 Today, this is Mark. I'm doing just great. Thanks for asking. After the hurricane hit the town, there was little left standing. I chose not to go to the party, although my friends were all going. As technology changes over time, I cannot keep up with it. She had to save money because she wanted to travel in the summer. Before they even knew it, they were crossing the frontier. In this lesson, we're going to talk about before, because, as, although, and after. Subordinating conjunctions. So stating conjunctions. If you want to review that lesson, you may do so by clicking here. Why then have I decided to review subordinating conjunctions? Conjunctions in general are very important when you write a composition or when you write a letter. Subordinating conjunctions are very important. But what are conjunctions in general? Are words that join two parts of a sentence or a phrase to a phrase to make a sentence together? Subordinating conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent ones. So just like my example, after the hurricane hit the town, there was little left standing. After the hurricane hit the town is a dependent clause. So it cannot mean anything if you leave it without the other part of the sentence. So the other clause. If I said after the hurricane hit the town, doesn't mean anything. We need something else. Instead, there was little left standing. We can have that sentence alone. We don't need anything else. There was little left standing is an independent clause. So I could even say there was little left standing after the hurricane hit the town. So we can exchange the order of the clauses. The other example that I listed was I chose not to go to the party although my friends were all going. Although means in spite of the fact. And this is the dependent clause. So we need another clause to mean something to the sentence, to give a meaning to the sentence. So I chose not to go to the party although my friends were all going I chose not to go to the party. Is the same order. So I chose not to go to the party is an independent clause. Although my friends were all going is an independent clause. The third example that I gave you was as technology changes over time, I cannot keep up with it. As in this case means for the reason that. So as technology changes over time is the dependent clause. And I cannot keep up with it. So is an independent clause in this case. And obviously we can change the order. The other example was she had to save some money because she wanted to travel in the summer. Because right here dependent clause. And the independent clause would be she had to save some money. So we don't need another clause to have the whole meaning of the sentence. It could be, it could stand by itself. The last example that I gave you was before the even new it they were crossing the frontier. They were crossing the frontier is the independent clause. Before the even new it is the dependent clause. So before the even new it is also an idiom and it means immediately. As you can see from all these sentences when we have the conjunction. In this case the subordinating conjunction in the clause. That means that we need something else. So is a dependent clause. We need another part of the clause to complete a meaning of the sentence. So now let's recap. Subordinating conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent clauses. In this lesson we looked at five subordinating conjunctions as although, after, before and because. Thank you very much for watching. I hope you enjoyed the lesson. If you want to type your own example you may do so under this video. Don't forget to share it to share the lesson if you liked it. And I see you next week with a new lesson. Take care. Have a great day. Bye bye.