 Hi friends. I am Sarodamurthy, the history faculty of the Shankarayas Academy. Since few days are there for preliminary exams that on June 2nd, an attempt was made by me how to approach the history preliminary questions. Since it is a static subject, nearly 15-plus questions are being asked. That way in 2018, as many as 21 questions had been asked by UPSC in civil services exams, attempt was made that way in the modern India questions. Because in 2019, they asked 11 or 12 questions in the modern India. Here, how to approach such a modern India questions and what are the various types of questions in modern India? That approach I try to answer. I try to explain here. Many students are thinking that if the question is very simple, just one line is there and three or four answers are given and just not more than that, the answers are not more than one or two lines. They are thinking that that is the easiest question. This is a very wrong approach. Then what is the easiest question is if you go through some questions would be there in the lengthiest statement. The statement itself is the lengthiest and they have given 1, 2, 3, so on, so on, so on and then they have given A, B, C, D, right. This is 1 and 2, then 2 and 3. Actually, this is the easiest question. Actually, question is easiest and toughest not related to the words and the lengthiness of the questions rather than here how many choices have been given. Why I am saying this one is in this question, if the question is very simple means just one line means it is very toughest. Here they have not given any clues, but here if it is a lengthiest question, they have given many clues. Here you could easily use the elimination process. For example, if four statements are given and you are asked to choose what is the right thing means, no need to have all the things to be known. If you know the fourth statement is wrong, you could easily eliminate. After eliminating this one, you straightly come to the choice. Definitely four would be there either here or either here. So, 3 and 4. Otherwise, 1, 2 and 4 only means you could easily strike out this. So, this is what. So, answering a question whatever whether it is a history topic or whatever that topic, first you must have such a approach. So, question is simple means they have not given any kind of clues. So, you basically will test you psychologically also. Yes, even modern India has such a question also. When we are entering into the question, then let me explain how to answer such a question. So, first kind of question is simple and many are thinking that this is the toughest one, but it is easiest to answer. Only thing you have to read at once. If you read it once, you will come to know about the answer very easily. It is a one approach. And the second thing normally a student has a difficult is two to three questions would be there simultaneously. Two to three questions would be toughest, lengthiest followed by easiest one. First the student will consider will go through that questions and would get nervous. And when come to answer the easiest one, they would commit the mistakes. You always keep it in mind there are 100 questions are there. No need to attend all that it is difficult to attend all the 100 questions right. So, you always keep it even if you do not know first 10 questions or 20 questions remaining 80 questions are yours. With this approach you entered into the hall with this approach you face each questions that too in the history questions right definitely you will clear the problems. So, first set of question is simple straight forward. Second is of first many are considering this is the toughest, but actually this is the easiest one. And third kind of questions is the chronological order. Chronological order will be asked for that you have to study not the years you have to study the stories. Then only you would come to know how this answer to these kinds of questions. In the case of chronological order right many are thinking that for example Kripsmission is there Augustofer is there you must know the exact year of the Kripsmission you must know exact year of Augustofer no need. Kripsmission or Augustofer what happened is when Second World War was started the ministers signed that Congress refused to have the full support to the British government to give some offer to the Congress Augustofer. You study like this not necessarily Second World War was started in 1939 Augustofer in 1940 then what happened is during the course of war to get the full support Kripsmission was and when Kripsmission was filed Kittindia movement Kripsmission and Kittindia movement took place in the same year. How far would you remain and would you study and by heart the years again and again. So that is why many are thinking that you have to study the years no you study the story and have an idea you could easily arrange any kind of questions in a chronological way. So first you have such a mind with us I will give some set of questions how to approach it let us enter into the one by one question. So first come to the first question what was the immediate reason for the Amusha Abdali to invade India and fight the third battle of Manipat you all knew very well that three battle of Manipat. I have slight significance there first Manipat 1526 second is 1556 and third is the 1761 so here is the first here the second and here is the third one it's quite interesting there is a famous statement is there the first two battle determined who should rule India the third battle determined who should not rule India because in the first battle the battle was between Babar and Ibrahim Lodhi in this Babar conquered that led to the establishment of Mughal rule in the second battle it was between Akbar versus Hemu Hemu in that Akbar got victory and the second battle determined who should rule India that is Akbar but in the case of third battle it was between the Afghans and the Marathas it's a very interesting thing after this neither Afghans nor Marathas ruled India rather than that led to the rise of the British so it's a quite interesting related to the third battle of Manipat all knew very well that that took place in 1761 so the question is what was the immediate reason for the Amusha Abdali to invade you just to go through this four lengthy statements he wanted to avenge the expulsion by the Marathas of his viceroy Taimursha from Lahore the frustrated governor of Julandar Adinabekon invited him to invade he wanted to punish the Mughal administration for non-payment of the revenue of the Chahar Mahal that is the touch for Gujarat Aurangabad Yalkot and the Persu he wanted to annex all the fertile end of Punjab up to the borders of the Delhi to his kingdom you knew all very well that the intention of Abdali was not to annex the major part of India he wanted to loot he almost invaded six times in 1750s very similar to thousand for 700 years before Muhammad of Ghazni invaded 17 times his intention was to plunder so if he knew the basic idea you could remove the deoption it's very easy to remove the deoption and you come to the sea he wanted to punish the Mughal administration for non-payment of revenue okay up to this was good but what happened is this Aurangabad it's it's impossible to have that Aurangabad that area so that's why you could easily eliminate the sea option so even though if you don't know right the particular matters of the Amusha Abdali if you knew the basic thing you could eliminate C and D now you come to the A and B alone now the frustrated governor of Dulandar Ajnabekon invited him to invade Punjab actually this is what was the major cause of the first battle of Panipat the first battle of Panipat between Baba and Ibrahim Lothi Baba versus Ibrahim Lothi in that one of the descended governor of the Ibrahim Lothi that is the one of the Lagur governor he invited so he invited Baba so this statement if you studied the first battle of Panipat you could so Adinabekon never invited him so now you come to this he wanted to avenge the expulsion of Marathap of his vice-roy Taimursha actually here question who was Taimursha was Nannathar then the son of Agamudisha Abdali the events goes like this Abdali invaded many a times and he captured the Lagur region and made his own son Taimursha as the vice-roy of that region in between gap the Marathas were expanding from this area that to under the great leadership of the Peshwa Balaji Bajrao before that Bajrao was there it was during the Balaji Bajrao the Maratha had an idea what kind of idea we wanted to conquer the territory from Kathak Kathak is here attack is here so this is what their concept the Maratha territory should remain the Kathak to attack this much with this intention the Maratha started to conquer and started to collect the taxes right from the outside area what happened is the Maratha Sardars invaded the Lagur and expelled the Taimursha the son immediately son went and compliant it before the Agamudisha Abdali Agamudisha Abdali invaded in 1761 that led to the third battle of Panipat so this is the method of studying if you know the events rather than the year it is very easy to answer by having the story itself rather than by hearting the years this is the method okay let us move on to the next questions I will give it and the second question is very interesting recently these kinds of question has not been asked by the UPSC but in other exams these kinds of questions has been asked that is the assertion and reason when we were writing these kinds of question has been asked but now especially after 2010 these kinds of question has not been asked by UPSC I expect that at any time this assessment reason question may surface may again be asked by the UPSC so how to answer this assessment reason question okay so first before entering into the question a brief idea related to the assessment reason so assessment mean it is like a fact it is a pure factual information reasoning means whether that reason substantiate this fact or not that you have to check it so this is statement number one this is the statement number two it is a factual information what is the reason means you have to check it whether the reason right asserts whether the reason reasonably explain this fact that is the assessment or not that alone you have to go through it let me go through the question then I will check I explain it Shalem to spend the initial years as an emperor outside Delhi yes you all knew very well that an incompetent ruler that too in the later Mughal incompetent ruler Shalem 1750s and up to 1800s nearly for 50 years he ruled but without any power incompetent one outside the Delhi the second thing yes initial years that to spend outside silly then what place it is Awad why now the question rises here is the Mughal rule here is the Awad kingdom rather than having his seat at Delhi why did he spend major that initial years in the Awad means two reasons are there one is internal disturbances within the Mughal another one reason is the external aggression and another reason is the free count ride of the Marathas Marathas into the Delhi region so these three reasons one is internal disturbances within the Marathas that too the overpowered nobles were responsible another thing is the Marathas and another thing here who are the expansionist the intruder is the Afghans so this is a method of study in these 1700s so 1700s the Marathas started to decline Mughals started to decline Marathas started to rise and the rise of regional kingdom here is the Awad here is the Bengal here is the Hyderabad and simultaneously the external aggression even before Afghans Nadir Shah invaded then Adhali invaded so with this in this scenario what happened to the Mughal ruler so Shalam to spend initial years as an emperor outside Delhi yes that too in the Awad region why there was always lurking danger of foreign invasion from northwest no doubt at all there was a danger no doubt at all this is one of the thing but when compared to this right the Marathas and the more is the internal disturbances that too he was disturbed by the nobles the nobles virtually took the powers they became the power mongers and they threatened Shalam to that's why he escaped to the Awad region and at last why not in 1806 he was killed by one of the nobles that was the pathetic end of the Shalam to okay so when compared to the external invasion here the most problem is the internal disturbances so first one Shalam to spend the initial year as an emperor outside Delhi second there was a always here these kinds of words you have to go through always all many almost all so this is the key word you have to check it so remaining is right lurking danger of the foreign invasion this is one of the cause but not the only thing so here reason is false assassin is right statement one is right this statement is wrong this is what now you come to the quotes option both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation part of a keep it in mind here r itself is wrong so not this one both a and r are true but r is not a correct explanation of the but here if you see a sometime this may be right this may be right okay that's what they have given both are true but r is not a correct explanation but what happened here r itself is wrong so second choice is wrong now come to a is true r is false yes exactly suitable to our question that's why this is right a is false no a is the correct statement so r is not d is not the right one here answer is the c so in this question I expect that it may be resurfaced this is called assassin reasons so in this a is true but r is false okay sometimes assassin right reason is right but sometime the reason not necessarily to explain the assassin means you have to go through the b option okay so this is the method of approaching the assassin reason topic though nowadays it has not been asked at any point of time you basically may resurface such questions move on to the next one yes this is what this simple question which one of the following was the first fort constructed by the british in india this is what normally a student would commit once they got the gs paper they would go on to such what is the easiest for them they are considering that easiest means a single line no it's very toughest because you must know the very concrete fort williams fort saint george fort saint david fort angelo where was it that's no other any other clue even many don't know where such things are built so with this you have to so this is a single simple question with question wise but if you go through the answer right you must know the very clear cutter here if you studied means no doubt at all what is the answer is the b it's a fort saint george located at medras that's a right one it was constructed started to construct in 1640s that to fight the frances day frances day the then governor of the medras he was responsible for construction of this fort he got a land later he started to construct a fort first the fort was developed and nearby a township was developed that is none other than present day one of the metropolitansity called the chennai so this is the answer fort williams you people knew very well about that this is located in kalkatha but it was constructed much later it was constructed around 1700s now you come to the fort david that is located at a place called kadalur kadalur kadalur just 200 kilometer 150 kilometer south of chennai near pondicherry this kadalur is there that david fort saint david was constructed and this one is the angelo fort is there this fort was located at the constructed by the porticus by the porticus at khananor there is a place called khananor in that the fort angelo was constructed by the porticus this is one of the earliest fort built by the europeans so here two new things you have studied fort williams saint george is very even fort saint david is located at kadalur and angelo is located at the khananor it is also called khananor fort by the porticus that is the porticus very famous governor general alfonso d albu quirk he constructed this angelo fort later it was attacked by the local kerala rulers so this much of information you must know then only you could answer such a question but the question is very simple easy but answer right yes seems to be easy without knowing this much of information it is difficult guys this is the third set of questions you face you will ask next move on to the next one another thing one of the simplest seems to be that but you should have studied it these kinds are have been given who among the following uh englishmen first translate in bhagavad kitha into english actually this is given in the enciety book itself that when the ancient enciety itself this kind of explanation part is given so you should know who is william zones charles wilkins alexander cunning arm john marshal after that a brief idea then only you could answer this one so what's the answer of this is that's a charles wilkins he translated into the this one uh bhagavad kitha into english and then what about william zones alexander cunning arm and john marshal is william zones was responsible for construct building the asiatic society of bengal a very famous organization even recently 2000 recently 2017 or 18 a question has been asked so here expected is who translated bhagavad kitha into english this may be asked in this preliminary question itself and now come to the c and forth alexander cunning arm and john marshal these two are related to the asi archaeological survey of india this alexander cunning arm was the first dg first dg of asi because asi was established in 1861 during the lord canning period lord canning period asi was established the first direct general of asi was alexander cunning arm and this john marshal john marshal was the dg direct general around 1920s around 1920s then what was the significance of this john marshal he was responsible for exploring the indus valley civilization or harapan civilization under the ages of this fellow right various places were excavated he is highly responsible for exploring india's past culture around 1920s so if you know this kind of information then only you could answer these kinds that's why again and again saying previous questions the clues has been given in this question the clue has been given in this just you have to go through with the basic thing you could answer but in this area you must know especially question number three and question number four you must know this much of information then only you could answer next shall we move to next one recently this question has been asked kalmax explain the process of class struggle with the help of which of the following theories actually this is more or like many are considering this a world history or might have studied in some other optionals but once this has been asked in the gs itself though you don't have an idea you could try though it seems to be the toughest if you study the basic aspect of the economic history of india you could answer these kinds so kalmax is related to socialism and communism so if communism means grouping rather than individualism it's a grouping concept so with this we are going to approach it in this you come to the first empirical liberalism actually liberalism word is not at all related to the kalmax so you could try in this maybe sometimes it's a hard guess you could try here empirical liberalism no and existentialism actually existentialism is related to the individualism is an individual approach how the individual will be treated rather than the grouping so you could avoid this one Darwin's theory of evolution definitely it's not related to this it's a theory of evolution survival of the fittest these kinds of approaches were followed by the fascist fascist approach so you could eliminate this one and last one remaining thing is their dialectical materialism so this dialectical materialism give an explanatory idea about the classical so what is dialectical materialism in this means simple dialectical it's here too materialism right is there so what is dialectical materialism is Marx tried to explain in what way mean when the stages of history change from one stage to the next stage always there would be the two classes and fight between these two classes so this is the class one and this is the class two right this class one have class this class two is the have not class always the history wall from one phase to another there was a clash between house and have not for example Marx tried to put that in that ancient ancient period there was have classes the master and have not class is the slave slave class and medieval it's a feudal feudal lord and surf and modern here the capitalist and the working class so this kind so house and have nots with respect to land or with respect to the capital these groups are called materialist one is the materialist another is not materialist so when the age change always two kind of groups and clash between these two groups this concept is called class struggle that idea is called dialectical materialism in his famous book called the communist communist manifesto he tried to explain it that communist manifesto was written in 1848 when he was in Paris in this communist manifesto only he tried to explain dialectical materialism in that he mentioned about the class struggle so this is the UPC early previous year question you have to know about this next one consider the following statement the government of India at 1935 provided for the provincial autonomy yes establishment of the federal court yes you all knew very well and all India federation at center yes that is also the right one so here why I took this question is that government of India at 1935 is very important because nearly 50 percentage of the percent or major source of the present constitution was taken from this part in this only the provincial autonomy because in 1990 in act the provinces were given hierarchy system but the hierarchy system was not at all suitable it produced ugly result that is why when simon commission was appointed one of the strong recommendation of the simon commission was to abolish of this hierarchy system and accordingly in 1935 hierarchy system was abolished instead provincial autonomy was given that to complete autonomy means no that is a different kind of matter not complete autonomy though the governor had all such a power so here the provincial autonomy was given the establishment of federal court no doubt at all later it became the supreme court here when it came to existed in 1950 become the supreme court of India so the federal court but there is a difference between the federal court then and supreme court now now the supreme court is the highest authority judicial authority but the federal court that was established in 1935 was not the highest court then what is the highest court of appeal means here this is what the simple high courts are there above that federal courts are there federal court is there because only one even if are filed your cases defeated in that federal court you could take it to the next level that is the preview council that's why but now supreme court with this supreme court here the high court so once the matter was is taken to the supreme court that's all after that there is no court as of now but here 1935 federal court was established but it is not the highest court of appeal you could take your matter to the preview council it's a second federal court all India federation now I come to the third all India federation right the British tried to establish an all India federation in that they wanted to include the province province that to governor's province governor's province that's a more or less what's a governor's province mean big provinces and some other province provinces are there these are the commissioners province these are the commissioners province what's the difference between governor's province and commissioners province mean if the provinces are too big it's a governor's province if it's very small and strategic means it's a commissioners province this commissioners province is now more or less equal to union territory it's a second and third category is the princely states so representations from governor's province commissioners province and from the princely state and wanted to set up the all India federation this is what even the princely states were allowed to send the representatives though the act maintained about the all India federation the act didn't it was not to come into force because the princely state refused to send its representatives so all the three statements are correct here the answer is 30 that will be an economic related question history that we either related to the land revenue system otherwise drain of wealth are related to the rural percent these are all the economic history normally many would concentrate on the political topic political history no doubt this is also a part and parcel but this alone is not the history actually history it's consist of political part economic history social history cultural history and the national movement phase so many would concentrate on this so likewise you concentrate on this part also in this one best example is this question question number seven under the permanent settlement of 1973 the jamin dars were required to issue pata so this is very interesting normally come to know in raithwari system and mahalwari system yes patas were issued but what about the jamin dari system means the british instructed to issue the patas to the peasants by the jamin dars to the farmers which were not issued by many of the jamin dars so were required to issue the patas but many jamin dars didn't issue pata this is the question now you come to what was the reason the jamin dars were trusted by the farmers definitely it would not be there though the jamin dars were the local were trusted by the farmers they never never trusted because many a jamin dars were oppressed the farmers next there was no official check upon the jamin dars yes this seems to be the most probable you just keep because others options are there you go through it was the responsibility of the british government no you could easily eliminate this one only because of this they introduce the jamin dari system because the british don't want to take the responsibilities right only for this they introduce the local people called the jamin dars so this third statement is absolutely wrong because here is the eic here the various jamin dars were there jamin dars were there under that the villages were given so british don't want to take any responsibility of this because of the administrative condition at the time existed only for this the british so it was the responsibility of the british no it was responsibility of the jamin dars so third statement is outright wrong the farmers were not interested in getting but no this is also absolutely wrong because pata is given you are the you have the absolute title ownership so this statement is wrong now we already marked that there was no official check upon the jamin dars the jamin dars were trusted by the farmers definitely you could by applying logic you could eliminate this one so most probable answer there was no official check upon the jamin dars though you might not have come across this kinds of line in the books but with applying the basic economic history you could easily answer these kinds of questions that's why nowadays these kinds of questions are being asked so partly you have to study partly you have to apply the logic inside the exam hall so this is the best example next one the last major extension of the indian territory british indian territory took place during the time of what whose person this is what so british indian territory took place during the time you all knew that 1588 queens proclamation in the 1588 1858 queens proclamation one of the statement they have enlisted various statement one of the statement is no more annexation not only no more annexation and the princely states were treated as a friend so before 1857 revolt and after 1857 revolt that too after the queens proclamation the relationship between the british versus the princely state underwent change highly underwent change here is this so in queens proclamation no more annexation with this you could easily eliminate two or three options because all major expansion took place only before 1857 in this only one cousin cousin is around 1900 law liten 1870s tafferin 1880s and the Dalhousie 1850s so the only one person in this is the Dalhousie so if you know the queens proclamation if you know the queens proclamation it's very easy to answer this question you know don't want the exact years of the tafferin tenure littens and cousins just have an idea this Dalhousie Dalhousie was highly responsible for annexing the company's territory especially annexation of Punjab annexation of various small small territory by applying doctrine of labs and another annexation of awad by the doctrine of misgovernance so this is one way of applying that's why repeatedly i'm saying that don't just by heart they are rather than study the concept yourself will come to know so the question is major extension of the british identity to place during which time for that you must know the queens proclamation with this you could answer yes this is one interesting thing already it's a 2018 which one of the following is a very significant aspect of the champa and satyagraha so if you know the background and to whom a gandhiji was fighting it's very easy to answer active all participation of the lawyer students and women in the national movements know the women students lawyers started to participate in the swadhaisi movement itself in 1905 itself they started to participate first time one could see the active participation of the women students and lawyer in 1905 it's active involvement of dalit and tribal of the indians that too somewhat late that too with the rail of the gandhiji when gandhiji took the social issues and these kinds of people though more or less this is related to the gandhian phase gandhian phase 1920s second third joining of the peasant undressed into the indian yes joining of the peasant undressed into the indias national movement this is most the right one and the drastic degrees in the cultivation of the plantation crop and the commercial crops yes actually the c and d seems to be more or less but here the answer is joining of the peasant undressed into the indian national movement it was after gandhiji is what's a significant aspect keep it in mind because many students answered this also so what is a significant aspect is peasants greatly started to participate in the national movement simple first gandhiji and indian nationalists started to support the peasant not only the peasants the laborers and other people after this this peasants and the laborers started to support the nationalists and then started to support the national movements this is what here happened so drastic degrees in cultivation of the plant crops it seems to be that but it is not the answer to this this is what slight confusion of many students while answering this c and the d the right one is this and again a very recent 2017 question the trade dispute act 1929 provided two things you must know one is trade dispute act another is the public safety bill where moved and passed in 1929 in the central legislate assembly against the passage of these two bills only the two great revolutionary leader Bhagat Singh and another person called Badakeshwar Dutta these two great young revolutionaries three bomb into the assembly right against they wanted to show their anger against the passage of these two bills the trade dispute bill and the public safety bill now what's a question is the trade dispute act provides for is the participation of worker in the management of the industry arbitrary power of the management called the industrial dispute and intervention by the british a system of tribunal and ban strike yes here the c is the right one actually why these two young revolutionaries showed the anger main had this bill that a trade dispute bill later became act was passed it would curb the strike it's one of the democratic instrument but british wanted to suppress that workers and the strike workers movement and the strike with that intention only they introduced the bill later became the act trade disputes act it's a one interesting thing so on so various restrictions were there before proclamation or before the workers were going for the strike so participation of worker that was not the aim of the british british have never had such an intention arbitrary power of the manager that was not but you may consider this one but it is not intervention by the british good in the event of a trade dispute british had never such an idea to interfere into this this is a most probable answer so in this trade dispute and public safety that too another thing i must explain about this is 1920s one could see the rise of the communism and socialism current in the indian national movement especially after 1917 russian revolution 1917 russian revolution after that the revolutionary idea started to spread length and breadth of the colonial country including india that led to 1920s rise of communist and social current in indian subcontinent that led to the ultimate birth of the various socialism and communist party so cpi later congress socialist party even why not many socialist were there socialist were there within inc indian national congress even socialism had an impact on the revolutionary also that is the reason hra later became hsra here the word they include on socialism so if you know these kinds of basic thing you could answer this and come to very interesting there sometimes question would be asked outside the congress no doubt 1885 to 1947 the major phase and major organization was indian national congress but sometimes if you go through 1916 1923 and 1930s and 1940s other than congress other elements were there why 1960 mean here home rule home rule moment here 1920s 22 that is swaraj party and 1930s congress socialist party 1940s in a so these are all other organization which worked out for the indias of freedom struggle in this one such a question is related to the congress socialist party and this has been asked recently now come to the question with reference to the congress socialist party consider the following statements so before entering into that you should know the basic aspects of the congress socialist party its origin is quite interesting it was started in 1934 so if 1934 mean you should know that 1930 to 1934 quit civil disobedient movements cdm cdm took place during cdm almost all the leaders were arrested and put into jail in various jail that too now the story start with the nasik jail in 1930s some of the leaders jay prakash narayan achut patwar then acharya narendra dev these people were in nasik jail they were influenced by the socialist ideas because 1920s one could see the rise of the socialist ideas in across the world especially after 1917 russian revolution so such ideas influenced the congress leader also and what was the influence of the ideas was the starting of the party called congress socialist party so the word each word and the party itself says within the congress the socialist concept was started to rise that's why it's a congress socialist party when cdm was over all the leaders were arrested released arrested leaders were released in 1934 this jay prakash narayan acharya narendra dev achut patwar then these people came out and started an organization called congress socialist party another quite interesting is this this is not a outside this is within the congress because jay prakash narayan himself mentioned that nothing is outside nothing is against the congress if the congress today failed to accept our view tomorrow put forward that view before the congress if tomorrow also failed day after tomorrow so its organization worked within the congress party and nothing against and nothing outside the congress you should know these kinds of the basic information related to the origin of the congress socialist party now come to the choice it advocated the buyout of the british good and evasion of the taxes no doubt at all related to the buyout of the goods but not related to the evasion of the taxes so in this if you go through the aim of the congress socialist party you could easily eliminate this it wanted to establish the dictatorship of proletariat in this condition only it is slightly different from communist party the communist party same wanted to have the dictatorship government but not the congress socialist party so this is a major different rather than they want democratic institutions in accordance with the prevailing condition of the india they ruled out the dictatorship of the proletariat so second choice is wrong because they wanted democratic establishment it advocated separate electorate of minorities and oppressed class now because it always accepted the congress view congress always opposed the separate electorate system the same view was taken by congress socialist parties that's why if you go through this you could easily eliminate this part third choice one could easily eliminate now if you have a plain reading of the third choice you stately come to the answer that's a b c n c d you could easily eliminate this and you could easily eliminate this only thing is one and two it wanted to establish the dictatorship of proletariat that's a difference between congress socialist party and communist party so from that the two is ruled out here also so what's the answer is this one so basic aspect because this congress socialist party accepted all the congress views including the Gandhian instead of going for the revolutionary activities it propagated the Gandhian Gandhian mass movements that to non-violence non-violence this is the major difference between another difference between the communist party and the congress socialist party so this is the method of study while studying the modern india so when you started to study any of the organization very similar to the congress socialist party you study the origin of the homeroom and what contest both the internal and international circumstances why such a homeroom movement was started why the starting of the swaraj party and why they're starting of the indian national army so with the background if you know even though if you don't know these statements you could easily answer by this method next I move on to the next one it's a simple question quit india movement was launched in response to actually nowadays they're asking chronological order related question from 1940 to 1947 because here the seven years is the tumultuous years and various changes took place in the indian national movement so 1940s to 1947 various events even sometimes you have to study not only yearly basis sometime you have to study on a month basis also in this quit india movement was launched in response to which of the following is one by one quit india you people know very well that august 1942 that is the reason this quit india movement is also called august revolution so another important thing is quit india movement is also called august revolution because it was started on august 1942 okay you know the basic concept it was started on august 1942 it responds to what ones are in this cabinet mission yes exactly just before the quit india movement 1942 around march this way crypts proposals cabinet mission was 1946 crypts proposal 1942 simon commission report 1928 you could easily eliminate this one the well plan is 1946 so if you know even you don't want the exact year just one is 1940s one is 1930s one is outer the world war so if you know you could easily eliminate this choice so you could easily eliminate this one and you come to the remaining thing cabinet mission crypts proposal level plan this cabinet mission and level plan where the post war measures automatically set crypts proposals so here one interesting thing is 1939 second world war was started indians that too the nationalist leader refused to cooperate the british that's why in 1940 the british and the government gave an offer called august offer in 1940 by lord linlitho but dissatisfied with this only gandhi ji started individual satyagraha so after the failure of the august offer by linlitho gandhi ji started individual satyagraha in 1940 after that both internal and international events happened in 1942 the government has sent the crypts the crypts mission that led to the crypts proposal right even we expected a lot but what we drew was nothing that's why completely gandhi ji was dissatisfied and what was the response was he immediately started the quit india movement after the failure of the crypts proposal so this year generally in 1940s to 1947 try to study in a chronological order it would be highly helpful even one of the questions that we will discuss recently has been asked so while studying this quit india movement you should know what are all the events happened between 1939 even you keep it 1939 to 1947 then it's very easy next the 14th question the demand for the deba ha movement in bengal was sure this is the peasant movement various peasant movement took place during the freedom struggle especially 1850s 1850s to 1947 various peasant movement took place if you study like this for example if you study peasant movement and tribal movement next the women in the national movement then the upper class people in the national movement so students in national movements whenever you are going to study you always have to study between 1850s to 1947 in minds they're asking questions like this contribution of women participation of women during the freedom struggle phase recently there is a question participation of women contribution of women during the Gandhian phase Gandhian phase means after 1917 so while studying the women movements while studying the peasant movement tribal movements and students in national movements upper class people in national movements next to the capitalist in national movements working class people in the national movements whenever such a questions are there whenever such a topics are there you have to study holistically 1850s to 1947 in this one of the movement the peasant movement is the deba ha movements various movement took place before entering into the deba ha movement and the choices a brief idea related to the peasant movements if you see in 1850s itself three peasant movements took place the best example is the indigo revolt next is the pabna movement next is the dekhana pricing so in 1870s 1850s to 1870s these three movement took place next you come to the 1900s in 1900 it is coincided with the national phase that to the champaran satya graha another is the keda satya graha so here the three and here the two all to the five movements are there and if you come to the 1920s one could see the rise of the peasant consciousness that led to the rise of peasant organization for example up kishan sabha was started and next one is the avad avad kishan sabha was started so and led to the rise of various leaders so here initially movement later starting of the sabhas kishan sabha themselves started to provide the leadership and next if you come to the 1940s one of the important movement is this deba ha movement and another is the thiligana movement thiligana peasant movement and another movement in kerala is punapura punapura valer incident so how many you just check it one is the indigo revolt next is the pabna movement next is the dekhana pricing next in 1920s along with that a gandhian movement and champaran satya graha keda satya graha next rise of the sabhas up kishan sabha that's avad kishan sabha in 1940s again three movement deba ha movement thiligana movement punapura valer incident in this one of the movement in 1945 is the deba ha movement in 1945 in the bangal region so this is the basic of the deba ha movement now you come to what was the demand so simple if you go through baha you just split it deba ha deb means that three baha baha means a portion share so if you have the plain reading of this yourself will come to know the reduction of the share of the landlord from one half to the one third so here itself dancer is there indirectly if you have instead of studying it in a hard manner you try to split like this words yourself will have it the grant of one ship of the land to the peasant as they were actual cultivator of the land the uprooting of the jamminder system under the end of the serfdom the writing of all peasant debt yes all it seems that all the four option seems to be right one but what is the best thing is this one now why one half to the one third is landlord the landlords are called chothedar and the peasants the peasants were called berga called as bergadar so this chothedar provided the land to the bergadar initially the chothedar demanded what one has one two third to the chothedar right and one third to these people earlier what happened is one by two and these two one by two but who are the actual cultivator was this bergadar was the actual cultivator but major portion land share was taken over by the chothedar because of just to providing the land so in 1940s rise of and the rise of peasants that's why these peasants were demanding in 1945 that no no we don't want one half rather than we want two third share crops and you take the one third so the reduction of the share of the landlord from one half through one third so this would go to the landlord and this would be taken by the berga so earlier two third one third later one by two one by two landlord and the bergadar now that the bergadars that is the peasants were demanding two third and one third should be given to the landlords so this is what related to the debaha movement this is the most important moment just before the independent took place in the bengal regions so this is the method of studying so all the options seems to be right but the most correct one is a so this is the method always study in a holistic approach yes 15th 15th one is very similar to the 14th one in the 14th one it is related to the peasants peasants in the national movement and the peasants now and themselves in this debaha movement likewise in the 15th with reference to the Indian freedom struggle usha mehta is well known they are the women's women's contribution to the national movements yes no doubts since 1800s to 1947 one could see the gradual participation of the women in the national movement that too with that gandhian movement one could see the tremendous rise of the women both in participatory level as well as in leadership level so initially in participatory level later in later in leadership level in 1800 itself one could see in the karnataka region that sir rani channava or rani chinamma participated that is uprising is called the kittur kittur uprising in 1820s itself one could see the rise of rani chinamma so that's why she was famously called the kittur rani it's a very famous next you come to 1850s in 1857 revolt laxmi boy the great laxmi boy participated and bayham hasrat mahal participated so likewise while studying the peasant movement or the women's participation in the national you have to study in a holistic manner then it will be more useful to understand whatever the question he could easily answer even if you don't know direct by elimination process you could answer this one so now you come back to this kittur uprising the kitturani next is 1857 two men greatly participated and even with the rise of congress especially with the rise of gandhiji one could see the women participation as well as in leadership level the fine example is in 1930 civil disobedience sarojini naidu actively participated that too well known as the darsana darsana salt satyagraha when gandhiji was arrested he was in jail but darsana salt satyagraha was performed by sarojini naidu that's why gandhiji himself told that i am here but my soul is with you here it denotes that sarojini naidu and if you come to 1940s during the kittindia movement it's very interesting because throughout the movement all the congress leaders were arrested when male members were arrested it was a great things of participation of the women many women participated and took the leadership in that oneness usha metha another is the arunasafali another is sushitha kriplani another is sarojini naidu all all actively participated in this right in this usha metha played a vital role what's the contribution is that's the answer is the answer running the secret radio station in the backup of indian national movements so this is the answer participated in the second round double conference you know in no way related leading a condition of the indian national army yes that's a women contingent was there that women contingent name is rami rani laxmi by contingent actually who let that women contingent in the indian national army was laxmi laxmi shekha laxmi shekha let the women contingent that to laxmi by contingent of the indian national army in this as it in the formation of the interning government under javkar lanneru no here women didn't give the participation so in this the answer is secret radio stations quit interesting thing is some of the nationalist leader gave a daily speech to the common man through this secret radio station that was the contribution of the usha metha during the indian freedom struggle so not only usha metha various women participated so that's you have to do it once if you go through the modern india in the national movement you have to study 1850s to 1947 if you study like this whatever the question you could easily answer so this is the method of study next before before entering into the next questions a brief idea of studying the modern india some people are saying that sir i'm studying it again and again but i forget it one thing is there if you see the modern india you could easily split the modern india into the broadly the three things one is 1948 to 1750s next to face is the 1750s to 1857 and next to face is the 1857 to 1947 first set you consider this are like a phase one this is a phase two and this is a phase three always if you started here you know very well that this is a coming of european if you start to study here you have to finish up to 1750s continuous one side is the coming of europeans other side is the rise of mughals other side is the two great kingdom in south one is the vijaynagar another is the bahamini kingdom so you have to study likewise so when european came to india who are there are contemporary if you study you'd never forget it next 1750s to 1857 this is a pure of rise of english east india company no doubt at all when the british started to rise at the same time mughals started to decline decline of the mughal but one started to rise at the cost of the decline of mughal the british started to rise at the same time from the west coast the marathas the marathas also started to rise and the rise of regional kingdoms so company rise of marathas and rise of regional kingdom But ultimately in this phase 1750s to 1857 gradual rise of the company and by 1847 become the undisputed power in India. So here only various wars, social religious reform that you have to study it. And this phase, this phase is the pure national movement phase. In this you have to study in a holistic manner that's what I discussed earlier. So try to split the entire modern India into these three kind of phase then you study. Once you study 1750, 1498 to 1750 you stop it try to solve the question. Next you come to the next phase 1750s to 1857 you study and solve the question. Next 1847 to 1947 rather than continuously studying from 1498 to 1947. Now you come back to this one that's the next question 16 to question here again assassin and recent type. I already discussed this one now I straightly come to this. The congress ministers in all the provinces resigned in the year 1939 yes but the reason means keep it in keep one thing 1939 to 1945 you have to study 45 you have to study the events both happened internally and internationally internally as well as internationally if you studied because here the second world war took place this has a great impact on the Indian national movements. If you study like this definitely you could answer like this questions. So now you come congress ministries in all the provinces resigned in 1939. The congress didn't accept the decision reason yes congress didn't accept the decision of the vice-right to declare war against here key word is didn't accept war against Germany in the contest of the second world war yes no doubts 1939 second world war was started in the same 1939 October 1939 all the congress ministers were asked to resign why that is what assassin reason. So what was the reason was we are not at all rejecting the government decision to fight against the Germany that was not at all questioned at all we are ready to fight against the Nazi Germany even because Gandhiji once said that when compared to the British imperialism one is the British imperialism if British imperialism was worse Nazi aggrandism was the worst. So here he mentioned as the worst here is the worst these are the key word British imperialism Nazi aggrandism that's why we are ready to support when the British was waging war against the Nazis that's why not at all questions then what force the resignation of the congress ministries is when the British entered into war without opinion without getting opinion or discussion or getting permission from the Indian leader it dragged British right Indian into the British side this is what the congress didn't accept that led to the resignation of the congress ministers that's why assassin is right October 1939 congress ministers listen but reason was wrong so you could stately assassin is right means either these are this now either of this right now you come to the reason side reason is wrong this is what the answer is true but or is false. So this is a method of answering of assassin and reason though it's not has been asked in recent last 8 years these kinds of question may be surfaced next one with reference to the Indian freedom which one of the following statement is not correct so normally they would put like this otherwise they would give it in a normal you have to recognize like this this is what the major mistake a student would commit it they would not recognize like this they would always consider considered the correct statement but sometime they would give they would give incorrect statement this is what such option would be there without knowing that they would give answer to the correct one but what is the question is incorrect but and another thing is not correct one so this is very important here we have given that not correct one in the bold letter so capital that's why it's very easy to recognize now come to this the Raul attack arouse the way of way of popular indignation and led to the Jolly and Wallabak massacre yes Subha Sandrabu's formed the forward block Bhagat Singh was one of the founder of the Hindustan Republic Socialist Association in 1931 Congress session at Karachi opposed Gandhi Irwin tax so first plain reading definitely one or two statement you come to know this is absolutely wrong this is absolutely right now we will discuss the Raul attack arouse the way of popular indignation and led to the Wallabak massacre yes in this Raul attack 1919 actually the year 1919 is very important in the national movement so 1914 to 1918 first world war after the first world war we expected a lot from the British because unlike the second world war the all the Indian leader wholeheartedly supported the British effort in the first war with expectation that after war you would be given a price but what we got is nothing rather than suppression and oppression one of the suppression in the name of the Raul attack so one of the major thing in the initial years of 1919 is the Raul attack so Raul attack happened against that only Gandhiji started Raul at Satyagraha while doing that Satyagraha only right in Punjab people participated a peacefully participated in Jolian wallabak that led to the untoward instance worst of all the case that is the Jolian wallabak massacre yes arouse the way that led to the Jolian wallabak massacre a statement is the right Subhaar Sander was formed the forward block yes in 1939 Tiripuri session was there Subhaas was elected as the president after winning the Gandhian nominee of Patabi Sitaramaya actually in 1939 there was election one said Subhaas Sander Bose other said Patabi Sitaramaya the nominee of the Gandhi in that Subhaas Sander Bose got victory that led to some dispute within the Congress later Subhaas resigned from the Congress and in 1940 he started an organization called forward block full name is all India forward block yes formed all India forward block the second choice is right Bhagat Singh was one of the founder of the Hindu Sander Republic socialist army yes in 1928 in 1928 at very famous place called Kottala or called the Farush Kottala now part and parcel of Delhi in that he formed that earlier it was called as HRA that is in 1924 later HSRA 1928 Bhagat Singh Chandraseh Razaar the Sugde these people participated and formed the HSRA so this is a right one and in 1931 so what's the right answer because it's a not correct this should be the answer why means in 1931 Congress session at Karachi opposed Gandhi in fact so this is wrong because it accepted it accepted Gandhi in impact it endorsed it then only Gandhi went and attended the second round table conference here this is very interesting in 1930 civil disobedient movement was started so 1930s to 1934 in 1930s CDM was started most successful one so Gandhiji all other leaders were arrested 1930s in the made first round table conference INC didn't participate so no great impact in 1931 for attending of second round table conference Gandhiji was released Gandhiji met the Vaisra the then Vaisra Irwin that was fruitful in 1931 that to the March M5 March 1931 Gandhi Irwin pact was signed after two weeks exactly March 30 or March 31 the Karachi session Karachi session was held Gandhiji attended and it endorsed the Gandhi Irwin pact after that only Gandhiji went to attend second round table conference so CDM was started initially Congress leaders didn't participate because all were arrested in between the first RTC was held no fruitful outcome so for the attendance of the Congress Gandhiji was released Gandhiji met Irwin that led to the Gandhiji Irwin pact it was endorsed that is accepted in at the Karachi session so this Karachi session is very important this is not normal session this is a special session you must know the difference between normal session and special session actually normal session means December month lost three days other than December month right if a session took place that is the special session it's a one important thing another important thing who was the president of the Karachi session was Vallabhai Patel that's why Karachi session play a vital role so in 1939 Karachi session what's the first thing is Vallabhai Patel the president second thing is Gandhi Irwin pact was endorsed and the third thing is fundamental rights this is most important fundamental rights was accepted that's why here the answer is the because accepted the Gandhi Irwin pact one to the next one an important aspect of the Cripps mission in 1942 yes at the backdrop of the second world war it was going on between 1939 to 1945 Augustofer was provided but it was rejected by INC and Muslim League and Indian leaders refused to cooperate full-fledgedly cooperate with the British war effort it's a great setback to the British other side after Polkhaub incident the rise of the Japanese forces and already the Japanese started to attack and started to capture this area and they were decided to attack the Indian region had the attack captured the Indian region it was a great setback to the British so that's why the British government decided to send a mission to India with the Stafford grips called the Cripps mission so with this backdrop with this background we are going to approach the choice what was the important aspect so for what purpose Winston Churchill government sent the Stafford grips mission that we will discuss that all Indian state to join the Indian union as a condition to conserve the degree of autonomous all Indian state they never mentioned actually in UPS exam some keywords are there all next is the no next is only next is the major next is the none so these are all the keywords if these kinds of keywords are there in a statement in a question you have to take utter most care so in this that all Indian state no this statement is absolutely wrong this was not the provision if you go through definitely you come to the creation of Indian union with the Dominion status very soon after the Second World War yes let us consider this one active participation and cooperation of Indian people communicate communities political parties in the British was a foot British actually it's a war effort as a condition for granting independence with full sovereign state after war actually this is absolutely wrong because the Winston Churchill government was not at all ready to give the sovereign state that is a independence so if you go through the British attitude during the war period Second World War period you could eliminate this answer so first is eliminated see is eliminated framing of the constitution for entire Indian union with no separate constitution so that's why I said here one important word is the no separate constitution for any provinces and Indian this is absolutely wrong because the provision says that a constitution would be set up if any of the province didn't want to join the constitution assembly didn't accept the constitution mean such provinces were allowed to form a separate constitution so this provision is the hint of providing partition actually here no separate constitution for any province actually the statement is wrong what is the right statement here as if any of the provision provinces wanted to have a separate constitution they are allowed so this is contradiction to the grips proposal the most apt one is the creation of Indian union with the Dominion status yes British indention in 1940s was ready to give the Dominion status but the problem is not in 1940s soon after the second war so this is the right one so and what background grips mission was sent and what were the aspect of the grips mission whether grips mission was accepted or not what was the impact of the grips mission because it was not to be accepted by congress that's why Gandhiji started a quit into a moment that's one of the question that we earlier discussed it so here it is the question answer is the b now come to the next one during the Indian freedom struggle the Kudai Kittmatkar's also known as red shirt called for as sir who are the Kiddait Kudai Kittmatkar mean it's the Pashtu language the Pashtun Patan people are there in northwestern frontier province in the Pashtu language Kutai Kittmatkar the English translation is servants of gods so Kutai Kittmatkar means servants of the gods also called the red shirt actually it was started very earlier it was more or like it's a social organization in what way they helped the people in northwestern frontier region tribal people mean construction of the educational institutions social welfare measures so their early work was this one that is related to the social activities when it had to contact with the Indian national movement that too with the Gandhian idea it accepted the Gandhian values and actively participated under the great leadership of Khan Abdul Kaphar Khan who was also called as the frontier Gandhi so Kutai Kittmatkar what is the meaning what was the earlier work in northwestern frontier region now it is called the Kaibar Bakhtunwa region of the Pakistan so with this basic information you come to this the union of Pashtun tribal area in yes it's the Pashtun tribal area of northwestern Afghanistan is not northwestern Afghanistan in the northwestern Pakistan region it's a social organization first statement is wrong the adoption of terrorist tactics and method for terrorizing and finally ousting the colonial that's why discussed it accepted the Gandhian value so this statement is outright rejected the adoption of communist revolutionary idea for political and social reform is it seems to be correct because here is the Russia is there here the centralation in this the Afghanistan and Pakistan area many had an influence of the russian but not this one so it seems to be right but this is not the Patan regional nationalist unity and the struggle against the colonialism this is the right one it completely supported the Indian national congress and the Gandhian method ideas even actively participated during the civil disobedience movement even participated in the Kutindya movement and its leader Koneptil Kaffir Khan was arrested so this is the right one 19th one again who among the following organized the famous stokong armory raya this question is related to the revolutionary nationalism before entering into the question and answer a brief related to the revolutionary nationalism or revolutionary terrorism it is better to use the word revolutionary nationalism and all are our nationalists so if you see in 1850s to 1947 here and there one could see the rise of revolutionaries whenever the congress was in the lowest one could see the rise of the revolutionary nationalism it would be like this for example in 1922 1920 1922 non-cooperation movement after mage after that 1930 1934 cdm after that 1942 to 45 Kutindya movement in between 1922 to 1930 1934 to 1942 if you see in this area one could see the rise of revolutionary nationalism here one could see the rise of revolutionary nationalism even before that 1905 to 1907 here is the sodai see movement phase so 1907 to 1970s 20s one could see the rise of revolutionary nationalism so whenever congress was in active phase all would concentrate when it was in that passive mode so rise of the revolutionary nationalist so phase one here phase two here one could see the rise of phase three in this revolutionary nationalism phase two two group of people were there in that one of the group is the Bengal group in that Bengal group organization called Indian republican army so don't confuse with Indian national army that was started by swasandrabu here is the Indian republican army started by a famous leader called suryasen so these people conducted the chittakong armory because as a revolutionary organization they wanted weapon to fight against the british what they did is they strictly went and started to loot the armory ground in this ira conducted the chittakong armory so who was the head means suryasen this is the answer b is the answer then what about other people sir laxmi shagal as we already discussed that she was the head of the women contingent of the ina the women contingent name was called laxmi by contingent we already discussed that that badikeshwar datha he was related to the hsre hsre along with Bhagat Singh one interesting thing is in 1929 the assembly bomb throwing case he along with but Bhagat Singh threw bomb into the central legislative assembly so he was related to hsre and what about jm sen gupta a leader from chittakong and a well-renowned leader in asam region a revolutionary leader a lawyer and many a time he was arrested so he was also a revolutionary leader from the bengal and the asam region very famous in 1920s in this the answer is suryasen except laxmi shagal here all are related to the revolutionaries laxmi shagal is related to indian national army what is the correct sequence of the follow-up event so as i said earlier if you go through august offer i-n-a-tail kut indian women royal indian navy naval rating so august offer no doubt at all exactly august 1940 by lord linlito i-n-a-trial is november november 1945 kut india movement 1942 to 1945 royal indian naval rating mutiny is feb feb of 1946 as i said earlier between 1939 to 1947 you have to study various events because nowadays questions are being asked to arrange in a chronological order that's why if you know august offer i-n-a with this you could easily come to know what is the first thing is the august offer here with this only these two alone are there it's very easy to come next after that the three 1942 to 45 yes here one three next only you have to check what would come at first two or four it's very easy that two two would come because november 1946 so this one and last is 519 whatsoever a is the answer so this is a method of arranging anything in a chronological order even if you don't know exactly as just to have after this event this took place after this this took place because nowadays they are asking question in chronological order from 1939 to 1947 next economically one of the results of the british rule in india in 19th century was so here whenever you are studying about economic history you always keep it in mind one thing one you must know whenever it's an economic history means 1750s so before 1750s after 1750s political wise i discussed 1948 to 1750s 1750s to 1850s 1850s to 1950s economic wise before 1750s after 1750s here 1498 here is 1947 so in this why 1750s was two things happened one as british started to conquer started to conquer at the same time outside is industrial revolution was started in britain so that took place around 1750s sir before 1750s now just to confine to the economy before 1750s there was no industrial revolution that was no machine age in throughout the world rather than through all practice the hand it depends on handicraft industries both in britain as well as in india we had a great achievements in the handicraft industries before 1750s our handicraft industries are far superior when come to the compared to the british that's why many european came to india and purchased our product not the raw material it's a finished product that's why before 1750s balance of trade was always favorable to india so that is the reason jahangir akbar sajagan gave grants of setting up of the companies to them because it's a favorable to us throughout the world just handicraft industries were there so it was a great opportunity that's why during sajagan period trade revolution took place in indians subcontinent even the british and the european started to lament that what kind of lament means one famous statement is there after the traveling of the gold and silver bullions at last it sink into a country called india so balance of trade was favorable to india but after 1750s when industrial revolution was started the commerce trade and commerce position was completely changed we started to export raw material and we started to import the finished goods but here finished goods were exported before 1750s but here raw material raw material means related to the agriculture it agriculture means whether food crops or cash crops means all are the cash crops cotton jute tea coffee this thing this was one of the impact of the british after 1750s and continued till 1947 so this things you must to know that led to the commercialization of the indian agriculture so what is commercialization mean instead of cultivating the food crops cultivating the cash crop is called the commercialization so with this 19th century that's why before 1750s means different here 19th century mean 1800 1800 onwards with this lettuce increase the export of indian handicraft no absolutely wrong because when industrial revolution was started raw material was exported finished goods were imported what happened complete destruction of our handicraft industries complete destruction of our handicraft industries because we couldn't sustain before the industrialized britain the growth of number of indian owned factories that's wrong the growth of number of british owned factory that to subservient to the indian economy that's absolutely wrong commercialization of the indian agriculture yes that's what we discussed this is the right answer rapid increase to the urban population so this is the right answer but we i must discuss the fourth choice also actually this is wrong rapid increase of the rural population rather than the urban population it's logical outcome whenever handicraft industries were started to decline people started to abandon such cities and lost job and started to settle in village started to perform agriculture that produced one impact called ruralization ruralization of the indian demography so instead of urbanization during the british period india witnessed ruralization so these were the impact of the british rule one is end of handicraft industry that is called deindustrialization deindustrialization second thing is commercialization and third thing is ruralization so these three things where the direct impact of the british rule in india that too after industrial revolution so in this always by heart these three things deindustrialization commercialization ruralization this is one of the impact so political wise phase r3 here economy wise here 1750s it's good for india after 1750s complete destruction of the urban industries now this is a recent 2018 question consider the following statement first democratically affected party that's a communist party government was formed in the indian states affected party it's a communist one in the indian state yes no doubt the kerala in 1957 election that to the second general election no doubt this question is related to the post independence and consolidation part in this first democratically affected communist party it's not commitment communist party was formed in a state the state is kerala in 1957 the second general action why not in first general election actually first general election was held in 1951 52 at the time there was no state reorganization there was no southern four state rather than all were called as the madras state that's all there was no kerala there was no Mysore state there was no andhra pradesh rather than all were part and parcel of the madras state that's why right in 1951 52 congress got majority in this area but 1957 after state reorganization commission that is facility commission kerala was created Mysore state was created andhra pradesh was created and the remaining is called madras state so with this all the four southern state faced the election in this 1957 the communist captured power in kerala the great leaders called nambudri pod he must nambudri pod became the first communist leader under to become the chief minister in kerala so 1957 indias then largest bank imperial bank of india was renamed as state bank of india this took place around 1955 so what happened earlier it was called when it was started in 1920s it was called as imperial bank later in 1955 it was renamed as state bank of india in 1955 actually even the imperial bank was not actually started in 1920s earlier what happened is it was the bank of madras bank of provincial bank of bombay and provincial bank of kalkata these three were merged and called as imperial bank started to functions in 1920s in 1955 it was renamed as state bank so in 1955 air india was nationalized and became the carrier in 1956 goa became the part of the independent india in 1962 because the portuguese were adamant to leave it that led to the army operation that army operation is called operation vijay after that army operation in 1962 that otherwise just you keep it 1960s liberator goa so with this you could easily one is in 1955 now this one this one is in 1955 and this one is 1956 so if you go through that first thing here so three is the right one and next you come to whether two or one is the two yes two is the right and next 1955 1956 next is 1957 one and last goa became the part in 1960s this one so answer is b so you no need to always remember the exact year just to have an idea so first time in 2018 and 19 they they started to ah 18 they started to ask more number of questions from the pac part also just go through the pac part along with the polity questions may be asked so try to study modern india in this way if any question is asked related to sirium that is 1930 quittindian women or indian national army don't just study that year also alone you just to go back to the fires before what happened in 1925 to 1930 then it's very easy to understand sirium one sirium is over in 1934 you just what impact and did it produce if you study likewise many student would concentrate if sirium or nc I mean just that year 1930 to 1934 a non-cooperation woman 1922 to 1922 1922 just to go back five years before and what kind of impact it produced if you study like this you will have the great continuity and you no need to by heart the years again and again and never by heart the years again and again rather than continuity is the logic and it's a magic to open the key of the prelims definitely you could clear in this so I think the session would be useful to you people and once again I wish you all the people for your prelims exam do very well thank you