 This is a topic for this session because nationalism is considered as an important aspect of a society from where one can imagine how a society think and shapes the political culture of a system. So there are basically two broader perspectives about nationalism and they are known as the structuralist and the constructivist. So the first school of thought they believe and many political sociologists and political scientists they have contributed regarding the promotion of this concept and their basic philosophy is that nationalism is a form of consciousness which in return surrounds the structures of state that create social order. They believe that nationalism basically is a phenomenon which when created then behind it all the operating structures they contribute. So basically they think that nations retained a shared culture inherent in the nation as community or group so their particular and regular practice of the culture basically that shared practice creates the feeling of nationalism. So another perspective regarding nationalism is that nationalism is emerging out named human population which shares myth, memories, a mass public culture, designated homeland, economic unity and equal rights. When people are together for a long time when they have shared interest then actually the feeling of nationalism creates. The other school of thought they believe that again some of the political sociologists they are the followers of the school of thought and they have the feeling that the majority of inhabitants or members of any given nation they even do not know each other and sometimes even they do not have seen the faces of each other but still they have the same feelings regarding their community and regarding the common interest of each other. So they believe that they are a group and this feeling of group actually promotes the feeling of nationalism. So we can analyze that these two school of thought although they are a little bit different from each other but still they have some common assumptions and the common assumptions or the main characteristics of the concept of nationalism there lies that there must be a group a group which shares some common interests. These common interests can be on the basis of culture, on the basis of economic benefits or even they can have some common beliefs. These common beliefs can be on the basis of the common beliefs. These common beliefs can be religious affiliation. These common beliefs can be with some language. These can be with some racial unity. People who have a common relationship with each other, people who speak a single language there must also have a feeling that a particular group creates a feeling of nationalism. This feeling of nationalism although it has faced so many crises like in the era of industrialization now even in the era of speedy communication the feeling of a group now has to face many challenges. For example if a group has all the facilities in one place but the entire group is not present there but the system facilitates it, then will the feeling of nationalism become weak? Or the challenges that are coming up today the feeling of group loyalty will still exist. So this is quite an interesting debate. Historically the feeling of nationalism we saw that for a very long time political scientists started this debate then political sociologists contributed in their own way that a group is very important and specifically in the name of nationalism because nationalism is a sense, nationalism is a feeling and nationalism is basically the mark of the unity. That group in which a single base will have unity and a single base will link their identity with each other. So wherever they face any challenge they also wish to face that challenge together.