 Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to this closing plenary. Before we kick off this discussion, I would like us to watch a very brief film about the summit. In this world today, we should consider this as opportunity to come back to Gondar again, because in this larger world, the points in front of us are much more than differences. We talked from Middle East to Northern Africa, and the idea of being able to discuss our experience in Europe with completely a different point of view, but at the end, sharing the same basic principle of the need to provide prosperity to our own people. What has truly shifted even more important than the political changes that have occurred is that at the ground level, people feel responsible. They feel a sense of ownership for their country no longer as observers, but as actors. Turkey actually has been a source of inspiration for what Europe can be if they can enlarge their view and look at the longer term together with the main region overall. This is like a university campus. People come here such to give you the exact picture. Where is the word now? Pretty much what everyone agrees at the moment is the preeminent challenge facing the Arab world where issues of youth inclusion, youth employment, all of them have a vested interest in responding creatively and responding seriously and exploring ways of learning from one another. I over the last couple of days have had amazing conversations with people that I can't wait to actually take offline, if you will, and continue outside of the confines of the World Economic Forum. Thank you and please join me in welcoming this distinguished panel. This has been the World Economic Forum's summit on the Middle East, North Africa and Eurasia, and we're coming to a close. And this is also our first special meeting for this mega region in our 42-year history. Under the team, bridging regions in transformation, we have addressed the most pressing issues in the region, like after the Arab Spring, solving the Eurozone puzzle, the crisis in Syria, the quest for jobs and growth, thriving SMEs, thriving societies, Turkey as a source of inspiration. I would like also then to introduce the distinguished panel. On my right-hand side, we have Ahmed Ayed, founder and managing director, Taiko, Egypt, Global Shaper. Then we have Frederico Corrado, president and chief executive officer, Embraer Brazil, the third largest producer of aircrafts, civilians in the world. Then we have His Excellency Minister Bagish, Europe minister for Turkey, and also our distinguished host together with Prime Minister Erdogan. Then we have Madame Guller Sabanci, chairman and managing director in Sabanci Holding, Turkey. We have Mr. Reki, chairman, Annie, Italy. And we have Munna Abu Salmain, partner, directions consultancy, Saudi Arabia, young global leader. Welcome. Mr. Bagish, first on behalf of all the participants and also the World Economic Forum, thank you for your hospitality and also thank you for the great collaboration we have had in the run-up to this meeting. One of the themes or topics that I mentioned was Turkey as a source of inspiration. Is there something like a Turkish model when it comes to growth? Well, Turkey has become a country for inspiration for many others recently. When we look up the geography around Turkey, we're not only a source of inspiration for the countries to our east, but we're also a source of inspiration now for the countries to our west as well. We are a source of inspiration to people in Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Syria with our democracy, human rights, free market economy, with what we have achieved despite so many similarities like a common culture, common tradition, common value system, common geography. But we're also a source of inspiration to countries in Europe with our growth rate, with our young and dynamic population, with our accessibility to new energy resources and new markets. Countries to our north, for example, and emerging stronger Russia looks at Turkey in terms of supremacy of law as well. Other countries in the region also see Turkey as a source of inspiration. Rather than using the word model or example, I think using the phrase source of inspiration better fits. After all, this city where we were very proud to host the first five-continent gathering of World Economic Forum has been a capital of the Roman Empire, capital of the Byzantine Empire, capital of the Ottoman Empire. We were a cultural capital of Europe in 2010. This year we are the sports capital of Europe. This shows that this city is unique and naturally this city where churches, synagogues and mosques have stood side by side for 800 years can be a source of inspiration to many others. In the course of the summit we have read in the papers and seen that Spain is in deep trouble. You're also seeing that Euroland and the Euro has its major challenges. Minister, you said the other day in one of the sessions that you were that you were not so pessimistic. You said that the fundamentals in Europe are not that bad, but it's not about political leadership. Can you elaborate on that? Well, first of all, one analysis we have to make is recently we are hearing new terminology. We're hearing the word brick, we're hearing the word civets and recently the word guts. None of these include EU member countries. So the opportunities are shifting elsewhere. However, per capita prosperity is still the highest in EU compared to the rest of the world. And when I say per capita prosperity that includes not only income but human rights, food quality, ratio of oxygen in the air that we breed, expectations for future. Therefore, EU is a set of values, a club of values. Yes, the European Union might be going through a difficult period, but we know from our own experience 12 years ago my country had 8000% interest rates among banks. Mrs. Sabanji's company's network could be helped overnight with one wrong decision of the government or one unreasonable fight between a president and a prime minister. But those days are behind us with stability and the true fiscal policies of my government. We are now the fastest growing economy in Europe for the last six years in a row. And according to OECD, we will continue to be the fastest growing economy. So if we could do it, European Union member states could do it as well. All it takes is determination and going back to our core values. What established the EU? The need for peace, the need for a common market, the need for cooperation and the need for fiscal discipline. Many countries were cheating on their numbers that they were presenting to the commission. And many others knew that, but had to look the other way because of a concept called unanimity. In Europe, all decisions had to be based on unanimity. And in order to get a unanimous vote on every decision, countries started looking the other way on each other's shortcomings. And that created a deficit. That is why country you know best, your own country Norway chose not to become a member of the EU. But since you know you're one of the few EU ministers in the world, is Turkey still aspiration to become an EU member? Yes, because we don't see EU as an economic union or a political union. We still see EU as a peace project. As a matter of fact, it is the grandest peace project of the history of mankind, as I said on this stage yesterday. If the Brits and the French can live happily together and produce together today, it's because of EU. Look at their history. Look at the history between Italy and Germany, Netherlands and Belgium. It's full of bloody wars. If they could put that behind them and establish a union where they can all prosper together, Turkey's membership would only turn this continental peace project into a global one. Therefore, we are still committed to join this peace project. Of course, terms can be negotiated. That's why Turkey is a chief negotiator. Mr. Recky, as the chairman of NA, you're also an accomplished negotiator. But you are also seeing, of course, with concern, I guess, the situation in Euroland and with the Euro. When you hear Minister Bagish talk about his aspirations for Turkey and also for Europe, what kind of thoughts do you have listening to this? First of all, I share with the minister the view of Europe as a place which has values that should have a tangible goodwill that should be put in place in the analysis of this crisis. Still, Europe is the biggest market in the world in terms of GDP, so 28%. The US is 23 as a huge population of consumers. There is no reason, I see, for which Europe should go through this crisis because the fundamental imbalances of the world that allow trading of technology to go to developing countries and technology-rich countries to sell their technology is still there, nothing has changed. So Europe is leaving a problem of perception, a perception that cannot handle its governance, cannot handle its management capacity. And this perception turning to reality because Europe didn't do anything to correct it in time. And the longer it takes, the deeper this perception turns into a reality which is very difficult to come back from. And that's what is the big challenge that the politicians must find because you can ask any effort to people, any effort to citizens or any effort to team players in a company when you have to do a turnaround. But people do it if they have a vision of an objective, a vision which makes this effort worthwhile doing. And given this vision is the, I think, task of the leaders, either in a company or in politics, and that's what we're all waiting for. That's why I think we have a lot of expectation for the G20 coming in the few weeks that is supposed to give some vision. Madam Sabancı, as one of the leading business women in this region, Turkey has gone through an incredible economic growth the last decade. 8 to 10 percent every year created millions of jobs. Do you have any concerns for Turkey in the coming years? And is this a model that could also be exported to, for example, the new democracies in North Africa? First of all, of course, we are all very proud of what Turkey has achieved. I am a business person. I always search for excellence. There's always room for improvement. And I don't like when people say, well, we have done our job and it's finished. So it's not finished yet. It is a long road. We have, we can still improve our, for example, democracy. We can still, there is room for improvement of our gender gap. So there are things that needs to be improved. And it's good that we have that agenda in front of us to work. Otherwise it would have been a very dull period for us. But anyhow, it is what Turkey has achieved, as Minister Baş also have put forward. It is Turkey's achievements and the result that we're living through is now, is of course Turkey have started its democratic journey close to 90 years, secular democratic republic. So, and of course, all through this journey and the last years, even though I do understand again Mr. Baş's efforts on Europe, Europe has also, European accession process has helped Turkey, of anchoring Turkey in the last decades towards, you know. And the other hand, of course, we have heard our Prime Minister yesterday. It's the confidence is very important. After the crisis we had in 2001, Turkey have learned its lessons. We have a very strong and healthy banking system behind us. We have a very consistent and market oriented confidence giving government. We practically in the last eight years, we have practically, or 10 years, we have the same economy management. So all these things, it's not one thing, all these things are adding up to it. And as a business person, of course, the direction of market economy has always been what we achieve and what we look for and it's continuing in the right direction. So can Turkey be an example? I hope Turkey can shine by example to the region. Nothing more, but in order to Turkey continue to be shining as an example to the region, as I said, Turkey has to continue to its progress, to its dynamism in the economy, to improving its functioning democracy, improving its human rights and improving its gender gap in order to continuously be a soft power in the region. And on the gender parity, you think there is a way to go? Of course there is a way to go. There is a way to go all in all around the world. There is a way to go. We just have been in a panel discussion and on the gender gap. In the last two days, we've been discussing this with different aspects of it. It is a subject that I always start with my comments saying it's never enough and I always end up saying we have still room to improve. So there is so much to be done, but it is in the right direction. And I must say also World Economic Forum's Gender Gap Report and that gives us a tool to measure, to continue and the only way we can improve in gender gap is to have really to measure it and to be determinedly working on it and committing ourselves to improving it. It is a continuous effort by all of us including men, please. That's a good point. I pledge my support. Thank you. Another topic is the Arab Spring, more than a year after. We know that you, Ahmed Ayed, a global shaper but also a businessman in Cairo, you were part, taking part in this revolution that happened in Egypt. What is your reflections now after the first round of the presidential elections and what are your aspirations for your country and for your region? Thank you, Berge. I think after so many years of oppression, like the first time in recent history, we're seeing the people taking charge. They are not expecting any guidance from a higher authority or religious guidance and that in itself is something that we could be very proud of. Of course things are not very certain at the moment but we're hoping that with this sense of ownership that people are having right now, this alone could give us an idea about how things will go and later on, people are overthrowing these forces that are locking their potential and especially the youth in the region, they're taking charge, they're taking the lead and changing things around and that's why I'm hopeful things will be more stable, it will be more prosperous and we'll only have the time to see but we cannot only count on the political level, we need to get on the ground and see the change, how to help the people on the ground, the youth especially, with their talents. We discovered an amazing pool of talents in the Middle East right after the revolution and we need to take advantage of that, we need to help the people to rise up to their full potential. There are 70 million new jobs that have to be created in the coming decade only in the Arab world due to the demography. You think that's going to happen? It has to happen, it has to happen and people will do it themselves if not on the political level, I think we need to do something about it. People are taking initiative in the Arab world, they're not waiting for someone to help them and they discovered it's not, no matter what happens, especially after these elections in Egypt and Tunisia and elsewhere, we're discovering that no matter who's in power, things need to change on the ground, on the grassroots level, bottom up. It has to happen, Mr. Ayed is saying, Abu Salaman, humanist and humanist and a well-known voice in Saudi Arabia. For the Gulf region, you have seen quite substantial economic growth also in the last years, but you also have a lot of young people, more than 50% of your population under 20 years. Where do you see the Gulf region going? Well, there's a lot of complex issues in the Gulf region. We have the unemployment issue. When you talk about 70 million, I will see that's not the GCC, that is North Africa, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia. The problems in the Arab world are quite different depending on which area you come from. For example, one of the things that is happening, because it's a complicated issue, is that in order to eradicate unemployment, we're looking at education and tweaking of education. But until now, we have not developed a model that actually would lead to jobs. Then there's the trend of self-employment. Well, if you do have a lot of self-employment and people do it on their own, you still have to have the government policies that actually encourage it. Otherwise, you'll always be a very small business and you'll not be able to hire people. And so, with the self-employment trend, there has to be the government policies that support this. The other problem, and I think this is the bigger problem in the Middle East or at least in the GCC area, is not just unemployment. It's the ideal citizen. Who is the ideal citizen? How can we create an ideal citizen? How can we, and we call it Muatana in Arabic. And that comes from education. And if education becomes, if we only care about employment, which is what's happening right now, we're veering away from all the subjects that actually will create a holistic human being. And that's a recipe for disaster in a generation. Because then you have a lot of productive people who do not have enough knowledge, enough references to create society. And so, again, I go back to this idea of complexity. We solve one problem, but we do not address the rest of it. And we solve one problem, not knowing how the impact will happen. Nobody knows. The Minister of Foreign Affairs in Turkey said, if you're unstable, then you're going to stick with the status quo. And there's a lot of instability right now. And we're sticking with the status quo. There's only, I think, one country that has been able to get out of it, which is Tunisia. And it just happens to have had the best educational system in the Arab world in the past 50 years. And that's the model that we need to look into. Although Turkey is such a beautiful place to be also in. So, a second model. Minister Bagish, there are a lot of... It's a volatile situation also surrounding Turkey now with the humanitarian situation in Syria deteriorating. We also see that there are challenges still in Iraq. Israel-Palestine is not moving in the right direction. We also have the question of Iran and weapons of mass destruction. What role do you see for Turkey in this region? Because you have been stepping up and taking more responsibility in your own region the last five years. Well, Turkey has a historical, geographical, and a conscience responsibility. We have a saying in Turkish, if your neighbor's house is on fire and if you don't help them put it out, that fire will eventually burn your own home. So we have been trying to prevent fires in this neighborhood. We, at times, we feel like a fire extinguisher, a firefighter. Turkey has tried and will continue to try to bring means of diplomacy and peaceful solutions to the challenges ahead of us. That's why we are trying to bring alternative diplomatic means to the region. This part of the world has seen all kinds of wars, hot wars, cold wars, espionage wars, guerrilla wars. You name it, but not enough diplomacy. And that's what Turkey is trying to do. This is the city where, for the first time, Israeli Foreign Minister met the Pakistani Foreign Minister. This is the city where we had shuttle diplomacy between Syrian teams and Israeli teams. This is the city that we brought together the Iranian negotiator along with Ms. Ashton of European Union. We are trying to bring solutions to the problems. And you mentioned the problem. 70 million new jobs are to be created. Well, just if you look at it from the perspective of, oh, we need to find jobs for 70 million people, that might be a scary toll. But if you consider that 70 million people with salaries means a big market, then that gives us a solution by itself. That means we have to internalize the international markets. And create jobs, and those people who have the jobs will also be our consumers. European Union today cannot deal with the economic crisis with the current markets within EU because those markets are mature enough, already maturated. But we need to enlarge the pie so that everyone's slice is larger. Therefore, Syria, we cannot afford to look the other way when one dictator is killing his own innocent people. We have to act, and we have to convince our Russian friends, our Chinese friends to give a strong message as far as the countries that you mentioned, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, there are many Muslim leaders today who can go to those countries and pray with local people. And there are many Western leaders who can go there and talk about merits of secular democracy. But when Turkey's Prime Minister goes there, he can do both. That's why when he went to Cairo two o'clock in the morning, 20,000 young Egyptians were at the airport to greet him. And when he came out of the mosque after a Friday prayer in Libya, 30,000 people were gathered to listen to what he had to tell them. Not only because he's a handsome man, because he has achieved what they want to achieve in their countries. He's a democratically elected leader who has been elected for three times in a row with increased margin of votes and has tripled per capita income in his own country, has tripled the number of roads, hospitals, schools, airports and so forth. And that's what makes him popular. And when he speaks after a Friday prayer and tells people not to be afraid of secularism, it has credibility because he himself is a pious believer, but he is running a secular democracy where he has achieved the fastest economic growth in Europe. So when he tells them don't be afraid of secularism, being secular doesn't mean you have to abandon your religion. Quite the contrary, it ensures one to practice his religion of choice as much as they want to practice it. That is a source of relief for those people. It's also a source of relief for European Union member states because they cannot give that message. I think we should now turn to Mr. Corrado. You're coming from Latin America, a bricked country of Brazil. Brazil has also had substantial economic growth the last years, but also, of course, also seeing the slowdown of the global economy. When you have been here for two, three days at the summit, when you're listening to this discussion, what are your main takeaways from these days and are you optimistic on behalf of these three regions that we have gathered at the summit? Yes, well, I have been coming to Turkey for more than a decade, and whilst there is a big difference, cultural and origin difference between Brazil and South America and Turkey, Middle East, there's a remarkable similarity of what Brazil has been doing the last 10 years to Turkey. So when you compare a population, ours is about two and a half times Turkish population, but the income per capita is very similar. The ability to control its macroeconomy as far as curbing inflation, as far as building up reserves, Turkey, as the Prime Minister mentioned yesterday, or sorry, the day before yesterday, that's about sometime next year they're going to pay off all their debts with IMF. Brazil has done that sometime, some years ago, and now actually is a creditor to IMF. So it is remarkable to see very distant geographical in nations doing similar things, stimulating wealth distribution and growing as a result of that. I think a key difference between our region and here, which was very apparent in the last couple of days is that in South America we talk about a lot of economic integration, some concerns about democracy, but very, very punctually. Overall, the region has improved significantly. So when we compare to the situation where we are here, we realize that there are really strong concerns. The minister has said two times the word peace here. Prime Minister Erdogan also mentioned peace in his speech and also the word love in his speech. So those are, I think, very, very important messages. And for those who live in the regions like ours, who have, thanks God, enjoyed a peaceful environment for many, many years, we should not only be grateful, but we should work more towards whatever help can be done. Adding a little bit to that point, I think there is an increasingly, I think the unemployment issue, 70 million employees, employment positions that are needed, this is not a local problem, this is a global problem. And I think that we are coming to a stage or point where mankind, and I'm not an economist, but I think that the old rule of you have to grow the cake to share it before you share it. I think this is under absolutely severe question at this stage because I don't think we have the luxury of growing the cake before we are dividing it. I think we have to do it in parallel. So thinking about the classic national borders of nations, we have to find the ways, and I think it is hard to find the answers. Lots of, a lot about it was debated here. But how do we keep national autonomy? Of course, it's sovereignty, and at the same time, you reach out to your neighbors or to whoever needs the help because this is not only an economical need, but this is also a human need. The millennium goals were set 12 years ago, we're just about three years from 2000 to reach 2015. And I think a lot of the principles, a lot of the objectives which the world has set to itself back in 2000 are still a long way to go. Just to mention one, the extinction of extreme poverty and hunger. Unfortunately, we have not made much progress. So without further delay. Thank you. What I'm hearing you saying is that we shouldn't take it for granted with peace and also stability. What we're seeing is that a prerequisite for growth and prosperity is that we have stability and also part of that is about integration. Madam Sabanczy, you asked for the floor when minister Baggage was speaking about all the great results in Turkey. Were you then concerned about the increasing deficit or was there something else you had on your mind? I just wanted to add what Mr. Bashez said about Turkey's role in the region. I just want to add something there is that of course we should be sensitive of Turkey's role in the region as to... I think it boils down to two dimensions. One is, as I said, is simply being the exemplary one. That being the exemplary one, being the model brings us a responsibility on Turkey itself also to improve herself continuously. That's one thing. And I wanted to add another thing is the institutional dimension of Turkey can play a role in the region which already started playing, I think, because Turkey is already a member of a lot of international organizations. Just one of them, of course, Mr. Gemma Bashez knows very well, is the Council of Europe, for example. Council of Europe. Turkey has been one of the founding members of Council of Europe which can help the region on especially consult the region and the developments in the region on democratization. Also, there are institutions aside of Council of Europe is the Venice Commission which can help the region and the countries in the region for developing their constitution and developing a democratic constitution is, I think, what I hear in the last two days is the critical path forward for the region. The Tunisians have it working on it. Egypt is a bit far away from that yet. They have to finalize their elections. But it is obvious that there will be an issue of having a democratic constitution within the region on the roadmap will be an issue which for all of us to be concerned and to be supporting but through the international organizations. That's one thing that I wanted to add to this discussion and I think it was one of the outcomes, maybe, of the discussions that I have been hearing in the forum. Mr. Ayed, democracy in the region, Egypt, is not yet there or are you? No, no, we're way far behind. No, no, we still have a long way to go. We cannot call what's happening in the region right now in Tunisia or in Egypt democracy. Democracy is not just about elections. We have a lot of issues. I don't think that anything really happened in Egypt at all. We were just trying to get what's our own. And the issue of having Turkey as a model, Turkey has worked a lot on itself and that's been a tremendous effort and they needed that themselves. I don't think that Turkey did that to be a model. They had their own issues. They wanted to help their own people, Turkish people, they helped themselves and that's amazing. But I also think that each country in the Middle East has its own characteristics that makes it unique and each country has to take decisions to help themselves and to help their people. So I would like to think that Tunisia is able to create its own model as well as Egypt as well as Libya and we'll do that through our collective efforts. I think the role of Turkey, the role that Turkey could be doing with countries throughout the region is to give us more integration, more collaboration, more cooperation. And you've been doing that very successfully and we thank you for that. But stressing too much on the issue that let's have this as a model, it's not really going to work because you cannot impose just one thing on someone and make it work. It has to come from within and this is the only way it could happen. So that's my own opinion. Muna, before I turn to you minister, I would like also to get the perspective from the Gulf and then you can comment on that. Muna Abu Salaman, how do you see the Arab Spring seen from your viewpoint and from Riyadh and Saudi Arabia? Actually before I answer that, I want to add to Ahmed's point, is that as much as we see Turkey being successful, the language barrier for real transmission of models is one of the biggest problems. So for example, if you want the public policy makers or the economic development experts from the Arab world who may not speak English to begin with, some of them are mostly Arabic, to go to Turkey and to understand, learn, take courses, stay here and come back, which is what we do with the US, what we do with Europe, what we do with each other within the GCC, the language barrier is problematic. So there is that problem with Turkey as great as it is. Once you go beyond the leadership, top leadership level, the language becomes an issue. Now we'll look at the Arab Spring from the GCC point of view and of course it's not, I mean it's quite obvious that the GCC panicked when the Arab Spring occurred because youth uprising from a cultural point of view where we respect the elders was difficult to comprehend. The other point is that which was even more problematic that not much leadership emerged from the revolutionaries. So it became a lot of different, they wanted change, but until now for example if you look at the revolutionary candidates who almost coordinated nothing in the elections, it showed that they did not coalesce on their demands and present a united front and that is very scary for the GCC. Do you agree on that Ahmed? Not entirely, of course. I'm telling you from the GCC point of view. Of course, but to say that the uprisings haven't done anything to the countries that had... No, no, I'm saying there's no apparent leadership with it. Of course. And that's what you take pride in, is that it was a mass movement. It is. And right now a lot of leader figures are emerging because of the elections. Now people have given votes to people and now they are being held accountable to those who voted for them. So yes, in the beginning there was no clear... It's between the MP and Ahmed Shafi. It's true, but look at Tahir Square right now, look at the news and see what's going on in Tahir. People are still taking the lead. Work on progress. Progress. Who said it's going to happen overnight? It's a long term struggle, but we're going there. Look at Brazil, look at Latin America, 20 years ago. Look at Turkey, 70 years ago. It's not going to happen overnight. In the Middle East it's a very complicated region and we have so many factors that affect this issue. But right now the most important thing is that this taboo has been broken, the people have spoken and they're not going to be silent and they're taking the lead. And that's what's important right now. Yes, it's going to be struggle, yes it's going to be very hectic, but we're willing to do it. Let's do it, help us to do it. This is all that we're looking for. So we're waiting for you to give us your, let's say, your example. Thank you. Mr Baghej, do you still want to comment? I wanted to interfere when I spoke for the first time to mention that I agree with him. Democracy is not a one size fits all sock or glove. Every country has their own tradition, history, culture which needs to be embraced into the making of their democracy. But one thing is for sure, every nation deserves democracy and all nations who have tasted the great taste of democracy don't want to give it up. And we have to help them make their own democracy. That's why I constantly and I think Miss Sabanje agrees with me to try to change the phrase from example or model into source of inspiration. Turkey has great achievements in the last 200 years where we tried to coexist culture of Islam with culture of democracy but unfortunately we have also made some huge mistakes. I am not proud of the fact that there was a military coup in my country in 1960 which ended up executing an elected prime minister with two of his top cabinet members. There is also a lesson to be drawn from that mistake that they shouldn't make. That's why there is no capital punishment today in Turkey because we are trying to learn from those who switched to democracy before us but a country like Spain had lieutenant colonels taking their parliamentarians hostage not 100 years ago, 40 years ago. They had a very difficult democracy and now they are still in the process of making it. We seem to be a source of inspiration but we are still working on our constitution. We still have issues to deal with in Turkey. That's why when Miss Sabanje says we have to work on gender parity I agree with her and we are trying our best but if you look at the Turkish universities today you can be really hopeful because there is greater room for female students today and most of the graduates happen to be females compared to the past when it was predominant to males. So I am hopeful that Turkey is working on her challenges and we can only share our experiences with countries who want to draw lessons from our experiences in good way or bad way. Muna Abus Salaman, you have also worked a lot on gender in Saudi Arabia and you have frequently been raising this issue of a glass ceiling. Could you comment on this discussion about gender and what Minister Bagesh just said? Well, I have to admit the World Economic Forum gender parity report has been very successful pointing out a lot of the problems within many countries. The issue is that in order to circumvent negative rankings is that people would elect a token person. So you would have one or two people in parliament or one member of the cabinet and you do not achieve the numbers that really would symbolize a real change in the system or real progress. And so of course in the GCC we have those token women in some countries stronger than others. Even in Saudi Arabia now we are going to have women in the Majlis Ashura, we have women in the King Selection Council, we have women who are going to be voting and voted for in the municipalities but does that translate to a more just and dignified future for most of Arab women? And it hasn't translated to that yet. And we look into the struggles of the US where it's only 17% of women in the US in Congress. You look at the Fortune 500 companies and how many of them are led by women or have women in the top executive management. So it's an issue that affects everywhere in the world and as I said people circumvented by doing superficial things. Now the problem in the Arab world that Islam and culture are being used as the way to tell women what they should or shouldn't do and they're guilt tripped into giving up a lot of their ambitions. This is not going to go away anytime soon. So what I've always suggested and I've done this in several talks is that it's not about reformation of the system, it's about changing the system. And so how do you actually look at motherhood which is the real reason women are being excluded from a lot of pathways that lead to the top. How can you look at motherhood as parenting versus motherhood and then whatever the burden of society that mothers, so if you're taking flexible time, if you're taking time off maternity leave, how do we translate that into something that both male and females actually carry? So I'll give an example. In the US they say women get 70% for each dollar that a man makes. And how can we make it 85% for both? Saying that it is not really about motherhood, it's about raising successful healthy children for a better society and it doesn't become just motherhood. It's reframing the story and changing the system versus just patching it up which is what we've been doing so far. Thank you. I don't think we could end this without also addressing some of the growth enablers that are important in the region. And the last days there's been also focus on energy. Energy being a prerequisite for economic growth. There's a growing energy demand in the region and having you Mr. Raki here on the panel, I know you care a lot about energy corridors and also power lines so we can secure also energy access. What are the main takes from this summit on this topic? I would say that the key word of the summit has been around links and the summit has assesses that are links between everything, between economic powers, between political leaders and between areas of the world. And links also are the key factor for energy now because the new rule of the game is not being anymore in the traditional world of consumer and producers. So there was a stable world of energy where countries rich of resources were selling these resources to countries that were consuming them. Now there is a big discontinuity on the market because the technology has brought a lot of new way of running this business. There is a revolution of gas going on which is due to the technology for those of the industry as well known the shale gas which has transformed the United States from an importer into an exporter of gas so far. And this is changing the dynamic in such a strong way. We have market prices which go from $2 million BTU in the US to $10 million BTU in Europe to $15 to $18 in Asia. So it's such a huge arbitrage which will cause a realignment and rebalance between the use of gas and oil because soon this transformation won't be limited only to the energy producers but it will probably be spread around other industries like transportation, like other ways that we consume the hydrocarbon. So corridors become the game changer because securing the resources, building the highways for these resources to come to your market is going to be the new security game for access to energy. And there is a huge dynamic of foreign countries for example building new infrastructures such to change the negotiating power that they had before and get into the game that was a stable game before. Mr. Corrado, you heard a discussion about democracies, new democracies. Your country has been through a transition from dictatorship also to quite substantial economic growth. You're looking at the growth enablers in this region. Are you, after these two days, optimistic, more optimistic on behalf of the region? Are you looking more for future investments here? I think one has to be optimistic, it has to be. And I fully agree with Ahmed, you know, democracy is not something that happens overnight. It is a learning process, you have to use it and reuse it. And the basis is education. Many people talk about education but the reality is that there is the real basis for any democratic state. So one has to be optimistic and I think the amount of energy and willingness of people to change that caused the Arab Spring is not a simple fact. I don't think it's something trivial. So I think that collective consciousness that really make people change their behavior, go against maybe a culture and do something different it's something to be optimistic about. Is that going to be resolved very soon? I don't think so. But he must learn. Minister Bagish, we're coming to a close. We started to work on this summit last summer. We have worked closely together on the topics and also to make this historic in the sense that there are bridging three or four regions. When you've been through this summit and we are here at the close, what are for you the highlights? What are the key big IDs that came out of this? I think it was a historic meeting, not only because it was the first time that 1,100 participants from 70 countries, around 180 CEOs and 50 top government representatives came together. But also this meeting took place right before the G20 summit and before the Sustainability Summit in Brazil where many world leaders will try to find solutions to our common challenges. And right now the butterfly effect is more evident than it ever was. No country is safe until everybody is safe. No country is rich until everyone else feels comfortable. We are all affected with each other. Nobody has the right to say it's another problem in some other part of the world and I don't care because we're all affected with each other's resources, problems, wars, floods, opportunities, gains and so forth. So Istanbul gave us a chance to flourish some ideas and those ideas will shed light to the world leaders who will gather in Mexico and Brazil to find concrete solutions. And as a proud representative of Istanbul, I'm very honored that we had this preparation meeting for world leaders here in my own city where continents and cultures and civilizations have coexisted and merged together. And therefore I'm happy that what started back in August when Dr. Schwab came to Prime Minister Erdogan and said, Mr. Prime Minister, I understand you're not coming to Davos, but we're planning to bring Davos to you. And he said whoever comes, it's a part of our tradition to welcome our guests. You're more than welcome. And we started working with our friends, with Stephen, with Boris and everyone else and I'm very happy that we have done a fine job and I'm looking forward to the repetition of this. And welcome to Davos, Minister. I'll be there. Thank you. Thank you so much to the panel for the rich discussion. I just want to thank the World Economic Forum and Dr. Schwab in particular for giving us the opportunity as global shapers to actually speak. We're usually not very represented. So I thank you for that and I just give them a big round of applause. Thank you. And Boris, thank you. Tip O'Neill once said, all politics is local. You have a call and urge to all the participants after the reception tonight and all day tomorrow, go do your shopping here in Istanbul and tell the merchants that you're my friends. You know that Tip O'Neill, the former speaker of the host, he's also known for another story when he came back from the Congress, came to his old father in Boston and he became the speaker of the host, the most important position in US politics. And the father said to Tip O'Neill, my son, remember it's nice to be important, but it's more important to be nice. I think that is also a very wise advice. Thank you to the panel. Thank you also to the young voices of a new community at the World Economic Forum, the young shapers between 20 and 30, representing more than 50% of the population under 27 years globally. Those voices are needed. Thank you so much to the distinguished participants. You have been great and see you at the reception. Farewell reception. Don't at the swimming pool. Thank you so much.