 All right. Dave, whenever you say go. We're good to go. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. This is a public meeting of the Massachusetts gaming commission. We're holding this meeting virtually so I will do, I will call. Good morning, commissioner. Good morning. I'm here. Good morning, commissioner Hill. Good morning. I'm here. Good morning, commissioner Skinner. Good morning. Good morning, commissioner Mayer. Good morning. All right, we'll get started. Today is a public meeting number 504 and it's really depth. Designed to hear from our sports retreat operators. So I'm going to turn right to. Director Bamb and manager motion to get started and to our guests. Thank you so much. Okay, I'll turn it over to crystal. I'm going to quickly turn it over to Curtis. Are you guys all set Curtis? I see you. Yeah. Looks like your team is here. They're going to kick off with today's series of quarterly for quarter for reports. Good morning, commissioners. Can everyone see the presentation? We can. Thank you. Okay. Good morning again. And thank you for the opportunity to present RQ for report today. Thank you for joining me. Caesar's team. Yeah. Excuse me there. The rapper senior vice president of corporate social responsibility. Lisa Rankin, our VP of compliance and licensing. Under the weather today. I won't be joining Dave Schult. Our VP of procurement. Caroline lay you again. Our responsible gaming program director was also under the weather today and won't be joining. We'll be joining the director of diversity, equity and inclusion, as well as myself. So to start, we'll look at our revenue for Q4. And as shown on this slide here, we did pretty well in the quarter. However, November here. Was a favorable month for customers, especially on. Same game parlays. There was believe a. The Cowboys game in November, which had a record setting. Payout. Number of touchdown scored in that game was just a lot there. So that accounts for that number. So. So once again, leave it up to the Cowboys to just ruin everything for everyone. Are there any questions? I'm sure I'm going to be prohibited by the state of Texas after this presentation. It's not like it's public or anything. Fair enough. Any questions on this side? Slide. I'm sorry. We actually know that we all really appreciated that line. So thank you. No, no problem. Okay. If there's nothing else, I'll turn it over to Greg to discuss work force. Diversity. I'm very chambered. So I'd like to. Provide updates. With our workforce diversity. I'd like to re-emphasize. Celebrating and supporting our individual. Members by championing. Equitable policies that fostered inclusion. So our policies and efforts are designed to encourage the broadest diverse representation. So we've set goals. Gender. And racial parity. And I know we presented this. But I wanted to highlight what those goals are. For. And that is for women. 50% of leadership roles. By women within both from mid-level and senior level leadership positions. And then on the racial ethnic. Times. 50% of leadership roles. By people of color. And then we also committed to increasing the representation of people of color. And senior leadership. By 50%. So our commitment to these goals. Remains solid. As we grow the organization going forward. We'll ensure we present. And remember development processes. Our lines. With our stated goals. And so we plan to achieve our goal. Through a range of actions that. Provide. And of course in our culture. And across all communication and training channels. And then ensuring that we have access. To your development programs. And ensuring that our hiring types. I think I'm going to take three hours. And. So. The next slide though. So this slide is a breakdown of our support for employee population. And. We want to provide. The diversity. Of its own. That supports. Our message. So this is a representation. Of. 1555. Can remember. Of a whole. And as you'll see. Provide. And write down. With. Well. As well as. For different categories. For representation. So. A couple that I'd like to point out there. So. On the minority side. You'll see. We have. 40% representation. I was going to present. Executive level role. And. 39% manager. Super. Right. You'll see. We have 40% representation. I was going to present. Executive level role. And. 39% manager. Super. Right. Additionally. The next column is. When. Represent. 10% of those. And then. Another 20%. And manager. Supervisor. And. We also put in there are veterans. So. We have a number of. As veterans. However. Remember. Require to this. For this. So this is just what. And then. Where's our representation from Massachusetts. And we will see that we have. Six. So, before I take this file over to Gary, of course, the quality of emergency and question models. Commissioner, is there any questions for Greg? Thank you. And I'll be back shortly when it's back. A spotlight on your charitable giving, but for now I'll send it over to Dave first. Thank you, commissioners. First, I'd like to apologize in the day of technology. Of course, the video does not work consistently and today is one of those days. I'm not sure if it has to do with the outage that's going on or just our zoom. This slide basically just reconfirms what we had presented last quarter that we were developing a diversity 101 document and a diversity playbook to be used internally to enhance our visibility to the to throughout our internal stakeholders and teams largely within strategic sourcing and procurement. I'm happy to tell you that those documents have been completed and have been approved. And I will be able to share those through Curtis later after this call, and he can send them out to the commission for for your review. And please keep in mind that these are living breathing documents that of course as our business changes. So will the playbook, which is a quick reference guide to us folks in sourcing of what regulations and diversity goals we have within jurisdictions. Next slide please Curtis. And also happy to say that in the Q for for 23 you'll see that our diversity spin took another bump up from the third quarter. That is largely due to some greater visibility in non regulated markets and providing those strategic sourcing leaders with the opportunity to utilize diverse suppliers throughout the country. We are focused on 2024 to improve upon this number. And so far we're off to a good start in the first quarter of 2024. As I stated, the documents the 101 document and the playbook have been completed and approved. And I will share those with the commission after this presentation. Curtis. Okay. Thank you Dave. But before we proceed any questions for Dave on vendor diversity. Okay, if not, thank you. Okay. Next slide we have our statistics as it relates to underage access on our platform. Our determination for this is was we did a system search for underage accounts as well as we flag KYC's which required additional review. So as you can see on this slide here and known was identified for the quarter. But we will certainly continue to use all of our resources that we have and analytics to identify anyone underage using our platform, understanding that it's an important issue, both for us operators and for the commission. So with that, any questions on this slide. Yeah, go right ahead. Part of this is Commissioner Hill. I see the chart but what I don't see and I just want to remember total underage users reported to us so I guess my question was going to be and maybe this answers it in that particular column. What investigations did you do looking into this issue over the last quarter. Was it really zero. Yes, to my understanding there we didn't have any that warranted it additional review. Nobody reached out and said we think this is happening. My son did this something. Nope, not to my knowledge now. Okay. You will. Okay, next slide for play management reporting. Since this really is Caesar's. We just started reporting on this item in q for we thought a month over month comparison was a good review since you know we don't have much history to look at. So on this slide, some fairly balanced patron numbers that use the wager and deposit limitations. We have an increase as you can see on RG related clicks. Cool offs how to jump in November, significant jump in November. Again, since we just started this, we need a little more history to work with to draw better insight on what's happening. But we believe that in November with NBA NFL HL those seasons all active. They were just more wagering options for patrons to choose a cool off from any questions on this slide. Okay, if not moving on to responsible gaming. We noted 77 vse enrollees and those restricted in our system at the end of the quarter. We participated in two problem gambling activities in q for us shown in this slide. But again efforts toward the end of the year tend to wind down, but in 2024 with a problem gambling awareness month in March and other efforts. Caesar's just looks forward to adding more and responsible gaming comes you to any questions on this slide. Moving with lottery for lottery we had talks with the lottery commission on some promotional ideas and we're making great progress there. The next steps at this point we're working on a marketing strategy internally and to implement something within the next few months so the update. We look forward to providing the commission a more detailed update on our progress comes you to any questions on lottery. Curtis, do you mind going back to the screen right beforehand and you, you may have explained it but I may not have heard. Yes, the enrollees seven were added and then as 1231 they were 77. That's essentially the same number the scs that come from the state from you guys. We're just met that second bullets just confirming within our GT. system. What we recognize as also restricted from Massachusetts. Okay, thanks so the number is 77. Yes, the number 77. Correct. Thank you, which is consistent seems like that's a consistent number we're seeing. Thank you. You're welcome. Okay. Nothing a lottery. I'll pass it back over to Greg for community outreach. Thank you. So before I get to this slide here, I do want to mention last year. We made your last year we have mentioned to you that we support the military. Massachusetts military support foundation. We also have reconfirmed that support with them for 2024. I think we're excited about that and working with the on there too. But then I'd also like to point out the terrible contribution that is on this slide here. So, last year we've lost the season makes change program which offers guests the option to contribute to the terrible organization by donating their change when they are redeeming their slides against having an RT ticket for your show. So, participating properties offer up to three charity options at the RT machine one of those charities is a verified wide charity selected by the CSR King and then the other two are selected by that local property. And so, in the first kind of wide charity selected we chose the wheel on wheels broke of America program through June of 2023. And at that point we have received $1 million or they have received $1 million between donations. And in total since the start of the mission there's been more than $2 million raised to support social causes and deliver on the change across the country so for a first time once we're very, very happy to see this. Thank you, Greg. So with that, that concludes a serious presentation. But as always, there are any additional questions or inquiries regarding our presentation here feel free to reach out to the folks on this slide here. Thank you, Commission for your time. Thanks, Christina I'm just taking the. Sorry. I'll go down and we'll just do a quick check in. Thanks so much commissioners. Any questions for Curtis and Caesars. I'm just going to check I mean, Commissioner Ryan. You also know, I'm also thank you. Okay, excellent. Thank you. Thanks Curtis. Nice to see you. You as well. Thank you. Thanks for your report. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. Okay. Yeah. Next on the agenda, we have better. And Robert is here though I hear he is also and well so apparently we're hosting a bunch of sick people. I'm going to pull up the report one second. So Robert you're not feeling well. No ma'am and good morning. I'm really sorry. We'll try to make this as pain free as possible. And Commissioner Brian is on off on visual that she's listening away. Thanks, Crystal. Okay. Thank you for your assistance crystal. Again, it's my name is Robert Warren. I'm the compliance leader better. It's my pleasure to be able to present to you guys. This is our final quarterly report. All right. These are the revenue numbers. If you don't have any questions, we'll go to the next slide. Workforce diversity. In Q4, we made efforts to increase our recruiting pipeline with a diverse candidate pool which included women minorities and veterans. This resulted in six additional females joining the organization on our engineering finance and operations team. Regardless of us exiting the market we're going to continue to engage in various communities to increase our diversity, equity and inclusion efforts. Next slide. I've been to a supplier and vendor overview. 84% of our partners identify as small businesses. Next, with 17.32% identifying as women owned businesses. You can go to the next slide. I'm going to give you an overview of the breakdown of identification when it comes to Native American Hispanic Asian Pacific American African American and Alaska Native or Indian tribe. The orange and I want to make sure that I speak clearly this time because I believe last time I kind of gave up some confusing information the orange represents the Massachusetts operations spent. We would spend on our Massachusetts operations, which is not specifically to Massachusetts based businesses but it's towards the overall operations in Massachusetts. All right. That shows that it that you're spent as a total was just short of 10% Robert is that there. Yes, ma'am. So, Massachusetts will miss them. Yes, ma'am. All right. Thank you. You know, as I think about the impact of the sports wagering market. I mentioned it. I think it's on Tuesday. Yeah. It was Wednesday. The I'll miss the product better. Right. The diversity abroad. And here, we've got a little bit commissioners a loss of about 10% of their overall. Operational spent. Is that your overall operational spend or your discretion. Okay. Thank you. That's something. All right, for compliance. There were no cases of minor slash underage access to our platform during the reporting period. However, we did have a case of suspected account take over that we reported to the MGC. Specifically in regards to a complaint that came into the MGC that we were investigating. And while investigating this complaint, we realized that there were some KYC changes that that warranted some further investigation and upon investigating, you know, the individual who made the complaint decided not to respond to anything else anymore, which is just a it's a telltale sign of some type of nefarious activity. So we went ahead and created the report and sent it off to the MGC. But we, outside of that, we didn't have any cases of minor slash account takeover related to Massachusetts operations. Any questions for Robert on this. Okay, thank you. All right, responsible game. And as you can see, I think to sum this up in the best way possible. Our default deposit limit doesn't seem to create any type of barrier for for people who want to play on the platform. They play regardless of the deposit limit being in place. And you can see this by 39, you know, overall 40% of our user base being engaged in a deposit limit and still actively engaged in the product. Yep, and this is just some data about the timeouts. But, you know, the strong the stronghold here on responsible game is the default deposit limit. And Madam chair just echo some of what you've said in terms of betters departure. I, I was really intrigued by that limit and it's an interesting stat that you're putting up be interesting to follow you guys and other jurisdictions, you know, if that holds up that's a really, really good RG piece of information. Thank you, ma'am. Thank you. I don't know if anybody else does similar reporting, Robert, but it's the stats go this way it's, it's very good information. Thank you, ma'am. Um, when we say we had zero VSE and rollies this quarter, better. Specifically, we don't count the the enrollees that enroll in other places and then, you know, by regulation we have to exclude them. We only accounting in this section, individuals who have reached out to us and said that they want to enroll into the VSE program. So this is why you see the number zero here, but of course, for the regulation everyone that enrolls in the program is excluded on our on our platform as well. And that's, that's the end of our presentation. Yeah, if you have any questions just let me know. If you have any questions for Robert and then we'll let him go get a big cup of tea. Thank you. Sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, but you're calling me I moved too quickly. I just want to say thank you and thank you for joining and walking us through this. And, you know, thank you for being part of the Commonwealth and and being so professional and everything that you've done. Thank you, sir. Thank you. I would echo what commissioner manor said, I guess that there were a number of RG tools that better brought in that nobody else did. And so to your point maybe nobody else does the reporting but I'm, I'm still going to be interested in following how that works and other jurisdictions because I do think that it is. It's a good way. So I wish them well in that regard and their other jurisdictions. Thank you, ma'am. I'll set, which is getting Christian Hill. Feel better and thank you for just going to feel better and again I think we'll just echo the remarks of my colleagues. We were happy to have better apply. We're happy to have you do business. And we thank you for your professionalism and for your innovations. From the start, I spot solid as innovative. And we do wish you well in the other markets and as I think it was noted on to on Wednesday morning, perhaps she'll be back. I know you'll thank you. Massachusetts market. So thank you. Absolutely. It's been our pleasure and thank you and good luck to you all in the Commonwealth. Thank you. Appreciate it. Okay, feel better. Yeah crystal we've got a whole lot of sickness. Just like their virtual germs. Virtual germs but I was feeling that his pain. All right, next. All right, I see Mike and do you have the rest of your team? Are you set Mike? I know we're rolling right along today. Are you are you feeling well? I feel great. Say when you probably getting very little sleep with the baby. He is a whole four months old. Yeah, so that's still a baby. He's always concerned we're going to hear the children but I said they love hearing the children. Yeah, we do love hearing children and and any any pets. We have never had a fish or a reptile join us. That'd be fun. I would not approve of a reptile. I can help you with that one. We can go to my mom's house and I'll pull out the tortoise one time. It's very large actually. All right, so we should be set in one second. We see in the screen. Yeah. Great. Thanks, Crystal again for for driving our presentation. Good morning, Madam Chair, commissioners, O'Brien, Hill, Skinner and Maynard and MGC staff. My name is Mike Levine, Senior Regulatory Council here at Fanatic Spending and Gaming. Before you again to present our Q4 2023 results in the Commonwealth. With me today are Steph Althouse, our director of HR and Anthony D'Angelo, our responsible gaming senior manager. Here you'll see here are our Q4 results in Massachusetts. Our sports wagering revenue was about 2.9 million. And the sports wagering taxes remitted to the Commonwealth was around $571,000. These numbers reflect those are previously submitted to the MGC and detailed in our revenue reports on the MGC website. Now I'm going to pass it off to Steph and she'll talk about some of our workforce diversity initiatives. Thank you, Madam Chair. Yes. Can we go back to the screen just up and I just want to take a little look at it and just give me about 30 seconds if you don't mind. I have no question. I just wanted to look at it a little further. Thank you. Okay. Thank you. Great. All set. I'll jump in. Good morning, everybody. Thanks for having us this morning. Let's get into the metrics first for Q4. In that middle layer there we saw, or the bottom layer we saw a steady level of metrics quarter over quarter. We did see a little bit of a decrease in the exact level and that was mainly due to just shifting around the senior leadership capacity but we do intend to keep focus on our representation at that level. Overall we did see an increase in numbers in all four categories for the manager and supervisor level. So the biggest jump was in the women category and we went from 20 to 32% quarter over quarter. Next slide, please. Awesome. Thank you. Fnaticus Global Impact Pillars are also our team of culture and talent. We also have an idea program which is inclusion, diversity, equity and advocacy. So the philosophy behind idea is that we strive to reflect all communities where everyone feels empowered to bring their true authentic selves to work each day. We understand that diversity isn't just about race or gender and it's also about the things you can see and you cannot see such as religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, veteran status, family status, etc. You'll see there we have our fans or Fnaticus Alliance Network. So I added a picture this time. I'm a little more visual. So added some color to the slide. But essentially we have Family First, Pride, Global Black Alliance, Veterans, Multicultural and WIN which is Women's Initiative Network. Fnaticus has a multitude of benefits that support employees in many facets of their life. Just a few to call out around travel benefit for reproductive care. So we understand that by state by state and legislator there might be differing laws or practices that may prevent employees from being able to easily obtain access to the healthcare support that they need. So our goal here is to offer comprehensive access to quality healthcare for employees seeking things such as reproductive care, medical treatments, fertility treatments, adoption support and more. And then we also have critical healthcare support when we're looking for advanced quality medical services and perhaps it's not available within 100 miles of an employee's home. So we are looking to provide reimbursement for travel expenses, airfare, lodging, and then also provide coverage under this for things such as cancer treatments, transplant surgery, gender affirming procedures and more. Next slide, please. I'm going to say that's wonderful. We get a lot of good feedback on that and it is used so it's something that's a little newer to Fnaticus and we do pride ourselves on that. Thank you. Okay, so as it pertains to recruitment and retention, we do have that two-fold approach on our DEI efforts. So first is recruiting. So we believe in the power of representation and diversity of thought. We do partner with numerous organizations to cast a wide net and attract a diverse pool of candidates. We continue to focus on sourcing strategy to deliver more diverse slates for each open position that we have. So again, some of these are just recruiting events in HBCU or historically black colleges and universities. I engage in in diverse own professional development orgs and then developing our global recruitment team that we have at Fnaticus to expand consideration of diverse backgrounds and experiences and even to reach new audiences. And then second to that is around development. So our employees have access to a world-class leadership and development training. That includes the importance of things such as inclusion, diversity, equity advocacy and training in different topics such as preventing harassment and discrimination and managing biases for both employee level and people manager level. And a few bullet points to note that that occurred this past quarter. Fnatic spending and gaming introduced the process within our tech TA efforts by which we initiated a skills-based screening prior to submitting any candidate into the interview round. So the intent here is to reduce unconscious bias within the interview process or any interview loops. And then a few of our engineers attended and presented at the 2023 Grace Hopper celebration of women in computing. And then for those who don't know what Grace Hopper is, it's a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interest of women in computing to the forefront. And it is the world's largest gathering of women and non-binary technologists. And then lastly, the company all got together from each individual operating company and allocated funds to budget for Seacout. So Seacout is essentially a program and a platform for talent acquisition where we'll be able to understand a little bit more of our metrics and building out diverse pipelines. It provides expansive reporting and education to those that are utilizing it. So super excited for that to come along for us. I got a chair. Sure. Sorry to interrupt you, Stephanie. Just want to give you a shout out to those to you on your diversity initiatives. Keep up the good work. Thank you so much, Commissioner. I really appreciate that. Thank you, commissioners. So reflected here is our vendor and diversity vendor spend. As it relates to Massachusetts, our total vendor spend this quarter was $393,630.59. As Steph detailed in her previous slides here at FBG, we are committed to cultural diversity and increasing opportunities for diverse businesses. The total diversity overall spend for Q4 was approximately $1.18 million. Excuse me, $1.75 million. That being said, I will pass it off to Anthony to discuss our G initiatives. Thank you, Mike. Good morning, Madam Chair, commissioners and members of the MGC. I'm Anthony D'Angelo. I'm Fanatics's responsible gaming lead. So we'll start off with our underage report metrics. We added a column based on feedback that highlights individuals who were either found sports raging or attempting on our platform, just to call out these are individuals or the numbers that you see here reflect individuals that our system flagged as possibly underage based on information they gave at sign up. Okay, so the numbers you see here, the 22 in the left hand most column are individuals who at sign up given underage date of birth that our system rejected. Any questions here? Okay, great. We can go to the next slide, please. Madam Chair. Was that through the KYC that you picked that up? Yes. Just give me one example of something that a red flag would have been raised for. Yeah, a customer gives, you know, date of birth in 20, you know, being 2008, for example, they would have been 16. So we would have blocked that customer. Thank you, Madam Chair. Sorry, I had my new. Madam Chair, I have a question, please. Good morning. Good morning, Anthony. Of the 22, the 22 number there, those were found sports wagering or attempted to sports wager. That's, but your number and the third column accounts suspensions due to underage is zero. So is it fair to say that of the 22, none of those individuals were able to gain access to the platform? Yeah, at registration. So once the individual enters a date of birth that's less than 21, their account is automatically suspended and they fail verification essentially so they can't gain access to our platform. Yeah, okay, thank you. Sure, of course. If no other questions, we can go to the next slide. So here we have the VSE metrics. So in the, the final quarter of 2023 we had five individuals who were VSE enrollees that were found to have accounts on the expediting gaming upon identification their accounts were immediately suspended and obviously no access no marketing things like that. Totally nine for us since since launch. Any questions here. Okay, next slide please. So then lastly and I'll speak to some work going to do some work in PGM oversight on my end not having a separate slide but this is our RG tool metrics for the quarter. We actually saw an increase in every tool usage of this quarter which is great. We have 50 about 50, sorry 45,000 active employees in Massachusetts. And, you know, we're seeing around probably a 6% or 7% usage rate, which is still low obviously, which is low in general for tool usage we continue work to try to increase tool usage and some things that we will embark on this year. So we're going to talk through with our Pgam update as well. In the last two last two bullet points but for Pgam, you know we will be having some internal and external initiatives. At the expediting gaming internal being every March we intend to refresh and re certify our all employee RG training so every FBG employee has to take a RG training. That'll be refreshed every year based off of you know changes in regulation changes in policy all that kind of stuff. Moving off an internal RG recognition program to where we're going to highlight RG champions across our organization to try to further a culture of RG from inside. And then from an external point of view we're expanding our partnership with the NTPG. We're also testing incentivization for RG tool usage which we're really excited about so. Thank you. Thanks Anthony. So, to quickly discuss the partnerships with the lottery, our partnerships team is working with the lottery on on various projects. We're hopeful in 2024 to be able to present some of those projects to you all. Last slide. Commissioner Hill as as we discussed last time. I'm happy that our holding company fanatics is announced a person it's kind partnership in which fanatics became the wish granting organization and official sports partner for the make a wish foundation. I'm happy to report in in queue for fanatics and make a wish granted over 100 wishes in in the quarter. And that is solely sports related obviously, you know, make a wish does does a lot more than than just sports related wishes, but in queue for the partnership with fanatics and make a wish was over 100 wishes. What are some of the, I'm sorry. What are what are some of the wishes fanatics granted if you just can give a few examples. So, some of the wishes was Super Bowl weekend. I know that's not q for but let's see a q for Super Bowl highlight what we did on Super Bowl weekend, but we had, you know, individuals who were who were able to come to Las Vegas and meet meet various players and engage in some of the on field activities. Okay, thank you. Madam chair. Yes, so I watched a lot of those make a wish dreams come true. This is one of my most favorite charitable organizations and during Super Bowl week, or the two weeks leading up to it. They kept showing the wishes that had been made and it brings tears to your eyes quite frankly so this is awesome and look forward to hearing some more future wishes that were granted. Thank you Madam chair. Thank you. Well, thank you all that that concludes fanatics q for 2023 presentation. Madam chair we we also want to congratulate you on your five plus years with the MGC and wish you nothing but the best and in your retirement. Michael, I appreciate that. It's been a pleasure working with Maddox and I am really excited to see how your new enterprise works really over the course of the years ahead. So good luck to the Maddox. But today, got to work ahead and today we thank you for a really nice presentation, commissions any questions for Michael and team and thank you Anthony and stuff. All right. Thank you. And, and thank you for Anthony. I think you heard me say I want to see RG tools cool. And so I'm looking forward to watching that that continuing evolution so thanks so much. We're working on it. Thank you. Thanks. All right. Crystal, is this and our work for sports weight training today. This is a three quick reports and you're out before the hours up. Well, you know, that's the reflection of our guests. They did a nice job. So commissioners we do have opportunity for commissioners update anybody have an update. All right, then I'll take a motion to adjourn. So moved. Second. We're going to start with commissioner Brian, commissioner Brian, you all set. I'm upset. Yep. Okay. I thank you for the changing but thank you so much. All right. Any concerns about the motion that's been seconded. All right. Commissioner Brian. I. Mr Hill, Hi, Mr. Skinner. Hi. I vote that's 5-0. Thanks everyone. Nice job, Crystal. Excellent work.