 Electrochemical biosensors have become increasingly popular due to their ability to detect and measure biological and environmental analytes. These sensors can be either portable or wearable, making them ideal for point-of-care applications. They rely on the use of electrodes made from different materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal oxides, to detect changes in electrical current when exposed to analyte molecules. Additionally, these sensors can be designed to be stable and reliable by optimizing the surface chemistry of the electrode material and the immobilization of biomolecules. This review discusses the advantages of using certain electrode materials and the correlation between surface chemistry and biomolecule immobilization. This article was authored by K. Thyagarogen and Young Joon Kim.