 All right, we're going to go ahead and get started. Then welcome to how to create and share primary source sets. This is part of our Docs Teach for Virtual Learning series. We've got more of these coming up. The next one is on Thursday, so we hope you will join us again in two days for that. Docs Teach is a website that's really full of primary source documents from the holdings of the National Archives, as well as online activities that you can use with your students. So today, we're really going to focus on those primary sources. Thursday, we'll talk more about using the online activities that you can find on the site to teach virtually. But today, we're really, as I said, focusing on those primary sources. And it's almost the simpler part of Docs Teach, but it's really helpful. It can be really useful, especially teaching in this virtual environment. So what I am going to show you today is how to create primary source sets on Docs Teach to find primary source documents on Docs Teach and how to compile them into folders that you can share with your students while you're teaching virtually. So to get started, I'm actually going to go to one of these folders that I already set up. And I just chose an example for today of Westward Expansion. Some of you may be teaching this when you get your classes going again here in a month or so. So Westward Expansion, I've chosen some documents here. I've got a variety of documents. And so this is what my folder would look like that I could share with my students. I've got Homestead Act-related documents moving Westward documents, a variety of documents as well, textual documents, photographs, maps, et cetera. So I'm going to show how to get to this finished product. So we're going to go right back to the home page of Docs Teach to get started with our document search. Now, I want to point out that I am already logged in on the site, so that'll make a difference in a minute. So to create these folders of primary source documents, you do need to be logged in. So it's a free account if you don't already have one. But I'm going to go ahead and click on primary source documents here. And this brings us to our document search page. And I'm just going to go ahead and type westward expansion here and do a quick search and see what we get. Now, as you can see, we've got a whole variety of documents found, 110 different ones. That would be overwhelming for our students. So we're going to narrow down and choose the ones that we want to put into our westward expansion primary source set. So when I've got to my results page, I'm going to click on Date here to go ahead and sort these primary sources so I can get into the error that I'm talking about. For this example, I am going to be picking documents for the Civil War post-Civil War westward expansion period. So while we know the United States was certainly expanding west earlier than that, that's the unit that I've just chosen as an example here. So I'm going to move ahead in time here since I sorted these by date. I'm going from older to newer. And I can go ahead and get. Now I'm starting to get into the time period that I'm looking for. And I'm going to go ahead and get started by clicking on Homestead Act here. So this is the Homestead Act. We probably, if you teach the Homestead Act, you probably don't often teach the actual act. But this is it. This is what it looks like from May, 20, 1862. This is in the Holdings of the National Archives. And here on Docs Teach, you can zoom in on this document. We can see here that this is an act to secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain. And we've got multiple pages of the document. I can click through the document to view the multiple pages. And just showing you sort of an outline of what this kind of document page looks like to start with. Just an overview. Here we have more of a description of this document providing some historical background. This document, since this is a bit tough to read, this one includes a transcription. Not all of our documents on Docs Teach have transcriptions. But in this case, we provided one. We're increasingly trying to provide those for documents that are a bit difficult to read. There's more information, including why this is in the Holdings of the National Archives, where it came from. And also, down here, you'll see some activities that use this document. So again, we're not going to go into these online activities in this webinar today. But you can see the Homestead Act is quite popular. It's been used in many documents, or excuse me, many activities that have been created by educators with Docs Teach accounts. You can see some of these, for instance, reasons for westward expansion here, the settlement of the American West, what else was happening during the Civil War. You can see that these were created by the National Archives Education Team. So we note that so that you are easier to identify those that we have created here at the National Archives. So if I scroll back up now, I'm going to draw your attention to a few other buttons up here that are really useful when we're talking about distance learning, teaching online. We've got, if you wanted to, this document could be printed out. So we've got this Print button here. There's also a download icon here, where you can download all the images of the document, if that's how it's easier to share with students. That way, this plus sign is for adding this document to Activities, which we'll talk about on Thursday. And then here, we've got this star button. And that's what I really want to show you today. So I'm going to click on this button to add it to my favorites. And I've got, if I click on this, I've got multiple folders that I've created in the past. But I'm going to just leave this as it is to create a new folder and put this document into it. So I'm going to click Add. And this is going to add the Homestead Act to a brand new folder that I've just made. But I noticed, I'm going to go down here. And I noticed that in this description, it talked about Daniel Freeman making the first claim under the Homestead Act. So I'm going to go ahead and click on that to check out this document, or these documents. And so here, yeah, we can see what we have in our holdings. We've got this actual Homestead application number one. So this is it, the very, you can see application number one here, the very first application made under the Homestead Act. I'm going to click through to the next document related to Daniel Freeman. And here we've got Daniel Freeman's proof required under the Homestead Act. So while the Homestead Act itself is, I don't know that it's as accessible for students, right? It is rather lengthy for them to read. It's legal language. It's a congressional document. It's in script. And this might be a little bit more accessible to use this actual proof. A lot of times when we teach the Homestead Act, we are talking about what was required to get that land under the Homestead Act. And this really lays it out here. So we've got Daniel Freeman's name, says that he's a head of a family. It talks about where his house is built. It talks about the improvements on the house, et cetera. So on Doc's Siege, because we have primary source documents from the Holdings of the National Archives, we have a lot to draw on in terms of what kind of primary sources we choose to put onto Doc's Siege. We have records from primary source documents, historical records from all three branches of government and all different parts of the government. So we might have these very formal acts of Congress or laws, but we also have their application in documents like this. So I'm gonna go ahead and star this document. And now in my list, I can find, it just gave it a name of today's date and the time I created this folder. So I'm just gonna go with that title for right now while I continue to add documents to this folder. And then I'm gonna go ahead and just check out our next document on the list. Here's our Daniel Freeman's final certificate, showing that he received his land under the Homestead Act. I'm gonna add that one to my folder as well. So click star, choose my folder created on August 4th and add it to that folder. Now I could also, I did a very general search for Westwood expansion, but if I go up to menu here and documents, which will bring me back to the document search page, I could get more specific. So I could actually do a search, an exact phrase search for Homestead Act. And that would really narrow down. So it went from 110 to 20. And some of them we've seen the Homestead Act itself, Daniel Freeman's paperwork. But these are the ones we've seen so far are more, they are government documents and it's nice to provide a variety. So when you're pulling primary source sets together, you wanna provide that variety of documents. And so for instance, this photograph that's in our holdings is a primary source document, a photograph from 1866, actually showing a family in their covered wagon, headed out West in Nebraska in this case. And so I'm gonna add that one to my folder as well. So again, click the star button, find my folder and go ahead and add it to my document. So that's gonna bring in that more personal element to it. Now what I'm gonna do is return to those search results and see what else would be useful for this primary source set. I'm gonna clip on this document here. So again, a variety of types of documents we have here, it's worth it to find different types and pull them together so that your students can see history from different sides and also consider what are these documents? Who made them? What was the position of the creator of the document? What were they trying to do? So in this case, this document is claiming Indian territory that Garden of the World is now open for homestead and preemption. This is actually a poster in our holdings and this is a poster with a map included in it here. And if we go down and there's a lot of details to look at here, this is one of the most popular documents on Docs Teach that teachers like to use. You can see down here, it's coming from a general ticket agent and this is actually from a railroad company. So this is actually an advertisement to get settlers out to the point where they might claim some land. So obviously this document is gonna bring up a larger conversation about the land and who owns the land and some treaties, et cetera. So that's the document that I wanna go ahead and include in this primary source test. So I'm gonna, again, choose that folder and add this document to the list. I'm gonna go ahead and go just back to those results. I noticed when I was looking at this ahead of time, one more kind of fun document. So we have several other documents here related to the Oklahoma land rush. You might get a kick out of this, another Homestead proof. I will now add this to my folder, but you may recognize the name here. This is a Homestead proof testimony of Almanzo Wilder, husband of Laura Ingalls Wilder, of course, of Little House on the Prairie fame. And this is a digital image of the actual proof of that Almanzo Wilder, for Almanzo Wilder's Homestead, which is pretty neat. All right, I'm gonna go back and go back to the menu and document and do another document search here. So again, you might wanna search for a broad topic like Westward expansion. You might wanna think about subtopics to search for in that case. So what if I search for the transcontinental railroad? Obviously an important part of Westward expansion I have several primary sources here. For instance, this image of joining the tracks. We've got another image coming up related to that. So here's our golden spike ceremony and promontory point. And I'm gonna go ahead and add this one to my folder. This document, this would be a great one to think about perspectives in history and representation in history. For instance, who is or isn't represented in this photograph. This is clearly a choreograph photograph celebrating this moment, but of course, we know for instance that there are many, many Chinese laborers that worked on the railroad that are not pictured in this photograph. So this type of document can be a real conversation point for talking about representation in the historical record as well. Let's see what else we've got for railroad here. Here's a bridge in Wyoming. If you teach about the terrain that the railroad had to get through the difficulty of building the railroad, you could add that one to our folder as well. I could also, I'm gonna return to my results down here and show you that I could also filter my results here. So if I click on refine by era or document type here, I can choose a document type. And in this case, I'm gonna select map and see, well, what maps do we have related to the railroad? If I click on this survey from Omaha, Nebraska to San Francisco, California, then here is, we have many, many maps in our holding. So this is also a great type of document to pair and again, to mix the different types of documents that you include in your primary source set. So I can really zoom in on this map, see it's coming from Nebraska. You can see the Union Pacific railroad line here and how it's going to make its way through the Rocky Mountains and all the way to California. Can't remember if I put that in my folder. So I'm gonna go ahead and do it again. See, I'm gonna go back to my document search and choose an even more specific topic now. If we look for barbed wire, which we know is important as part of westward expansion on the plains for fencing and cattle industry, we have many, many, many patents from United States Patent Office that have come to be archived at the National Archives. So in this case, you have an 1874 patent for barbed wire that you could include in this folder of primary sources. And I'll just do one more example here of a sort of subtopic again, back to menu into documents here. What if I search for timing? We know that was another reason that people were drawn westward. So we have a variety of mining related imagery here and documents, including from out west, places like Virginia City, Nevada. Here we have a minor at work and we could include this in our folder as well. So I've just found a sampling of documents that we've included in our folder now. And I wanna to go ahead and show you now, I showed you when we started how we, what that finished product looked like, but now that we've created it, how do you find it and how do you organize it? So what I'm gonna do is click on menu and go into my account and click on my documents. And here are a variety of folders that I have created in the past here. And I'm gonna go down to look under F because remember it just had that sort of generic folder created on date. And here it is, you can see all these documents that I just added into this folder. And if I click over here on this edit icon, I can click on it and rename this folder. So I can go ahead and name this westward expansion and rename the folder. All right, so now it's at the top of my list here. Here are all the documents that I've added. We've got some check boxes here. So if you ever wanted to, for instance, remove any documents that you just select this drop down and you can remove them, copy them, move them to a different folder, create a new folder, et cetera. I'm gonna do that right now, but I will show you where you have this link icon next to the name of your folder. Go ahead and click on that. And here you've got the link to share this folder. So just copy that link and then go ahead, if you paste that in your browser, then you see the final product of the folder that you just created. And again, you see the variety of documents that you've got here. Definitely encourage selecting a variety, both in terms of accessibility, how well your students can read them and analyze them with a type of document as well. And so what kinds of things can you do with this folder full of primary sources, this primary source that you just created? Well, you could go ahead, for one thing, if you're teaching online, if you are in your full class or a small group Zoom, meaning your Google Meet or whatever virtual, or excuse me, video platform you're using, you could screen share this folder and walk through these images with your students. Pointing out details, asking them to point details, analyzing the documents. So that's one option you could do. For instance, if you looked at the homestead proof of Daniel Freeman, you could zoom in and you could give your students a moment and say, I want you to type into the chat box or virtually raise your hand and let me know a requirement that you can tell that this person had to fulfill in order to get their homestead. Another thing that you could do, if I go back to my folder here, is to take this link, the link that you found on your My Documents page, the link to get to this folder and share that directly with your students. So if you have a learning management system that you use in LMS, like Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, any of those, you can just paste this there and your students can click on it and they will come exactly to this page and be able to interact with these documents just as we have. Specifically, if you use Google Classroom in your district, there's this green Google Classroom button just above the title. You can click on that. If you do, it will open the Google Classroom interface where you can create an assignment, include this link, and when your students go into their Google Classroom to do that assignment, they will click on the link and end up exactly on this page, again, where they can interact with these documents. You also, you know, you can put them together in this way that you have, you know, your primary source set available for an entire curriculum unit that maybe you refer back to as you move through the unit. This is, these are the primary sources you're working with in conjunction with other resources that you're using to teach or perhaps you use it for one particular lesson. What you could do instead of doing a broad topic like what expert expansion is to focus, pull a few primary sources together about subtopics or just smaller topics where you actually get a different link for different groups of students. So you could put your students into small groups, give each small group a different link, have those students visit and observe and analyze the primary source set that they've been given and come back in your full class, Zoom, Google Meet, you know, video meeting and have small groups share out what they have found. You could do that with individual documents. You could have students pick a document or you could assign different students different documents and have them share out in your full class setting what they have learned by looking at these particular documents. So it can be a way to differentiate. You could have different documents for different students and it, you know, however you wanna use it but it's got a lot of flexibility here for you to use on your virtual platform. Of course, the other thing you can do with all of this is, you know, instead of putting these into a document folder or primary source set you could actually pull these together into an online activity or find an online activity exists that pulls together documents like this and that step we'll cover in our next webinar on Thursday. Before I stop, I wanna just show you just a couple of more examples of some folders that I created. So I'm gonna go to my account and my documents again and I'm gonna click on this transportation in time folder. So again, I've got the link I could share with my students. I'm gonna paste that into my browser address bar and I'm gonna go to this what I called transportation in time folder. So here is a, for instance, if you wanted to use this with much younger children you could, the younger grades, you could pull just a couple of primary sources. I certainly wouldn't recommend more than that. And if you have pre-students that are not reading yet then photographs are a great way to do it. So this same family with a cupboard wagon photograph you could, in your full class you could ask students to point out details and look at the photograph and you could do the same for the second photograph which is a really very similar photograph but you could use these two photographs to talk about time. Which of these photographs is older and why do you think? And by going through that process where they might notice that's a horse, strong wagon and this is a car they are practicing some skills of historical contextualization and using clues and really analyzing primary sources on a basic level. All right, one more example. My account, my documents, I'm gonna go into a different folder. Here's another one I pulled together for some younger students maybe not quite pre-reading age but maybe a little bit older but certainly one that could be used with elementary students. This one has to do a civic participation and you could pull together a sampling of primary sources for how is it that we can participate in our government and in our community as citizens or as interested party. And so we've got a few examples here. So for instance, you could click on this document and show them what are these people doing? Okay, this is voting, this is from a different time but voting is one thing we can do to participate. Here's a youth march. So we've got some students marching for integrated schools here, making your voice heard. Here's another way to participate. Here we have a petition to Congress and students might not be creating petitions to Congress but certainly petitioning is a way where if you disagree with something or you want to make your voice heard about something someone is deciding on, you can put together a petition and sign several names to it to show the support for an idea and making your voice heard through writing to representatives. So we'll be the last document I show you today but here's a document to President Ford asking for a kid's day since we have a father's day and a mother's day. Why can't we have a kid's day? So this is certainly participation in government in a way and making your ideas heard. So those are just a few ways that you can pull primary sources together into primary source sets. And thanks for watching. I'd love to answer any questions you might have and we hope to see you at our next webinars that are coming up this week and next week.