 Welcome back to human-humane architecture here in downtown Honolulu, on another beautiful early evening. Today's show will be actually in the center in the focus of not only the show, but also of Tink-Tek, Hawaii, because of the interface between science and humanities. And we have a very special guest, Dr. Antonio, today. And so we're going to talk about a show, a symposium that's going on tomorrow at the Kansas Center here in downtown Kakaako, we have to say, and it's from 8.30 to 6.00 tomorrow. And you're basically going to talk about your very special research within the conference, which is about cities and urban development and what role technology plays in it. And before we introduce you and you introduce yourself, Zuri is going to play a little clip here that's going to introduce the subject matter. And this is called the Morgan City. So why don't you talk a little bit about what we see now in the video. So, you know, we see a scenario, a way on how the future of the city could look like. So, you know, we will face many problems in the future due to demographic changes, due to scare resources, due to increase of population, and we need to cover those problems and we need to cover them fast, because we're not able to wait another 10 years to see what's happened. And the idea was to set up a program, a scenario, which we call Morganstadt, in order to see, okay, how the future of tomorrow could develop and what needs to be done now in order to reach the goals. And when you say we, can you please share what particular position the society, because Fraunhofer Gesellschaft means a society, and also have to say that you come straight all the way from half around the world, from Germany. You came last night, and so thank you for holding up wealth with the jet lag. And so please tell us a little bit more about what the Fraunhofer Society is and what your role is within. The Fraunhofer is a non-profit organization in the area of applied science. Applied science means to be between universities and the companies. And to be, let's say, the catalysts between the research done in the university towards the companies. Fraunhofer is a quite big organization. We have 67 institutes, 24,000 employees, or like, let's say, engineers, PhDs and stuff like this. And we focus on mainly every technology field you could imagine. We have, besides having institutes in Germany, we follow also the customers. So we have places also in the U.S., for example, in China, Korea, Japan, and so on, in order to do research at the front end of the customer. We have around 2 billion euro, which is 2.2 billion U.S. dollar budget every year. And we have a different business model than you may think about. We get 30% of our income is due to the government. So the federal government and the local government is paying a contribution. 40% is due to research projects that we need to apply to for grants. And 30 to 40, it depends on the institute, the person is money from the industry. We need to be, let's say, if you work at the front end, you have to have an entrepreneurial mindset. Because you need to sell what you have researched to a company. So when you apply for grants, the first question I do to myself also is, is there a need of the topic what you want to research in two years from now? Because if not, you may be not starting to set up competences in a field which you may not be able to get the financial backflow. My president would probably like that idea, which I know about discussions, and he's actually our concluding speaker tomorrow at the conference. And to add, the conference is called Germany-Hawaii Clean Energy Symposium. That's how it's officially called. The speaker is actually an opening act speaker. But actually the audience or the speaker sort of constellation is also comprised of actually the entities that you were talking about. So there's you guys from the Fraunhofer Society, and there's also sort of industry representatives. A couple of them I had the chance to actually meet today as Mercedes-Benz Energy, as MTU, Rose Royce, and a couple of other ones. We have big players who are actually interested in us here, which we feel kind of quite privileged, right? So it's comprised of that. I think we, all the audience, a little translation because that project and the video clip, the Morgan studs, we got to translate that. Would you be willing to sort of decode where that name comes from or where it tries to stay? Morgan means it's a German word, which means tomorrow. So the question was okay because it was a project initiated by the president of the Fraunhofer Society to give it a German name, a German name which is maybe also transferable to other countries. And the idea, the purpose of this Morgan stud project was to identify future needs in an urban context and to strategically think about technology developments because Fraunhofer, you know, we develop technologies, future technologies. And in order to develop a technology for future, I need to understand what is the requirement of the future. In the context of urban technologies, there are many, many different requirements and it depends also on how you see the future of a city. We have several places, a city of Jakarta, for example, who will face totally different challenges than New York or then Stuttgart and Honolulu, for example. So that's a challenging part of it. And I allow myself to illustrate a little bit in the background because of course the question is what of that concept could be applicable to us here in Hawaii, especially in our metropolis of Honolulu. And I allow it to, because we had little time to prepare at least as far as material, I allow it to basically illustrate that with a project I've been doing with the emerging generation of architects as an educator here. And I've themed it basically Don Town, Honolulu. And it plays off, I mean, certainly the name-givers of the Morgan Stutt came from Tomorrowland, which is sort of a scenario from the movie world and basically playing on that one. So what the audience will see in the background, which I won't discuss because it's more important to hear about your position where this comes from, but it's a potential application for our very monofunctional urban fabric of downtown Honolulu, which we're actually sitting here, which is a 925 work on the falls dead after. So an urban fabric that could be actually regenerated and rejuvenated. And every other picture is, one is basically an idealized vision, these are the models and the other ones are actually sort of realistic pictures of the components and bits and pieces of what I've been doing with my family firm in Hanover, Germany. So these are the components to a potential Morgan city. And let's jump a little bit more into that Morgan city because you have actually told me that as far as wrapping you guys' arms around this huge potential but also challenge of a city, it's very interdisciplinary, but once it comes down to the city you have basically categorized sort of the research or certain strategies into three major categories and maybe we start with the first one, which I'm very happy you didn't call it smart city because you're smarter than that because it has become an inflationary term that you call it strong city. So what is a strong city? So just to give you and I had some comments on how we worked on that we tried to understand what the future, how the future could look like. You don't have a glass bowl to see this is the future. So it is wise to think about different futures and then you hopefully cope the real future then in time. So we set up a scenario and we identified influencing factors I think it was around 200 influence factors for cities. From those influence factors we extracted 31 key factors which will have a strong influence on the others and with those we set up three scenarios. So three ways of future could look like and one is the strong city scenario this is a scenario where the city as such has a big influence on the whole system. So the citizen is contributing financially to the government and the government takes care about let's say everything. There's mobility for free because you paid for it. Energy will be very centralized and so on. And you said for example Singapore is a good example for that. Yes, Singapore is a good example for a strong city. The question for us as a Fraunhofer is what does this city concept imply in terms of technology? Let's make an example for if we have a trend in Germany towards decentralized energy storage and energy generation. Because we have solar panels, we have wind energies, we have water and so on and the question is how can we deal with this kind of issue. So if you have a strong city you have a big kind of battery, big storage for the energy where everything is flowing inside and these have a totally different technological approach as if you take the other scenario the strong citizen which is the contrary scenario where the citizen is taking care about everything and he will have his small battery in his house where he connects his solar panels and his television for example. That was the challenge for us. It's a very good analysis and obviously the question that we could categorize that where we're here in Honolulu and I'll leave this up to the audience because there's probably no easy answer to that but you could also call it maybe that one the first one the strong city is a top-down model right whereas the second one is a bottom-up. And I think you know you said then obviously we said there are three models so these are probably the most extreme ones so in many cases probably the reality lies somewhere in between. That might be the third model. That's the third model which we call the strong district. So you have the cities are composed of districts and the districts have a kind of border be it a real border where walls or something or streets or a virtual border and those districts try to solve their challenges in the context of urbanism by themselves. And there is a good actually Honolulu has set up sort of already sort of frameworks and districts as that the one where you stay now in your hotel is your hospitality district. This is Waikiki, right? It's a very monofunctional purely sort of guest-based neighborhood and there is the one where in here and we try to focus or point out the potential rejuvenation rethinking in the background here which is downtown Honolulu which you want to convert into downtown Honolulu based upon the morning city concept and then there is actually Kakaako and Kakaako is the one where conference is tomorrow at the Cancer Center. And that one I think is pretty much struggling with sort of the third sort of concept. It tries to be, you know, that and the question is what kind of potential does it have as far as land ownership, right? The difference I think we can say in Germany is that sort of the areas which are sort of up for experimental exploration is where actually the city or the government takes the position, takes the staff and Hamburg, the Harbour City is like the city bought it and hands-on and we're giving strict rules and regulations for innovation, right? Whereas here in Kakaako we have private land ownership. We actually did a little walkie-tecture to that chance to guide and we went for the Kamehameha school part and to the Howard Hughes part so it became very sort of clear to the visiting industry members what potential sort of dilemmas and also potentials are. So what are the most exciting parts of that sort of future city for you as far as, you know, professionally and also cities of anything or about life, right? So what, I mean there's a sort of the rational part but then there's also the emotional part. So what gets you going when you think about it both as sort of a researcher and as a human being? Oh, that's a good question. You know, technologies are cold. Technology is not something with it, not something which is life. But we need technologies because we have scared resources. I think you and in Hawaii know much better than us what it means because every apple needs to be imported from other places and stuff. You know, if you take this metaphor on a global level we don't have a second world out there which supplies us apples or pineapples or whatever. So we need to take care about the resources which we have right now. There is two ways to take care about one is to be more efficient. The other way is to find substitutions. For example, the scared urses, big problem with scared urses they are needed to set up to build smart phones and we have very rare sources for that. So for a number of researchers but also other researchers around the world are trying to rebuild the function of this germanium with nanoparticles. And nanoparticles is carbon. You know, carbon is, there is enough carbon on the world to deal with that. And that are the principles. And the question with technology and emotion is how you combine them. You know, you will be not able to set up a technology in a place where people feel scared about. Nuclear power plants. Who wants to have a nuclear power plant in his garden or close by? You know, we may need them or may not to generate energy but no one wants to have it close by. This is a very emotional thing. Let's hope that far to talk about humane technology after a short break we are going to take and then we are going to be back with you. I'm Ethan Allen, host of likeable science here on Think Tech Hawaii. Every Friday afternoon at 2pm you will have a chance to come and listen and learn from scientists around the world. Scientists who talk about their work in meaningful, easy to understand ways. And you'll come to appreciate science as a wonderful way of thinking, way of knowing about the world. You'll learn interesting facts, interesting ideas, you'll be stimulated to think more. Please come join us every Friday afternoon at 2pm here on Think Tech Hawaii for likeable science with me, your host Ethan Allen. Hi, I'm Stacy Hayashi and you can catch me on Mondays at 11pm on Think Tech Hawaii. Stacy to the rescue. See you then. Hey everybody, my name is David Chang and I'm the new host of a new show The Art of Thinking Smart. I'm really excited to be able to share with you secrets on giving yourself the smart edge in life. We're going to have awesome guests and great mentors of mine from the political, military, business, non-profit, you name it. So it's something for everybody. We're back to our show with Dr. Ninyo Adilio. So we're going to talk about humane technology, but we're also going to talk about sort of the components, what makes a city, right? So a city you can't reduce to sort of mechanisms, to automation, which is certainly probably a big part of it, but it's got to be sort of very multifaceted, right? Yeah, right, it's true. You know, you face many challenges in a city. You have the problem of energy. Everyone needs energy. Where do I generate the energy? How can I store it? How can I deliver it in an efficient, costy and sustainable way? You have problem with water. If you open the water tub in paging, this water, which comes out, made 2,000 kilometers. Wow, way. So you put it in clean, it comes out dirty because those are the challenges you will have when you put, you know, where a lot of people live in a very dense place. We should probably not forget that today is a special day in the United States. Today is election day on a national level and also on a local level. So the mayor has invited you guys and us over to celebrate whatever happens tonight. So, and he's mostly challenged about 2 subjects, which are actually sort of an integral part of the focus of your mortgage study as well, one is transportation and the other one is social equity because we have the largest homelessness. We have one of the most traffic jams in the United States because we can only develop between two mountain ranges and we have the highest amount of homelessness because supposedly you can survive here better than in other climates. But then the question is how do you find surviving because there's certain humanity and humility and we're struggling with that. So what do you think about the social component or ethical principle of the mortgage study? Maybe we just start with the traffic jam because this is a problem which appears all over. The question, at least in our place, I live in Stuttgart. Stuttgart is the whole town of Germany. There are a lot of Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, they are all there with their headquarters and companies. And in the morning everyone is transmuting the villages from the cities to the companies generating traffic jam and in the evening the same way out. So the question is is this the right concept? Maybe not, maybe we just should start to bring the companies back into the cities. So you work where you live and you live where you work. So you will not have this nine to five problems. Which you face also here in this... Or the other way around, like in this case as you point out, here we try to bring actually the citizens back to dwell in what we are supposed to be in urban jungle where you live and play and work and do everything so you actually reduce the need of transportation and whenever you go you use obviously more clever and more shared transportation in various ways. So you basically have this all sort of inclusive comprehensive. The question with cities is that the real estate in the city is quite expensive and the young family especially here. But also in other cities. And the question is is a family with two kids are they able financially to buy a house in the city center? This is also for example an issue for policy maker. In Stuttgart where I live you get from the government side some financial support if you go back with your family with children into the city. There is incentive so there is an encouragement because otherwise just the things, the double income for kids, people who can afford the nice houses in the city center just come over you will have a city which is not alive it's a kind of not that but it's a very monocultural place. As this picture shows this is just the emerging architect have just built the existing urban fabric and then the next step, the next picture is basically how they strip this. We also have this is they basically strip the facades off because as you experience we have reprivileged with an easy breezy trade winds that we can use as they used to do here as natural ventilation and this would result in this easy breezy environment that we densify so we almost build an urban jungle we learn from nature which is the best teacher in many ways. We should maybe say that Germany is actually leading in energy efficiency there is the energy transition we want to talk about that a little bit as a context umbrella for what you are doing. That's a good point. In Germany the government set up years ago already a new agenda supposing that we need to generate our energy in a sustainable way and this means go away from fossil fuels, from gas and go towards solar and water and other sources and the government encouraged even the citizens with money to set up solar panels on the roofs and set up industries in order to fulfill this goal and we have a considerable amount of energy which is generated by sustainable sources it's an investment in the future. There is an example here of transportation we used to have the light rail the street cars, this is another suggestion to basically bring this back this is the beginning of my family Oana practice here for the expo in 2000 public infrastructure can be sexy it can be attractive and sometimes it takes incidents we shouldn't have left but I mentioned that actually in this transition of energy efficiency there was an incident of global impact that was the Fukushima happening that basically made us Germans overnight to basically change our mind and not only go off the fossil fuels but also go off nuclear power we're just talking here with some of the visiting members that we say let's just one of the ships that bring in the oil that we burn to basically chill us down buildings basically shipwreck and spill we had that in the Gulf Coast basically our main income of tourism is threatened because who wants to bathe in black oil as opposed to in clear blue water we need an incident like that where we're saying maybe we need to do it without having this external finger that warns us right it's coming back to technologies we need to have those warm technologies efficiency technologies solar wind energy warm technologies people are emotionally attached emotionally attached to these technologies and are quite open to absorb it thank you and that matches the last picture that was just shown as a scenario of you bringing this passion, this emotion and thank you for that we're at the end of the show but who doesn't have had enough yet today, tomorrow will be the big event you will be a speaker so we look forward to and then also think Tech Hawaii and J.F.A. Del has graciously sort of donated more staff and so it will be broadcasted tomorrow for the first half of the whole day so you guys will see more of this Germany, Hawaii clean energy symposium and it's great in their cultural collaboration and brainstorming thank you very much for being here great, thank you Martin for the honor to speak to the audience we are the ones to thank you thank you for being here