 Hello. Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I'm Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls 2D College, University of Allahabad. And nowadays we are discussing various issues over primary education or elementary education, you can say. And this time I'm going to discuss the most talked about act related to education in India, right to education, RTE Act 2009. Okay. And in general, this lecture, this video is very useful for all of us, all Indians. Okay. So first of all, right to education act 2009. He free and compulsory education, but then it was not legal. Then what was it? Directive principles of state policy. The constitution mandated the state, this state was not optional, it was not optional, it was an important form. It was called as a free and compulsory education to endeavor to provide, free and compulsory education, all children, all children up to age 14 in a period of 10 years. He says that as soon as the state was free, the constitution was written, it was said that within the 10 years of the constitution, you, I mean, every state should try to give free and compulsory education to every child up to the age of 14. So this is so old and we have not been able to achieve it until today and because there were a lot of difficulties, there were a lot of loopholes in it, that's why the law was given to them. How was it given? We have gone through it. Article 45 was in the form of Directive Principles of State Policy. Then after that, we get the first official document in which the right to education is talked about. That is the Ram Murti committee report. Today's Ram Murti committee report, which was presented in 1990, this is the first official document in which the right to education was talked about. Apart from this, the Supreme Court, in its judgment, in Unnikrishnan J.P. versus Andhra Pradesh, 1993. I mean, in 1993, the Supreme Court is giving this judgment that every children of the country has a fundamental right to free education until they complete 14 years of age. Look, why do you think of 14 years of age? 6 to 14, 6 to 14, you must be thinking, why? Because pre-prime re-education was not there then. So, the child's class was admission in the first grade. And what was the age of the first? It was 6 years. We, you have seen, your parents, our parents started studying from grade 1. And the child was almost, because the child was not admission for 3 to 4 years, the child was admission for 6 years, then it was admission, he went directly to the first grade. And then, from grade 1 to 8th grade, when elementary education was done, then it was 6 to 14. That is, the child of 14 years of elementary education will complete. From where to which grade? 8th grade. They are saying that from grade 1 to 5th, that is primary. And 6th, 7th, 8th, upper primary. That is why when they talk about UPE, Universalization of Primary Education, then they talk about 5th education, then they talk about completing the 5th standard. When they talk about UEE, then they talk about the 8th standard of education. So, this is the concept of 6 to 14. So, the Supreme Court gives its judgment and says that the law of every child in the country is right. It is fundamental right. That you will give it free education, until it becomes the age of 14 years. Or it means that the class should not complete elementary education. Then comes an important amendment 2002. When we were making an amendment in 2006, it was new. In 2002, it used to be very popular. Then the 6th and the 4th, the 12th, the 12th, the question of which amendment in 2006, which amendment was made, in 2002, which article was made, article 21a insert the constitution it is six amendment act 2002 inserted article 21st a in the constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to 14 years as a fundamental right in such a manner as the state may by law determine it is the state may by law determine it is the only one who can be called law it is the law legislation means you cannot go against it in the court here because it says state may by law determine because the state will determine it so the state that we have left the right of determination it is written so much state may by law determine because of this this law could not be made completely but it was said in 2002 that free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to 14 years as a fundamental right but it was still missing because it was stuck in this state may by law determine clause then what happened it is sixth amendment provided for a follow-up legislation for right to education bill 2008 and finally right to education act 2009 the right of children to free and compulsory education RTE act 2009 which represents the consequential legislation that every child has a right to full-time elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality satisfies certain essential norms and standards need to address inadequacies in retention residual excess particularly of unreached children and equations of quality are the most compelling reasons for the insertion of article 21a in the constitution of india and the passage of the RTE act 2009 in the parliament. then with effect from 1 april 2000 on 1st april 2010 free education says that means that no child other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate government shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education compulsory education and obligation on the appropriate government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the school appropriate government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission india has moved forward to a right based framework that casts legal obligation on the central and state governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the article 21a children between 6 to 14 years of age has the right of free and compulsory education until the complete elementary education first pre primary education Pre-primary, say, class 1st to 6th, that means from 1st to 8th, 6th to 14th. And pre-primary is also very early, I mean, when it comes to pre-primary education, it's not a concept, it's just a class 1st mission. The concept of ECCE comes later, early childhood care and education. Okay, then no holding back of child in the same class, or expelled till the completion of elementary education. They are saying that until the child doesn't complete his elementary education, you will not stop him in class, or you will remove him from the class. You will not stop him in the class, I mean, you will not stop him in the class. I mean, no tension has come that you will not fail anyone. You will not stop him in the same class. This means stopping him in the class. Special training, oh my God, this is training, it's raining. Special training will be provided for children of the age group who has not been admitted in any school and could not complete his or her elementary education for admission to class appropriate to their age. If the child is not trained in formal education, then you will prepare special training for him, which will be appropriate to his age. No child shall be denied admission to school on any ground, on any basis, on any ground, on the basis of class, on the basis of caste, on the basis of religion, on any basis, you cannot deny admission to any child. Then prescribed new norms for schools with regard to teacher-pupil ratio, infrastructure and different facilities meant for the students. Now, we have to accept new norms for the students that how much education and education is required, whether the infrastructure is basic or needed, whether there are different facilities for the children or not. Then mandates, improvement in quality of education. The goal of education is mandatory. Meaning, you have to do it. No child is subject to physical punishment and mental harassment. You cannot trouble any child with any physical punishment and mental punishment. Schools can be closed down if not medial norms set forth in the schedule of the act. He is saying that the schedule in which the act is written, if there is no education, then the education will be shut down. Financial burden will be shared between state and central government. Because you know that Fikshah comes in the concurrent list, Rajya and Kendra are both in this category, so the burden of financial burden will be shared with Rajya and Kendra. Now, the ratio will be set that 25-75 is 60-40 is 30-70. Bands collection of any capitation, PN, screening test for admission and private tuition. Our private tuition, capitation and fees will not be taken. And no screening test will be taken during admission. Special provision for children with special needs. Because the concept of inclusive education has come, then CWSN, children with special needs, will have a special provision for the children. So that all children up to the age of 6-14 years can be elementary. So that all children can be elementary. Instead of term and examinations, a new system of evaluation called continuous and comprehensive evaluation, that is, CCEs to be implemented in all these schools. They are saying that now, children who study in classes around you do not have anything like 1 year early, 1 year early examination. Now CCEs are running, and we have to study a little more, and then start asking questions favorably. Like in a way, it means that we have to immediately give feedback. We keep asking them questions continuously. So it's continuous and comprehensive. It means that in Sir English Classwork, it means that education has been inbuilt, not like we have to study everything completely and then the last evolution will be done, So the teaching will continue, the evaluation will continue and it will be comprehensive. That means, along with quantitative, it will be qualitative. A lot of aspects are judged and evaluated. And clearly defines and specifies committee as well as duties and responsibilities of teachers and parents towards implementation of the Act. This means that the responsibility of the parent is also there. The responsibility of the parent is not the responsibility of the whole nation. You send your children to school. And whatever your duties and responsibilities are, in the implementation of this Act, they have to fulfill the teacher, parent, and everyone. So these very important things are covered by RTE Act 2009. There is a lot to know about it. But we wanted to share a journey of RTE Act 2009 with you. First of all, the Constitution was in Article 45. It was in the DPSP, Directive Principles of State Policy, where it was said that the state will endeavor to provide. After that, when Chia Seema was mentioned in 1990, the Supreme Court said that the child should have a fundamental right. After that, Chia Seema, who came in 2002, gave a fundamental right. But he said that in the state, by law, it is not determined by law. The state will try according to its laws and regulations. So there was no consequential legislation in this Act. You could not do any work in this Act, if you could. Then gradually, gradually this bill passed in 2008 and was made in 2009. In your country, in India, in the year of India, this is the law. That is, now education is the right of every child. Every child has the right to the law. You can not do any work in this Act. Okay? So a very interesting journey of RTE Act 2009 has been covered in this very video. So thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel, Explore Education. I have done from my side.