 Photobiomodulation, PBM, is a therapy that uses red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain and reduce inflammation. The primary chromophores are cytochrome C oxidase in mitochondria and calcium ion channels. PBM can increase ADP levels, produce reactive oxygen species, ROS, and modulate calcium levels. These effects lead to improved cell survival, increased proliferation and migration, and new protein synthesis. PBM has a biphasic dose response, where low levels of light have stimulating effects while high levels have inhibitory effects. It can reduce inflammation in various parts of the body, including joints, traumatic injuries, lung disorders, and the brain. PBM can also reduce markers of M1 phenotype in activated macrophages and reactive nitrogen species and prostaglandins in animal models. This article was offered by Michael R. Hamlin. We are article.tv, links in the description below.