference last year. So this year in Singapore, celebrating the opening of the IGCI, so what will be next? Next year, the third edition will be back to Netherland. The year after, fourth edition will be coming back to Singapore. So we would like to make this conference signature cyber crime conference for law enforcement. But I think that our vision is much larger than that. We would like to make this conference, the signature conference, actually not only for law enforcement in the future down the road, but also for the, I would say, private companies people and academia. Because cyber crimes require us to work with non-police entities. So we need international multidisciplinary alliance to fight cyber crime. The police had suffered from the underreporting. So police does not have law enforcement, does not have complete picture, complete understanding of the threat we face. So in order for us to effectively, efficiently to deal with this threat, we need to work together. Then Interpol is not entity to open the case, individual case, no. Our responsibility is to support our member country who are actually investigating. So in that sense, the Interpol, Europol are now tying up and then show the collective division and the way forward to better unite law enforcement entity or law enforcement community in this fight against cyber crime. And the Europol has done great job because the Europol cyber crime center already have actually opened. It started in January 2013. So I think that you can hear more about operational issues from my colleagues. Thank you very much Nibbu and thank you very much for these kind words. And also thank you for coming to this press event. The Interpol changed the way to rework. It already has changed the way that you work I guess. It will most certainly also change the way that I work. It's one of the best generations that I have seen personally. I think that that drives growth and prosperity. It drives ideas sharing. It drives a lot of good things. But unfortunately it also drives crime. And crime will change because normally in the physical world the police has an area that we protect. It could be Singapore. You know exactly how big Singapore is and everybody who commits crime in Singapore you can catch. If it's a burglar, if it's a murderer, if it's a racist, if it's a drug dealer. We can do this in all the countries because the criminals will have to go into our country to conduct the crime. But in cyber crime this will change. Nobody needs to travel. Nobody needs to visit the country where they want to steal ideas, information or money. So Singapore, South Africa or Denmark will be a victim without ever seeing a criminal. And the criminal can also multiply his crime by doing it even when he sleeps. He can attack one million computers in 20 countries. In a physical world you can only rape one person at a time. You can only make one burglary at a time because you need to be there. But the criminals can be in his bed downloading the software he needs, crime as a service and conduct crime in many countries. That is why we need a global corporation. And I think that this conference here and I'm very very happy that LeBouw hosts us here in his new centre is a strong signal to the good guys, to our police colleagues, to the businesses, to the citizens of every country that we stand united in fighting this. And it's a very strong signal also to the criminals that they might run but they can hide. We will use and utilise all what we have together to identify them and to hunt them down. But what is it that we are against? And here we have been in the position and I think that in next year we will do this in a broader scale. We are here to do an executive summary for you which describes cybercrime towards the European Union. And this is of course only a region in the world, 500 million people in 28 states in Western Europe. But I can guarantee that this is the same type of crime that you will see in North America and South America and Asia. There is no difference. They do the same crime, they do it with the same tools. And that brings me to one of the threats that we see right now and that is that because of crime as a service has now produced so many malware producers can upload everybody can be a cyber criminal. Even though you are maybe not an expert in cyber I can guarantee that you can hack his Facebook account or your Twitter account or anything else you want. You just download the tools and you utilise it. And that again makes it very very difficult for us to catch up. Secondly you will also see a different criminal model in the physical crime. If you want to buy drugs, if you want to buy stolen goods, if you want to buy identities you normally have to do this physically. You go down and you buy it. Now you go on the internet and you order it and the mailman will deliver it even if you want cocaine, if you want weapons, if you want stolen identities or you want stolen goods. Everything will change. And the ability for the police to identify is very very limited due to the hidden services and the way that the internet works. And there are areas where the police can simply not make an attribution. So you can do things, I cannot identify you. This makes it very very difficult. And that is also why we have to work together. And I think that by working together and by pooling all what we know we can actually achieve results we couldn't do if we were separately. So we will do this unitedly because there is so much crime in cyberspace and there is enough for Nobu, there is enough for me. We just need to do it in a way that we use our tools to support each other and we will do this. And I think this is a good signal for everybody that you can count on that. And with this I would hand over the floor back again to you Rachel and Ray Frady questions. I'm Audrey and Colin, I'm sorry. Audrey from Bloomberg News and this question is directed to either gentlemen and what would you say are the most common cyber crimes? Is it many more drinks, e-commerce fraud and what is your combat plan? Thank you. To reply to your questions I think it depends on the regions. In general I would say that the online fraud is biggest threat but I think that in terms of the criminality, viruses, computer viruses still I think is the number one in terms of crime. But it depends on the regions and then depends on how you perceive cyber crime. So maybe I think you have your own view on that. I think that you have two types of cyber crime basically. The one type is this that can only be done on a computer. And this is intrusion, this is hacking and cracking, this is penetrating your social media, this is trying to steal your identity for using it and it's also to interfere with your account, your net banking account. Then there is cyber facilitated crime and this is actually offline crime but done with help from the online services. Child sexual exploitation is a good example. This is about rape of children in the physical world but you use the internet maybe to stream live, streaming of sexual assault that you pay for. So I can be a Western Union, a guy in Germany. On the internet I order two guys in an Asian country to rape a child and I pay for it so you use it. And this is cyber facilitated crime. The biggest problem for I would say average normal citizens would be the risk of you getting your identity stolen, your credit card stolen because you still have your credit card in your pocket so you think that it's safe but all the numbers are stolen because they have penetrated your inbox or whatever and they will then buy flight tickets in your name so they will also penetrate your internet account and your social media. I think this is where you will feel it. The good thing is that normally the credit card companies and the banks will cover this unless you have been a big fool but this will not go forever so I think this is the first one. Then you will see much more intrusion that you will see when we go online in the internet of everything everything will be connected. You are online with this one, you will have sensors all over in the future your fridge will be connected with the internet so when you take the last beer it will order automatically more beers and it will be delivered, everything will be automated but in doing so you also create more attack vectors so there are more possibilities for criminals to get into the systems and that will create bigger problems and then lastly I am a bit concerned that we give young people a smartphone but you don't give them any education so everybody just goes on the smartphone, they download applications and they become victims very very easy because they don't know what to do and what not to do and I think that we should change that. Just additional in the comment that in fact the motivation of the criminals or the organized crime people especially have remained the same. They like to make money. More profit, more profit. Maybe I think that's the more profit in the low risk and then cyber crime has scalability. What does this mean? If you want to get money on the street you have to go to the bank with guns you have to thread the bank crack every minute you stay in the bank the more risk you are apprehended but in cyber crime you just deploy the phishing mail tricking the bank account holders and if it doesn't work for the let's say DBS let's try the HSBC, Standard Chartered you can use the same platform to defend the actually banks if the English speaking bank doesn't work okay let's do the same Chinese or French speaking or French language the bank. So I think that there is a huge scalability which differentiate cyber crime from the traditional crime essentially the actually unnecessary of the physical presence in the location where crime takes place just an additional comment. Thank you. Hi everyone, my name is Kimberly I'm from China, New Asia. Just two questions which are somewhat related for either gentlemen as well. In your report you mentioned that attacks could normally originate from jurisdictions outside of the EU. I just wanted to ask for some examples of countries in which these cyber attacks originate and the second part of my question I know that you both are not taking questions specifically to Singapore but for Interpol I wanted to know how big a concern is Singapore for Interpol in terms of whether as a country susceptible to cyber attacks or as a country where attacks originate from. Thank you. If I take the first one, the crime we have stated in the eye answer if you look at cyber crime you have a small group of people who are very very good in producing malware so you have basically people who produces all kinds of tools that they then finalize then they send it to another group the other group tests this malware if it can penetrate the antivirus then they get tweet, get back and then it's finalized. Now you have a hacking tool or you have a trojan or you have a botnet then you put it on the net and other ones download and use it so it's not the same one who produces the malware but other ones use it. Now those who produce it at least in Europe is Russian speaking organized criminal predominantly 85% of our cases originates from Russian speaking countries. This is not the Russian Federation but Russian speaking this is the group this is a fact that we have right now but this changes all the time this is a picture, this could change but they produce the malware those who use it could be from Africa from Asia, from South America, from Europe trying to steal it by using these weapons of attack but we are of course trying to identify and hunt down the producers because if we can eliminate them we eliminate the whole production of every tool so that is our target right now to do this but nobody is safe and they are not just going for EU states they also do this against the rest of the world and EC3 is only a regional component for Europe but we cannot do this even in Europe alone that's why we need to reach out to other countries because in the future I will guess that when Africa comes online and it's booming Africa like this we will see much more crime from Africa towards other regions and they will also themselves be a victim of crime and again because we know this we have to prepare the African states for that fact when they go online and that is why we have capacity building program together with Interpol in that area maybe I can answer to you in terms of second question whether Singapore is the origin of the cyber attack or the other way around with the destination of the cyber crime we can think in two different ways one is that Singapore has very well advanced IT infrastructure without appropriate information security measures that well advanced structure may be abused by the criminals and then in that case Singapore may become the origin of the cyber attack but once again without appropriate information security measures taken by the government or taken by the companies who possess those facilities in terms of the destination of the cyber crime once again I would like to remind you of the motivation of the criminals how what they want to do and how they want to do what essentially they would like to make money so naturally they target the country where the wealth exists just like that was mentioned now Africa is being targeted by cyber criminals because the rich people started to use the internet meaning they are vulnerable to the cyber attack and then without appropriate information security measures other key infrastructures like banks especially small and middle of scale banks they are targeted in Singapore I think they are well matured so I think in terms of the victimization I don't think this is the outstanding issues of Singapore but naturally as long as your country is wealthy and then also in the good shape the criminals continue to look at you look at Singapore because they see the opportunity to make money, to make profit so that's my answer, thank you maybe I could add here that if you want I have this graph showing the world and the attack slide right now you can see who is attacking who and on what time and I can give you the link and you can follow it because it's very instructive the problem is you cannot always trust this because the criminals are very good in making it look like that attack comes from Germany but it actually comes from another country but they use proxies but it's a picture anyway and we can share this with you this bullet from Ajans Transparency this is something that asks how extraneous groups like Islam State or any other extraneous groups are using the internet for their purposes and what's being done to stop them in Europe we see again this is a question that is not covered by the mandate that the European cyber crime centre has this is again intelligent but I will still answer it because I think this is important we look at cyber terrorism of course it's part of our mandate to look at cyber terrorism so that it's part of Interpol's mandate but I don't know what we have seen is that terrorists they don't use the internet still for conducting operations they still like bombs more than they like bits so they stick to the old fashioned way but they still use the internet very very heavily they use it for recruitment verification and for facilitation and for stealing money to do their cases so you see they are more and more active they have been active for many many years in trying to radicalize young people to recruit them in secret forums where they upload videos and try to attract them to go to war and to be foreign fighters and they communicate the use the internet for communication which you can because it's very COVID communication sometimes and they also use it for producing money that they use for their course so because of this we are of course very very active in this so we have in Europe a CT unit which looks at what is called check the web so we are online and we assist our member states in this and right now we are actually quite concerned about the foreign fighters going to Syria and back again and because when they come back they might have changed and they have to integrate into society so of course this is of big concern still the internet is not used to let's say conduct an attack but it's used to facilitate but it might change terrorist use of the internet is the actually long standing issues not new issues actually but the way they use internet has been evolving for instance terrorist financing they may use the same methodology as money laundering money laundering is crime once again we are focusing on the criminal justice it's not the justice it's fine or intelligence no so if the way they use internet is somehow categorized as crime in the specific countries or in some more other countries then we will step in by providing actionable intelligence to member country but before that as long as we see the threat in a way that they use the internet in the criminal way I mean criminal type of usage then we will enter for IGCI is going to take some research activities on that so I think that is what we are planning to do and then that is a way we support our member countries on the terrorism thank you thank you