 Good evening aspirants welcome to the hindi news analysis brought to you by Shankara Ice Academy today I'll be covering the hindi news edition dated 9th of December 2022 here I have displayed the news articles that will be analyzed in this discussion in today's discussion we'll be discussing about certain basic concepts we'll be discussing two important bills etc at the end I also have a quiz question for you so let's get to the discussion part now so first discussion is going to be based on this news article first of all I would like to request to our viewers to ignore the background noise as you know due to the cyclone there is continuous rain in Chennai so ignore the background noise now look at this news article it talks about a bill passed by Rajesh Sabha see as you know the winter session is going on in parliament so we'll be seeing many news related to bills regularly now on this list Rajesh Sabha has passed the wildlife protection amendment bill of 2022 this bill was already passed by Lok Sabha and now it awaits the ascent of president after that it will become an act you know the process now this news article reports that the bill has been passed and also certain concerns have been raised in this bill so in this backdrop we are going to learn about the new changes proposed by the bill to the wildlife protection act we'll also see one of the major concerns in the bill okay see as I said the wildlife protection amendment bill of 2022 aims to amend the wildlife protection act of 1972 now two reasons have been cited by the government behind the introduction of this new bill one is to increase the number of species protected under the law and second one is to implement the sites convention as you know sites stands for convention on international trade in endangered species India is parted to this convention so India is obligated to take appropriate measures for enforcing the provisions of this convention and through this amendment bill this purpose will be fulfilled let us come to the main part of this discussion which is the prominent provisions in the new bill see one of the major changes introduced by the bill is the changes to the schedules currently as you know WPA 1972 that is wildlife protection act of 1972 has six schedules these schedules are for specially protected plants specially protected animals and these schedules also list the vermin species what are vermin's they are the wild animals that are believed to be harmful to crops farm animals and which carry disease so currently we have six schedules but the new bill reduces the total number of schedules to four how this is done is earlier there were four schedules relating to the specially protected animals but now this is reduced to two so overall the number of schedules is reduced and secondly what you have to notice there is another change with respect to schedules the new bill aims to remove the schedule for the vermin species and in its place a new schedule has been inserted by this bill and this new schedule is for specimens listed in the appendices under sites okay that is appendix one two and three and whatever is listed under the schedule will be called scheduled specimens now I also said that there is a schedule for the protection of plant species but there is no change made by this bill to this schedule okay so the first change is with respect to the schedules now let me come to the second major change it is related to the conservation reserves see as per the existing act section 36a and 36b deals with conservation reserves what are conservation reserves these are the areas that are adjacent to national parks and sanctuaries and also those areas which link one protected area with another so the main purpose of such conservation reserve is protecting the landscapes seascapes flora and fauna and their habitat and as per the existing act section 36a empowers the state government to declare a conservation reserve but the new bill extends this power to the central government also this is done by proposing an amendment to section 38 as you can see here the section empowers the central government to declare areas as sanctuaries or national parks but now next to national parks conservation reserve will also be added by this bill that means a power which was limited only to the state governments is extended to the central government in case of conservation reserves but what about community reserves see community reserve is any private or community land which is not within the national park sanctuary or a conservation reserve a community reserve is declared when a community or an individual has volunteered to conserve wildlife and its habitat so a community reserve is outside the national park sanctuary etc and as per the WPA 1972 the power to declare a community reserve lies within the domain of state governments only and even now this power is with the state governments only central government has no say in it because the bill does not make any amendments regarding this power so this was the second major amendment that is extending the power of declaring conservation reserves to the central government now what is the third one for the first time the new bill aims to introduce provisions regarding the invasive species see as per the bill invasive species are those species which satisfy two main criteria one is it is not native to India and second its introduction or spread may threaten or adversely impact wildlife or its habitat and such invasive alien species includes both animal species and plant species also so for the first time provisions regarding the invasive species will be introduced by the bill and the bill empowers the central government to regulate or prohibit the import trade possession or proliferation of such invasive alien species also according to the bill an officer will be appointed for this purpose by the central government and such officer will be authorized to cease as well as dispose the invasive species so these are the three new major amendments proposed by the bill now let me take up the most contentious provision in the bill it is the amendment made to section 43 of the wildlife protection act this section 43 regulates transfer of animals actually the section prohibits the sale of captive animals animal articles or trophy by the person who has its possession but at the same time when a person transfers or transports an animal animal article or a trophy but not for the purpose of sale it is to be reported to the chief wildlife warden or an authorized officer within 30 days time this means that already allows transfer of animals now what the amendment says it particularly permits the captive elephants to be transferred or transported and to be used for religious or any other purpose as you know elephants are a part of many cultural events of our country so this provision will facilitate it but then why it is criticized first reason is elephant is a schedule one animal and it enjoys high protection so the wildlife activists and animal experts are worried that such transfer and transportation allowed by the act will harm the animals more importantly as I said such transferred and transported elephants can be used for religious or any other purpose here the term any other purpose is the problem because it seems to have limitless meaning the activists fear that this would potentially increase the demand for illegal capture of wild elephants and after they capture they will be cruelly trained in crawls what are crawls see here you can see an elephant in a crawl which is a small dark wooden enclosure so the provision will lead to illegal capture of wild animals they are cruel training and it will also allow commercial trade of live elephants and that is why the activists and environmentalists are concerned about this so that is all regarding the wildlife protection amendment bill of 2022 we saw four major amendments one was the changes made to the schedules there are six schedules now it will be reduced to four schedules and the second one we saw was there will be a schedule for listing the scheduled specimens and these specimens are the ones listed in appendices of sites and then there will be no schedule for vermin species now on and then central government now has the power to declare a conservation reserve and fourthly there are new provisions regarding invasive alien species and finally captive elephants can be transferred or transported for religious or any other purposes these are the major amendments which we discussed today I hope in the coming days we'll be discussing more contentious provisions in the bill now let me move on to the next news article discussion look at this article it says Tamil Nadu is going to become climate smart state do you know what is meant by climate smart that is what we're going to see in this discussion see before seeing what is meant by climate smart or climate smart cities and states we need to know the need for it as you know cities often lack the capacity to quickly develop measures that respond to climate change this situation leaves residents especially those who are at the bottom of these socioeconomic scale vulnerable to climate change's negative effects and this is where the climate smart cities become important these cities are those which are built with infrastructure conducive to resist the effects of climate change other than this these cities also have a mechanism of reducing its carbon footprint on the atmosphere so basically a climate smart city must have four features one is having a proper green cover second a good public transport system third sound waste management strategy and fourth such a city must be resilient to any natural calamity when a city is found to be good in all these parameters we call it as climate smart city okay so let me give you some of the climate smart cities around the world first let us take the case of Bogota and Johannesburg Bogota is in Colombia and Johannesburg is in South Africa these two cities have the best rapid transit bus lanes in the world so this ultimately motivates the people to use the public transport rather than the private transport second example we can take is Singapore Singapore has one of the best low-cost housings in the world but this scheme other than providing best housing facility to its citizens it also provides a climate resilient public housing it is said that these housing uses similar structures which helps in reducing the overall heat island effects that takes place in an urban area this is due to the fact that the rooftops are petal shapes and are properly ventilated which helps in reflecting back the solar radiation so while talking about climate smart cities how can we forget the Scandinavian cities because these cities promote the use of bicycles among its citizens and among all these cities Copenhagen is the perfect example of a bicycle friendly city so all these measures are taken as part of being a climate smart city i hope you understood what is it now it is said that Tamil Nadu is going to be a climate smart city now let me take up this ad which mentions steering Tamil Nadu to a climate smart state we just know so what is meant by being climate smart but leave that and look at this sidebar this bar provides some of the important information that is relevant for problems examination you can find the important environment related current affairs in this bar yes a new elephant reserve was announced in Tamil Nadu it is the Agastiyamalli then bird sanctuaries were announced one is the Kaluveli bird sanctuary and Anjarayan bird sanctuary and we also know that India's first slender lorus wildlife sanctuary was also declared in Tamil Nadu only it is situated in Kadavur and Tamil Nadu also has the first biodiversity heritage site of our country it is situated in Aritapatti and India's first Dugong conservation reserve is also situated in Tamil Nadu and a new wildlife sanctuary was announced it is the Kaveri south wildlife sanctuary and many sites were added to the list of ramsa convention have given the ramsa sites in Tamil Nadu here you can just go through it i just wanted you to know that all these sites are present in Tamil Nadu okay this will help you in problems so with these information let us move on to the next news article discussion so let us see what this next article says this news article talks about the Jallikattu case and now the news is that a constitution bench of supreme court has reserved its judgment regarding this issue i think you know that many petitions were filed in the supreme court seeking to strike down a Tamil Nadu law which protects Jallikattu so what is it why they want to ban it let us see all these in this discussion let me begin with some basic details about Jallikattu it is a traditional sport of Tamil Nadu that involves bulls it is basically a bull taming sport you can say it is similar to the Spanish bull fights and bull runs those who watch the Hindi film Zindagi Namilegi Dabara they know about the Spanish bull run am i right so this sport is also something similar to that Jallikattu traces its history to around 2000 years ago it dates back to 400 to 100 bc this sport is seen as an event to honor the bull owners who rear the bulls for mating also in those days it was conducted to select the most suitable bridegroom because this sport involves taming the bulls so those who tame the bulls are considered suitable to marry and most particularly this traditional sport of Tamil Nadu is associated with a Tamil festival Pongal it is conducted on the third day of Pongal it is called as Marta Pongal so what happens in this sport for this you need to know what this term Jallikattu means it has two terms Jalli and Kattu Jalli means silver and gold coins and Kattu means tide so what happens is a bull is let loose among a crowd of people so whoever tames it will get the coins which is tied to its horn so the people who participate in the sport try to hold on to the animals hump to stop it and sometimes they even run along with the bull if they can tame the bull and get the coins they win but if the bull wins then the bull owner gets the price and sometimes in this festival the participants get hurt many even die see not all types of bull are used for this sport there are certain breeds that are suitable for example Pulikulam breed and Kangaim breeds are used for this sport there is one more point here see the bulls which win in the festival are in high demand in the market so they fetch the highest price and these are the bulls that are demanded for breeding also now since the festival or the sport involves bulls it was banned in the year 2014 but why it was banned suddenly after so many years it is because in a 2011 notification the central government added bulls to the list of animals whose training and exhibition was prohibited so considering this notification in the year 2014 supreme court banned this bull taming sport of Jallikattu supreme court also struck down the act which facilitated conducting of this sport it was the Tamil Nadu regulation of Jallikattu act of 2009 so this move of the supreme court created a huge uproar among the tamilians and there were many protests across the state so the governor of the state issued an ordinance that authorized the continuation of Jallikattu and after this the state government took another important step it passed the prevention of cruelty to animals Tamil Nadu amendment act of 2017 mainly this act exempted Jallikattu from the prevention of cruelty to animals act of 1960 so this enabled the continuation of the sport Jallikattu so these are the events that are related to the Jallikattu issue now let me tell you why some want this sport to be banned the first and foremost reason is the animals involved in this sport are ill treated for instance it is said that to agitate the bull the bulls are fed alcohol they're even poked with sharp objects and even chili powder is thrown on its face so such kind of cruelty is said to be done to agitate the bull so this is the first reason why activists especially organizations like PETA are demanding the ban of this sport the next reason is gambling see this sport involves a lot of money so it is said that it is going against the core objective of the sport which is bull embracing but there are also certain groups that support Jallikattu it is my duty to give you the opinions of both sides but it is up to you to decide in an examination whether you'll be supporting the sport or you'll be against it okay now let me tell you the arguments by the proponents of this sport they want the sport because they see Jallikattu as a chance for the farmers to flaunt their personal strength and the strength of the bulls and the love for the cattle and also to showcase how well they have looked after their cattle secondly it is also said that Jallikattu is a traditional way to find out the most potent bull to breed with their cows and also they say this helps the peasant community to preserve their pure breed native bulls so this ensures biodiversity and also acts as geographical indicator and fourth and most important reason given by the proponents is it is a tradition of the Tamilians and it establishes their identity of hard work self-sufficiency and power so they argue that it is a cultural heritage of the state of Tamil Nadu and therefore it is protected under article 29 clause one of the constitution article 29 deals with the protection of interests of minorities and as per clause one of this article the minorities have the right to conserve their culture now the fifth and final reason given is they say it also establishes a cordial man-animal relationship because the owner of the bull treats the bull as a member of the family so these are the arguments of the supporters of Jallikattu there is also another sport in our country called Kambala it is held in Karnataka this is an annual buffalo race and it is also banned the reason cited for its ban was the cruelty faced by the buffaloes during the race but again here also an ordinance was passed to conduct the race and even supreme court interfered and advised the farmers to go easy on the buffaloes and even advised the farmers to not use whiplash on the buffaloes and Kambala is also seen as a tradition of the state so in case of Kambala and also in case of Jallikattu they are seen as their tradition and a way of protecting their native breeds that is why a ban imposed on Jallikattu was seen as a ban on their tradition that is why it is taking a lot of time for the supreme court to decide on this issue because now it is also required to address the substantial questions related to the interpretation of constitution itself they have to decide whether it comes under the cultural heritage of the state under article 29 clause 1 or not now I have given the arguments of both sides this will help you to form a neutral opinion on this issue as an aspirant you should be able to do that so I hope my purpose is fulfilled here I have given you a comprehensive discussion on Jallikattu so with these informations in mind let us move on to the next news article discussion let us take up this news article now it says the Maulana as a national fellowship has been discontinued see this fellowship offered scholarship for students from the minority communities and this fellowship was launched as part of implementing the Sachar panel recommendations so are we going to see about the fellowship no we'll rather focus on the Sachar panel recommendations see this committee that is the Sachar committee was appointed by the then prime minister Manmohan Singh in the year 2005 it was headed by former chief justice of Delhi High Court Rajendra Sachar its main purpose was to look into these socio-economic conditions of Muslims in India so after looking at these conditions it prepared a report titled social economic and education status of Muslim community of India this report presented a major finding which was Muslims constitute 14 percentage of the Indian population at that time and they only comprise 2.5 percentage of the Indian bureaucracy so on a whole to improve the living conditions of Muslims in India the committee gave 76 recommendations these recommendations were based on how to remove hurdles that prevent Indian Muslims from fully participating in the economic life political life and social mainstream of Indian life to name some let me read out some of the recommendations the commission recommended to set up an equal opportunity commission to look into the grievances of deprived groups like minorities a bill was even passed to set up this commission but after that it was forgotten so as of now there is no equal opportunity commission i think i'm right then it also recommended to create a nomination procedure to increase the participation of minorities in public bodies more importantly it even suggested to work out mechanisms to link the mother sars with higher secondary school board it even suggested to recognize the degrees from these mother sars for eligibility in banking examination defense and civil examinations so like this many other suggestions were provided by this committee i have given here you can just go through it so overall the government actually accepted these 72 recommendations subsequently it even passed many policy decisions related to the education skill development for muslim youths in india but it is said that governments actions were mainly focused on improving the standard of education among Muslims in india and this fellowship which is all in the news was one of them so that is all about this achar committee you can use these points in your main sansa writing whenever you talk about the upliftment of minorities because this is one such important panel that was focused on the minorities so these points in mind now let us move on to the next discussion so shall we take up an editorial for discussion if you'd have seen today's newspaper you can say that it is full of election news only even the editorial page is filled with it so i have taken this editorial article that talks about far right ideology but why suddenly it is in news now suddenly it is in news because of germany see yesterday 25 people were arrested in germany in a nationwide crackdown these 25 people were accused of being part of extremist groups who are planning to overthrow the german state here the most surprising fact about this crackdown is these 25 people included a sitting judge a former commander of elite paratroopers and also a former police officer so many top officers of the country are said to be involved in extremist group and that is why they were arrested see the far right ideology is one of the major issues faced by many countries now therefore we need to know what is it and we'll also see the issues associated with it finally we'll conclude by saying what germany should do to address this problem before that note down the syllabus that is given here so let us begin with the big question of what is far right ideology it is an ideology characterized by anti-democratic opposition towards equality yes it is a ideology that is a combination of two factors one is the anti-democratic attitudes and the second one is protection of social hierarchies see here anti-democratic attitudes means they are opposed to the theories or policies of democracy so this is seen as the extreme aspect of far right ideology on the other hand defending these social hierarchies is seen as the right-wing aspect so because of these aspects the far right ideology is also referred to as extreme right or right-wing extremism let me simplify it more see in this particular ideology the national community is defined as ethnic and exclusionary that is only those who belong to their own race belong to the people of the nation this is what they think that means the right-wing extremists they believe that their people their nation and their so-called race is superior to others and they are prepared to enforce this view by using violence also so this is the right-wing aspect of this ideology or we can say the first aspect of this ideology thinking that their national community is ethnic and exclusionary the second aspect is extremism that is the ideology strives to overthrow the democratic system and wants to create a dictatorship because of these dominating elements we can say that the ideology is often associated with many other things like anti-semitism racism xenophobia exclusionary nationalism authoritarianism and even conspiracy theories here i think you know anti-semitism means the hostility or prejudice against Jewish people and xenophobia is the dislike or prejudice against people from other countries so from this explanation about far right ideology itself you would have found many issues with this ideology it mainly produces a set of enemies these enemies are seen as a threat against the survival of their nation their culture or their race but the question is those who are termed as enemies are they really the enemies no because they are the immigrants ethnic and religious minorities those who are against racism fascism and also the left-wing supporters are considered enemies by the right-wing extremist people so this shows the conservative nature of proponents of this ideology and due to this conservative nature they also exhibit widespread contempt for other communities like LGBTQ community feminists homeless people and even disabled persons another major issue with this ideology is they target a particular group of people see some of the most prevalent conspiracy theories on the extreme right identify Jews and Muslims as their key enemies so this has led to oppression political violence forced assimilation ethnic cleansing and even genocide against these particular group of people what is forced assimilation here it means forcing an ethnic community or religious minority group to adopt a particular language norms customs traditions etc etc of a larger community those who belong to dominant culture and this is done by the government itself this forced assimilation even includes the enforcement of a new language and legislation education literature and worshipping like what happened just before the Sri Lankan civil war ethnic cleansing we have heard it many times it refers to the systematic forced removal of ethnic groups racial and religious groups from a given area here the intent is to make a region ethnically homogeneous in nature so based on all this if we even say that the right-wing extremism is a politically motivated violent behavior then it is also not wrong it's because the ideology justifies violent behavior within our democratic system we have examples from history that shows far right politics can i name one it includes fascism Nazism etc yes Nazism it is a far right ideology and politics so no wonder why Germany is facing issues related to far right ideology right but do you know Germany is a parliamentary democracy now it is no more a nazi country then what is the issue the issue is there is rise of several far right networks in Germany and these far right networks are having influence over serving members and retired members of the security agencies and state branches of Germany so this has raised concerns for example we saw in the beginning that 25 members were arrested it is said that among these 25 members there were members of Reichsburger also see this Reichsburger is a label for several far right groups and individuals in Germany these groups reject the legitimacy of the modern german state and they favor german reich or the post-war german state so in english we call this group as reich citizens movement or the citizens of reich it is said that this group was planning to attack the bundestag and wanted to bring down the government through a coup bundestag is nothing but the german federal parliament so by attacking the parliament they wanted to bring down the government and after that they wanted to establish a new empire modeled around the pre first world war imperial state and as i said the 25 members who were arrested included top officials of the germany but it did not go as planned rather it backfired as a result of which 25 members were arrested what you need to focus is all these reflect one main thing germany has witnessed the coming together of anti-semitic extremists from various sectors of society for a longer time and these extremists are motivated by conspiracy theories and also a longing for a imperial era they're not worried about their group's actual strength and capacity but still they are prepared to use force to overthrow the democratic german state this is what is happening in germany so basically germany is facing two types of far right challenges one is posed by the extremist groups like reichsburger and the other is by the main streaming of far right politics that is the top officials of germany are involved in far right politics because of this only even last year the germany government partially disbanded its elite special forces unit called as commando special crafty it is said that this partial disbandment happened after witnessing extremism within the highest ranks of this unit so the far right politics have invaded crucial arms of the government now how germany should tackle this issue germany is infamous for its horrific nazi past it has strong laws in place to combat extremist threats but despite its precautions far right groups are still gaining momentum so according to the author of the editorial article germany should make sure that the state institutions are not infiltrated by extremists otherwise they will bring down the government from inside itself and as part of this germany should also continue to suppress far right networks like reichsburger after this it should tackle the far right ideology politically this is how it should go according to the author of this editorial do you have any other ideas about how germany should act now post your ideas in the comment section so in this discussion we saw about far right ideology what are the issues in it we saw how germany is facing issues due to far right extremism and we can say it is going to be a tough task considering germany's nazi past so with all these points in mind let us move on to the next news article discussion now this news article talks about another bill called as the energy conservation amendment bill see this bill was introduced yesterday in the rajeshapa so let us see some of the important provisions of this bill the bill aims to amend the energy conservation act of 2001 and it wants to promote energy efficiency and energy conservation how see the bill seeks to establish carbon markets it also wants to enhance the scope of energy conservation building code it also wants to amend penalty provisions in the act and finally it also seeks to increase the number of members in the governing council of the bureau of energy efficiency this was the overview now as i said it wants to establish carbon markets but what is this carbon market for that you need to know about carbon trading what happens in carbon trading is governments set an overall limit or cap on the amount of emissions that are allowed from significant sources of carbon that is there will be a limit on how much you can emit carbon here the sources of carbon would include the power industry automotive industry and even air travel what the government will do is it will issue permits up to the agreed limit and these limits are either given free or even auctioned to companies so here if a company controls its own carbon significantly then it can trade the excess permits on the carbon market for cash but if it does not limit its emissions then it may have to buy extra permits so here the carbon markets turn the emissions reductions and emissions removals into tradable assets here we can trade the carbon emission permits so what the bill says see the bill empowers the central government to specify a carbon credit trading system or scheme the entities which are registered under the scheme can obtain carbon credit certificates from the central government or any authorized agencies such entities are also entitled to trade these certificates but remember the carbon credit cannot be exported it could only be used domestically but this condition is only until India fulfills its promises that were made at COP 21 and COP 26 okay along with this the bill also forces in some way to use non-fossil sources of energy see under the energy conservation act of 2001 central government is already empowered to specify energy consumption standards now the bill has made some additions to this now the government may mandate the designated consumers to meet a minimum share of energy consumption from non-fossil sources additionally different consumption thresholds may be specified for different non-fossil sources and consumer categories but they may be mandated to meet this minimum share of energy consumption using non-fossil sources but what if the consumer fails to meet the obligation then they will be punished with the penalty of up to 10 lakh rupees okay that is why I said the bill forces in some way to use non-fossil sources of energy so overall through these provisions the bill promotes energy efficiency and energy conservation so in this discussion we saw some of the important provisions maybe in the coming days we'll see other important provisions from the bill with these points in mind let us move on to the next news article discussion so for our last discussion let me take up this text and context article it talks about remittances according to the article remittances to India is said to touch a record 100 billion dollars in the year 2022 in 2021 India just received 89.4 billion dollars as remittances this data is according to world bank's latest release called remittances brave global headwinds but do you know why remittances are important let us find out now for that we need to understand the meaning of remittance simply it denotes a sum of money sent by one party to another but the context which we are using is the money that is sent by someone who is working abroad to their family back home in India okay but does India need it yes it is because it helps in the growth of countries GDP see the remittances that is the money that is received by the families are spent mostly on gross domestic products in their home country only that is in India itself so this helps in the growth of countries GDP other than that there are also other needs for such remittances for example it fulfills the needs of the recipients that is the families it helps them during their toughest times for example it is said that during COVID-19 the remittances to India actually increased and these remittances also play a role in reducing poverty because the remittances reach the rural poor and using this money they improve their livelihoods increase their resilience and also achieve their goals but particularly if we take growth how does it happen using remittances see these remittances help in starting new small-scale businesses so it fosters entrepreneurship how it is done because these money replaces the credit constraints which normally we face they need not look for credits from other financial institutions rather they can simply rely on these remittances and also because remittances are money it helps in giving better education and for having better health the recipients can easily meet their health needs and education related expenses which in turn helps in the growth of the nation so I hope you understood how it helps in the growth so now let's come to the question of the largest sources of remittances to India obviously the Gulf Cooperation Council countries are at the top this includes UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait apart from them India also receives a considerable amount of remittances from USA and UK but can these remittances turn to be negative actually yes because if they get large amounts of remittances then it might discourage the beneficiaries from working that is why it is said that the extent of positive impact of remittances depends on the income level of the receiving country okay in this discussion we saw about the basics of remittances and why it is needed and how it helps in growth so with this news article discussion we are moving to the next session which is the practice questions discussion session let me take up this first question which of the following is or are the advantages of carbon markets first encourages less carbon intensive lifestyle second stimulates innovation third enables greenwashing see the carbon markets effectively encourage less carbon intensive lifestyle right because you can trade your carbon permits and obviously it stimulates innovation because more innovation will be done to bring in products or measures that will reduce emissions then what about greenwashing see greenwashing refers to a process in which companies falsely market their green credentials for example misrepresenting climate neutral products or services in the market so is this the advantage no it is the disadvantage of carbon markets so the correct answer to this question is option d1 and 2 only now the second question i have taken this from prelims 2022 paper with reference to indian laws about wildlife protection consider the following statements first statement wild animals are the sole property of the government see actually this question was asked in prelims because last year itself the amendment to wildlife protection act was introduced in loksaba so here upc rather than asking about the amendment it stuck with the static knowledge about wildlife protection act so is first statement right yes it is correct because according to the act every wild animal other than vermin which is hunted shall be the property of state government and if such animal is hunted in a sanctuary or national park then it will be a property of central government and even in a verdict given by bombay high court it was said that wild animals including tigers should be treated as government property for all purposes so statement one is correct and here if you look the question also asks us to choose the correct statements only you can eliminate options b and d now either 2 is right or 3 is right let me read out the second statement when a wild animal is declared protected such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside the statement is right because here the wild animal is declared protected not where it is present the act does not discriminate between animals found in protected areas and outside just mentions that this animal is protected so wherever it is in India it is protected that is why statement is correct so the correct answer is option a one and two let us also see third statement apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing see if a wild animal becomes danger to human life or is diseased or disabled beyond recovery then only it can be allowed to be captured or killed by the competent authority just mere apprehension or fear that a wild animal could endanger human life as mentioned in the statement is not a ground for capture or killing just because you are afraid of tiger you cannot say that it should be captured or killed but on the other hand if that tiger enters a human settlement and endangers human life then it can be captured okay now let me take the next question it is a pair based question on one side different committees are given on the other side the recommendations of these committees are given first pair is HOTA committee civil service reformation this pair is correct only PC HOTA headed the committee that was constituted in the year 2004 he was a former UPSC chairman and the committee headed by him recommended that the age for entrance to the higher civil services should be between 21 to 24 years and the relaxation should be provided to candidates belonging to OBC communities schedule tribe and schedule cast communities so first pair is right second pair MULLA committee jail reforms yesterday i think we saw about jail reforms in a discussion this statement is also correct it is related to prison reforms only this committee even identified the rights of prisoners pair 2 is also correct now let me take the third pair Balwanthrai Mehta committee center state relations this is incorrect because this committee gave recommendation regarding panchayatraj institutions it is not related to center state relations since one pair is incorrect you can eliminate option D and since two pairs are correct you can eliminate option A also now fourth pair Suresh Tendulkar committee methodology of poverty calculation yes this is correct Tendulkar committee is known for its recommendation regarding poverty estimation in India so three pairs are correct therefore the correct answer to this question is option C three pair only here i have given the quiz question for you go through the question we have discussed some of these sites in our past discussions already if you find the correct answer post it in the comment section now let's take the mains practice question for today both are simple questions but among them one is a question that was asked in mains 2020 try to answer these questions and post it in the comment section whenever we get time we'll review your answer so this brings us to the end of today's session if you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and also subscribe to our Shankar IS Academy youtube channel for getting regular updates regarding current affairs i'll meet you all next week thank you