 Section 7 of Persian Self-Tought in Roman Characters with English Phonetic Pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Persian Self-Tought in Roman Characters with English Phonetic Pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan Section 7 Adjectives The Grammar of Adjectives See page 55 Able Tavanah Able Tavanah Or Moktader Moktader Able Moktader Afraid Tarsu Afraid Tarsu Tarsnok Afraid Tarsu Lonely Tanhaw Lonely Tanhaw Or Vahid Lonely Vahid Another Digar Another Digar Another Digar Awkward Bad Bad Bad Beautiful Zibao Beautiful Zibao Or Qashang Beautiful Big Bozorg Big Bozorg Better Talch Better Talch Blind Coor Broad Pan Broad Bah Or Goshad Goshad Broad Goshad Busy Mashgul Busy Mashgul Certain Mohak Tak Certain Mohak Tak Cheap Arzan Clean Park Clean Or Tamiz Tamiz Clever Mohair Mohair Clever Mohair Or Ostad Clever Ostad Cold Cold Sad Common Ordinary Adi Common Ordinary Adi Convenient Rohat Convenient Rohat Or Osude Convenient Osude Cool Cool Khunak Damp Nam Damp Nam Dangerous Dangerous Dark Tar Dark Or Tarik Dark Or Khire Khire Dark Deaf Car Deaf Car Deer Expensive Geron Deer Expensive Geron Deep God Deep Deep Different Different Different Different Different Mohair Mohair Difficult Hard Sad Difficult Hard Sad Hard Difficult Hard Dirty Cherk Dirty Cherk Distant Door Distant Door Dry Dry Dry Dull of weather Tor Dull of weather Or Tarik Tarik Dull of weather Tarik Early Zood Easy Osone Easy Osone Empty Khawli Empty Khawli Even Smooth Hamvar Even Smooth Hamvar Or Moustavi Moustavi Even Smooth Moustavi False Doruk False Doruk Or Kezb False Kezb Fast Quick Toned Fast Quick Toned Fine Small Zarif Fine Beautiful Gashang Fine Beautiful Gashang Flat Soft Flat Soft Or Mosate Mosate Flat Mosate Foolish Divane Foolish Divane Or Divanagi Divanagi Foolish Divanagi Foreign Karib Foreign Or Bigone Foreign Bigone Free Ouzod Free Ouzod Fresh of eggs etc Tauze Fresh Tauze Full Poor Full Funny Ajeeb Funny Or Garib Funny General Customary General Customary Or Marsoom General Marsoom Glad Shod Shod Or Masroor Glad Masroor Good Good Grand Splendid Allee Or Bozorg Grand Splendid Bozorg Hard Solid Sacht Or Seft Hard Seft Healthy Sehee Sehee Heavy Sangin Heavy Sangin High Bolland High Bolland Honest Dorostkar Honest Dorostkar Hot Garm Hot Garm Idle Idle Idle Ignorant Ignorant Ignorant Or Jau Hel Ignorant Important Mohem Important Mohem Impossible Nomem ken Inconvenient Noro hat Noro hat Inconvenient Noro hat Or Bimas raf Inconvenient Bimas raf Interesting Moh fid Interesting Moh fid Monand Just Equitable Monand Or Mesl Kind Mehraban Kind Mehraban Lame Lang Large Great Large Bozorg Late Deer Deer Left Chap Left Chap Light Sabok Little Small Little Small Chord Or Little Small Long Deraz Long Deraz Loos Shol Loud Boland Many Besyar Besyar Many Besyar More Bistar More Much Ziyad Much Ziyad Or Besyar Narrow Tang Narrow Tang Necessary Lozam Necessary Or Darkor Necessary Darkor Next Oyande Next Or Digar Next Old of things Kohne Old of things Kohne Old of persons Pir Old of persons Pir Opposite Ruberu Opposite Other Digar Other Painful Dark Painful Polite Moaddab Polite Poor Faqir Poor Faqir Meskeen Pretty Zibao Pretty Or Pretty Proper Sahi Proper Correct Or Proper Rost Pure and adulterated Clean Pure and adulterated Clean Or Clean Pure and adulterated Clean Poor Poor Poor Weird Weird Quick Tond Quick Quiet Quiet Quiet Or Arom Quiet Rare Camyab Rare Raw Uncooked Uncooked Or Uncooked Raw Real Real Real Real Rich Rich Rich Rich Rich Tavongar Rich Or Dani Rich Dani Right Proper Ripe Of Fruit Reside Rough Rough Rough Rough Rough Rough Round Gared Round Gared Round Round Round Rude Be Adab Rude Be Adab Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Shallow, par-yab, par-yab, shallow, par-yab Or, be-omg, be-omg, shallow, be-omg Short in length, ku-tah, ku-tah Short in length, ku-tah Silly, ah-nack, ah-nack Silly, ah-nack Simple, saw-dee, saw-dee, simple, saw-dee Sleepy, khaba-loud, khaba-loud, sleepy, khaba-loud Slow, kond, kond, slow, kond Or, yavosh, yavosh, slow, yavosh Small, ku-check, ku-check, small, ku-check Soft, narm, narm, soft, narm Solid, sach-t, sach-t, solid, sach-t Sorry, gam-nock, gam-nock, sorry, gam-nock Or, gam-gene, gam-gene, sorry, gam-gene Sour, tor-sh, tor-sh, sour, tor-sh Special, na-xsous, na-xsous Special, na-xsous Square, chahar-gu-she Square, chahar-gu-she Stiff, khoshk, khoshk, stiff, khoshk Still, tranquil, ah-rom Still, tranquil, ah-rom Or, raw-hat, raw-hat Still, tranquil, raw-hat Straight, rost, rost, straight, rost Or, mustaim, mustaim, straight, mustaim Strange, begone, begone Strange, begone Strong, qavi, qavi, strong, qavi Or, zurmand, zurmand, strong, zurmand Stupid, ah-maq, ah-maq Stupid, ah-maq Or, geege, geege, stupid, geege Sweet, shireen, shireen, sweet, shireen Tall, boland qad, boland qad, tall, boland qad Thick in size, koloft, koloft Thick in size, koloft Tight, tang, tang, tight, tang Troublesome, zah-maq-dar, zah-maq-dar Troublesome, zah-maq-dar Or, poor zah-maq, poor zah-maq Troublesome, poor zah-maq True, raw-st, raw-st True, raw-st Uncomfortable, nor-o hat, nor-o hat Uncomfortable, nor-o hat Unhappy, nor-shod, nor-shod Unhappy, nor-shod Or, mota-as-sef, mota-as-sef Unhappy, mota-as-sef Unkind, no-meh-ra-bon, no-meh-ra-bon Unkind, no-meh-ra-bon Unwell, bi-da-mog, bi-da-mog Unwell, bi-da-mog Or, no-chosh, no-chosh Unwell, no-chosh Urgent, fo-ree, fo-ree, urgent fo-ree Or, musta-jal, musta-jal Urgent, musta-jal Useful, mo-feed, mo-feed Useful, mo-feed Useful, bifo-ide Useful, bifo-ide Usual, adi Usual, adi Vein, chod-pasand Vein, chod-pasand Various, mo-chdal-ef Various, mo-chdal-ef Or, jur-be-jur, jur-be-jur Various, jur-be-jur Warm, gar-m Warm, gar-m Weak, za-eef, za-eef Weak, za-eef Or, lo-gar, lo-gar Weak, lo-gar Well-in-health, chog, chog Well-in-health, chog Or, tandorost, tandorost Well-in-health, tandorost Whole, ha-me, ha-me Whole, ha-me Or, tam-om, tam-om Whole, tam-om Wide, go-shod, go-shod Wide, go-shod Worth, in-value, ar-zan-de Worth, in-value, ar-zan-de Or, lo-ye-k Lo-ye-k Worth, in-value, lo-ye-k Worthless, no-lo-ye-k No-lo-ye-k Worthless, no-lo-ye-k Wrong, gal-at, gal-at Wrong, gal-at Young, jav-on, jav-on Young, jav-on End of Section 7 Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Recorded in Iman Jordan Section 8 of Persian Self-Tought in Roman Characters with English Phonetic Pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan This is a LibriVox recording. 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Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Persian Self-Tought in Roman Characters with English Phonetic Pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan Section 8 Verbs, af-all For grammar verbs, see page 59 To accept, gab-ul-kar-dan, gab-ul-kar-dan To accept, gab-ul-kar-dan To add, zam-kar-dan, zam-kar-dan To add, zam-kar-dan To admit, allow-in, pazi-roff-dan Pazi-roff-dan To admit, allow-in, pazi-roff-dan To allow, permit, ez-n-dor-dan, ez-n-dor-dan To allow, permit, ez-n-dor-dan To answer, jav-ob-dor-dan, jav-ob-dor-dan To answer, jav-ob-dor-dan To arrange, in-od-de, tar-tib-dor-dan To arrange, in-od-de, tar-tib-dor-dan To arrive, res-i-dan To arrive, res-i-dan To ask, pors-i-dan To ask, pors-i-dan To assist, kom-ak-kar-dan To assist, kom-ak-kar-dan To bark, vach-vag-kar-dan To bark, vach-vag-kar-dan To bathe, ham-mom-raff-dan To bathe, ham-mom-raff-dan To beat, za-dan To beat, za-dan To become, shodan To become, shodan To begin, transitive and intransitive All laws kar-dan To begin, all laws kar-dan Or, ben-all kar-dan Ben-all kar-dan To begin, ben-all kar-dan Or, eb-tid-all kar-dan Eb-tid-all kar-dan To begin, eb-tid-all kar-dan To believe, bo-var-kar-dan Bo-var-kar-dan To believe, bo-var-kar-dan To bend, pic-e-dan To bend, pic-e-dan To bite, gaz-e-dan Gaz-e-dan To bite, gaz-e-dan To boil, water Ju-shan-dan Ju-shan-dan To boil, ju-shan-dan To boil, intransitive Ju-she-dan Ju-she-dan To boil, intransitive Ju-she-dan To borrow, bear-as-kar-dan To borrow, bear-as-kar-dan To break, transitive and intransitive She-cast-dan She-cast-dan To break, she-cast-dan To bring, av-or-dan To bring, av-or-dan To build, insh-o-kar-dan To build, insh-o-kar-dan Or, so-ch-dan So-ch-dan To build, so-ch-dan To buy, char-e-dan Char-e-dan To buy, char-e-dan To call, we-kin Beed-or kar-dan Beed-or kar-dan To call, we-kin Beed-or kar-dan To carry, bor-dan Bor-dan To carry, bor-dan To change, transitive Av-as-kar-dan Av-as-kar-dan To change, transitive Av-as-kar-dan To change, intransitive Av-as-sh-o-dan Av-as-sh-o-dan To change, intransitive Av-as-sh-o-dan to choose to climb to collect transitive to collect transitive to collect intransitive to come to come to come to come in to consent to cough to cough to count to cry, weep to cry, weep to cut to dance, raxidan to decide to die more than to dislike napasandidan to dismiss dafkardan to do make kardan to doubt to dream to drink to dry transitive to dry transitive to eat to engage to explain to faint to fall to feel to fill to fill to find or to find to fish to fly to follow to forget to forgive to gain to gather to get to get up to get up from bed to give to go to go away travel to go away travel to guide transitive to hang transitive to have to hear to help to hire a servant to hit to hold to be hungry to hurt oneself to hurt oneself to interfere to interpret to invite to join transitive to join transitive to keep things to kill to know to label to last to laugh to lead to learn to lend to lie down or to lift to light to light to like to like to live to live to lock to lock to look at to look for to lose to love to make to make a mistake to make a mistake to manage to manage to mix transitive to mix transitive to move transitive to move transitive to move to object to object to offer to offer to omit to omit to open transitive to open transitive to open intransitive to open intransitive to open intransitive to order at shop to order to order at shop to order to order command to order to order command to order command to pack to pack to pack To pay pardoch dan To perspire, arag kardan To pick up, bardoch dan To pick up, lern, o muchtan To play, bozi kardan To pour, riech dan To prepare, hozer kardan To prevent, mo ne chodan To promise, va de do dan To pull, keşi dan To push, tak on dan To put, place, goz oşdan To put off, time, takir andoch dan To rain, bori dan To raise, boland kardan To read, kondan To receive, gereftan To recommend, toosie kardan To refuse, rad kardan To remain, stay, mondan To remember, yod ovor dan To repay, past o dan To rest, rahat şodan To return, transitive, bargherdan dan To return, intransitive, bargherdan dan To ride, savar şodan To ring, transitive and intransitive Zangzadan, zangzadan To ring, zangzadan To run, davidan To save, rehondan To say, goftan To see, didan To seem, appear, nemudan To send, ferestadan To sew, duktan To share, taksim kardan To shave, beard, rishtarashidan To shine, tabidan To show, nishandardan To shut, transitive, bastan To sing, of persons ovor zekhondan To sit, as European Neshastan, neshastan To sleep, khabidan To smoke, pipe, etc. To sneeze, atsezadan To sew, kaştan To spend, kharjkardan To spoil, injur Or, kharaab kardan To stand, istadan To start, set out To steal, dosdidan To stop, transitive, negahdoshdan Or, moattal kardan To stop, intransitive, vaistadan To sweep, jarub kardan To swim, senokardan To take, bardoshdan Or, gereftan To take care, dekatkardan To talk, speak, harfzadan To tear, daridan To tell, relate, revoyatkardan To thank, tashakor kardan To think, fekrkardan Or, khialkardan To think, khialkardan To throw, andochdan To tie, bastan To touch, destzadan To travel, safar kardan To try, tajrobe kardan To turn, transitive, gardondan To turn, intransitive, gardidan To understand, fahmidan To use, estet mol kardan To wait, sabr kardan To walk, gardesh kardan To want, nadoshdan To warn, khabardadan To waste, transitive, zoyehkardan To watch, poidan To wear, puton, transitive, pushidan To wear, intransitive, davom kardan To weigh, transitive, keshidan Or, vaznkardan To weigh, transitive, vaznkardan To wipe, pokkardan To wish, khostan To work, karkardan To rap, pichandan To yaan, khamyaze keshidan End of Section 8 Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Recorded in Amman, Jordan Section 9 of Persian self-taught in Roman characters with English phonetic pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan This is a LibriVox recording. 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For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Persian self-taught in Roman characters with English phonetic pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan Section 9 Adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, etc. Zarf, harfaatf, zamir, faqire For grammar, see pages 63 to 64 About, nearly, tagriban About, nearly, tagriban Or, nazdik About, nearly, nazdik Above, bala Above, bala According to, banobe According to, banobe Or, nazarbe According to, nazarbe Across, azmiyon Across, azmiyon Or, saray Across, saray Or, rouye Rouye Across, rouye After, pas Pass, after, pas Or, bad Bad, after, bad Afterwards, pasazon Afterwards, pasazon Or, badazon Afterwards, badazon Again, dobore Again, dobore Against, barzid Against, barzid Or, barchelof Against, barchelof Ago, pish Ago, pish Almost, tagriban Almost, tagriban Already, hanouz Already, hanouz Also, ham Also, ham Or, hamchenin Also, hamchenin Although, agarche Although, agarche Altogether, quite All together, quite Or, kollan Altogether, quite Kollan Always, hamiche Hamiche Always, hamiche Among, miyon Miyon Among, miyon And, the The And, the Anybody, harkas Harkas Anybody, harkas Or, harke Anybody, harke Anything, harche Anything, harche Or, harchees Anything, harchees Anytime, harvakt Anytime, harvakt Anywhere, harja Anywhere, harja Or, harkoja Anywhere, harkoja Around, atrof Around, atrof Or, door Around, door Around, door Or, doro doro Around, doro doro As much as, an gadre An gadre As much as, an gadre At, dare Dare At, dare At last, ochar Ochar At last, ochar Or, aghebat Aghebat At last, aghebat Because, zira Zira Because, zira Or, chunke Chunke Because, chunke Before, pish Pish Before, pish Or, pishas Pishas Before, pishas Behind, post Post Behind, post Below, poin Poin Below, poin Beneath, poin Poin Beneath, poin Or, zeer Zeer Beneath, zeer Besides, joz Joz Besides, joz Or, magar Magar Besides, magar Or, gayraz Gayraz Besides, gayraz Between, meon Meon Between, meon But Ammar But Ammar By, bo Bo By, bo Certainly, albathe Albathe Certainly, albathe Or, motlag Motlag Besides, joz Joz Besides, joz Or, magar Magar Besides, magar Or, gayraz Gayraz Besides, gayraz Between, meon Meon Between, meon But Ammar But Ammar By, bo By, bo By, bo Certainly, albathe Albathe Certainly, albathe Or, motlag Motlag Certainly, motlag Daily, rousane Rousane Daily, rousane Or, yomiye Yomiye Daily, yomiye Down, zeer Zeer Down, zeer Or, poin Poin Down, poin Downstairs Poin Poin Downstairs Poin During, darasno Darasno During, darasno Or, darzarf Darzarf During, darzarf Early, zoed Zoed Early, zoed Either, or Yol, yol Yol, yol Either, or Yol, yol Especially, magsousan Magsousan Magsousan Especially, magsousan Even, agarche Agarche Even, agarche Or, hatol Hatol Even, hatol Everywhere Hamejo Hamejo Everywhere Hamejo Or, harjo Harjo Everywhere harjo Except Magar Except Magar Or, joes Joes Except Joes Far Far Far conjunction Ziro Far conjunction Ziro Or, chunke Chunke Far chunke Far preposition Baraye Baraye Far preposition Baraye From As From As From As How How How Or How How long How long How long How long How long How many Chand How many How often Chand bar How often Chand bar However Behar hall However Behar hall Immediately Foran Immediately Foran Zood Immediately Zood In Dar In Dar Or Tuye In Tuye Into Darmion Just Exactly Monand Just Or Mesl Just Exactly Mesl Nearly Taqriban Nearly Taqriban Neither Nor Neither Nor Hargez Hargez Never Hargez Or Heechvaqt Never Heechvaqt Next Digar Next Digar Or Oyande Next Oyande Notwithstanding Preposition Sarfinazar Notwithstanding Sarfinazar Notwithstanding Conjunction Notwithstanding Conjunction Now Aknoon Aknoon Aknoon Or Halaw Halaw Of belonging to Az Of belonging to Az Of Ezor fat E Of Ezor fat E Of course Albat te Of course Albat te Ofun Khayli Khayli Ofun Khayli On upon Rue On upon Rue Or Sare On upon Sare Only Tanha Tanha Opposite Ruberu Opposite Ruberu Or Yaw Or Yaw Over Bishaz Bishaz Over Bishaz Or Sare Sare Over Sare Over Ruye Over Ruye Perhaps Shoyad Shoyad Perhaps Shoyad Probably Shoyad Probably Shoyad Or Ehtemal Ehtemal Probably Ehtemal Quietly Ahestagi Quietly Or Arami Arami Quietly Arami Rather Somewhat Badri Rather Somewhat Kami Recently Mohakharan Mohakharan Recently Skersli Badoshwari Badoshwari Skersli Badoshwari Or Ba Zahmat Ba Zahmat Skersli Seldom Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga Or Kam Kam Seldom Kam Or No Der Seldom No Der Since Preposition As On Vact Since Preposition As On Vact Since Conjunction Chun Ke Chun Ke Slowly Ahestagi Ahestagi Slowly Ahestagi Or Yavoshaki Yavoshaki Slowly Yavoshaki So Thus Chenin Chenin So Thus Chenin Or Chenan Chenan So Thus Sometimes Ba Zee Vact Ba Zee Vact Sometimes Ba Zee Vact Or Ga Ga Sometimes Ga Somewhere Ba Zee Jow Ba Zee Jow Somewhere Ba Zee Jow Or Joi Joi Somewhere Joi Ba Joi Somewhere Ba Joi Soon Zood Soon Zood Still Yet Hanoos Still Yet Hanoos Than As As Than As That Conjunction Ke Ke That Conjunction Ke Then Pass Pass Then Pass Or Bad Bad Then Bad There An Jaw An Jaw There An Jaw Therefore Banabarin Therefore Banabarin Or Lehozo Therefore Lehozo Through Sartosar Through Sartosar Or To Aukhar To Aukhar Through To Aukhar Till Until To Till Until To Be To To Too Much Besyar Too Too Much Besyar Or Ziaud Ziaud Too Too Much Ziaud To As Well Ham To As Well Ham Or Hamchenin Hamchenin To As Well Hamchenin Towards Suye Towards Suye Or Samt Samt Towards Samt Or Rube Rube Towards Rube Under Zir Under Zir Unfortunately Bad Bachdane Bad Bachdane Unfortunately Bad Bachdane Unless Magar Unless Magar Or Ello Ello Up Upwards Bolo Up Upwards Upwards Saar Bolo Bolo Or Rue Rue Rue Usually Generally Audatan Usually Audatan Or Omuman Omuman Generally Omuman Well Adverb Chaili Well Adverb Chaili Or Bechubi Bechubi Well Adverb Bechubi When K When K Where Kojaal Where Kojaal Kojaal While Vakdike While Vakdike Why Chero Why Chero With Together Bow With Together Bow Or Hamro With Together Hamro Within Adverb Dar Tu Within Adverb Dar Tu Or Dochelan Dochelan Within Adverb Dochelan Yet, as yet, Adverb Hanus Yet, as yet, Adverb Hanus End of Section 9 Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Recorded in Amman Jordan Section 10 of Persian Self-Tought in Roman Characters with English Phonetic Pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan This is a LibriVox recording All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Persian Self-Tought in Roman Characters with English Phonetic Pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan Section 10 Outline of Persian Grammar The Noun All nouns in Persian are of one gender They form their plural by adding On or Ha the former for persons the latter for things Examples Man Mard Mard Mard Plural Men Mardone Men Mardone Book Ketob Book Ketob Plural Ketob Ha Books Ketob Ha But Ha is now generally used for both classes The accusative is formed by adding Ra to the singular or plural Examples Pen Qalam Qalam Pen Pen accusative Qalamro Qalamro Pen accusative Qalamro Pens Qalamho Pens Qalamho Pens accusative Qalamhoro Pens accusative Qalamhoro This termination has also the force of the definite article Examples I saw the garden Baogro didam Baogro didam Baogro didam I saw the garden Baogro didam I saw a garden Baog didam Baog didam I saw a garden Baog didam Baog didam In the singular the indefinite article is indicated by the ending e pronounced e Examples A horse Asbi A horse Asbi A white horse Sefid Asbi Sefid Asbi A white horse But when the adjective follows the noun e is attached to it also Example A white horse Asbi sefid Asbi sefid A white horse Asbi sefid End of section 10 Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Recorded in Eman Jordan Section 11 Of Persian self-taught In Roman characters with English phonetic pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan This is a LibriVox recording All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain For more information or to volunteer Please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater Persian self-taught In Roman characters with English phonetic pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan Section 11 The ez or fat denotes possession The ez or fat denotes possession The ez or fat signifies possession It is denoted by the sign Zir And is used in the following three ways One The genitive is formed By adding the ez or fat To the governing noun Which usually precedes the governed noun Examples The key Of the door Ke li de dar The key Of the door Ke li de dar The tree Of the date Der ach de chor mau Der ach de chor mau The tree of the date Der ach de chor mau But when the word ends in a vowel Or Vov semival It takes the form Ye with a zir Ye Examples The god of the world Chodoye jahan Chodoye jahan The god of the world Chodoye jahan The surface Of the sea Ruyedaryaw Ruyedaryaw The surface Of the sea Ruyedaryaw Two When several adjectives form attributes To the same noun They are connected by the ez or fat Or by the conjunction Va Examples A good red rosetree Der ach de gole sorche chubi Der ach de gole sorche chubi A good red rosetree Der ach de gole sorche chubi Der ach de gole sorche chubi A good red rosetree Der ach de gole sorche chubi Der ach de gole sorche chubi A good red rosetree Der ach de gole sorche chubi Three Personal pronouns are connected with nouns By the ez or fat Thus forming possessive pronouns Examples hand. My hand. Your foot. Your foot. Adjectives. Adjectives usually follow nouns and in this case I connected with them by the azor fat. Examples. The Arabic book. Kitab-e Arabi. Kitab-e Arabi. The Arabic book. Kitab-e Arabi. The English paper called Ghaz-e-Englishi. The English paper called Ghaz-e-Englishi. The termination raw for the accusative is added to the adjective only. Example. I bought an Arabic book. Kitab-e Arabi-raw Khair-e-dan. Kitab-e Arabi-raw Khair-e-dan. I bought an Arabic book. Kitab-e Arabi-raw Khair-e-dan. But if there are several adjectives raw is only added to the last. Example. I bought a large well-written Arabic book. Kitab-e bozorg-e khosh khat-e Arabi-raw Khair-e-dan. Kitab-e bozorg-e khosh khat-e Arabi-raw Khair-e-dan. I bought a large well-written Arabic book. Kitab-e bozorg-e khosh khat-e Arabi-raw Khair-e-dan. A few adjectives sometimes precede the noun to which is then generally added the indefinite article yeh. And the ezo fat is mostly omitted. Examples. A good man. Khub-mar-di. Khub-mar-di. A good man. Khub-mar-di. A bad town. Bad shah-ri. Bad shah-ri. A bad town. Bad shah-ri. Adjectives often precede nouns forming compounds. Example. Of bad temper. Bad kholk. Bad kholk. Of bad temper. Bad kholk. Of fine color. Khosh rang. Khosh rang. Of fine color. Khosh rang. The degrees of comparison are formed by adding the terminations tar for the comparative and tarin for the superlative. Examples. Laj-bozorg-bozorg-laj-bozorg. Laja-bozorg-tar-bozorg-tar. Laja-bozorg-tar. Largest-bozorg-tar-in. Bozorg-tar-in. Largest-bozorg-tar-in. Best-beh-tar-in. Best-beh-tar-in. Than is expressed by as. Example. Younger-than-all. Javon-tar-as-ham-ay. Javon-tar-as-ham-ay. Younger-than-all. Javon-tar-as-ham-ay. The superlative construction, as in English, is with the genitive. End of section 11. Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater. Recorded in Amman, Jordan. Section 12. Of Persian self-taught in Roman characters with English phonetic pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater. Persian self-taught in Roman characters with English phonetic pronunciation by Sheikh Hassan. Section 12. Personal pronouns. I. Men. Men. I. Men. Thou. To. To. Thou. To. He, she, it. Oo. Oo. He, she, it. Oo. We. Maul. Maul. We. Maul. You. Shomal. Shomal. You. Shomal. They. Ishaan. Ishaan. They. Ishaan. Thou is used when speaking to inferiors in rank or age, otherwise Shomal as you in English. The personal pronouns are declined as nouns except that the accusative of man, I, is marrow instead of manro. Possessive pronouns. These are either the same as the personal pronouns or the following shorter forms can be used as also for the accusative of the personal pronouns. First person. My. Me. Am. Am. My. Me. Am. Second person. Thy. Thee. At. At. Thy. Thee. At. Third person. His. Hers. It's. Him. Ash. Ash. His. Hers. It's. Him. Ash. First person. Our. Us. Maan. Maan. Our. Us. Maan. Second person. Your. You. Tone. Tone. Your. You. Tone. Third person. Thee. Them. Shon. Shon. Thee. Them. Shon. Example. My. Hand. Dasty man. Dasty man. My. Hand. Dasty man. Or. Dastam. Dastam. My. Hand. Dastam. The short form of possessive pronoun added to the word preceding the verb has the force of the accusative of the corresponding personal pronoun. Examples. Let him go. Velashkhan. Velashkhan. Let him go. Velashkhan. Or. Oorah velkhan. Oorah velkhan. Let him go. Oorah velkhan. I see you. Mibi namat. Mibi namat. I see you. Mibi namat. Or. Total Mibi nam. Total Mibi nam. I see you. Total Mibi nam. The accusative of possessive pronouns is formed as in nouns by the addition of raw. Example. My. Hand. Dasty man. Raw. Dasty man. Raw. My. Hand. Dasty man. Raw. Or. Dastam. Raw. Dastam. Raw. My. Hand. Dastam. Raw. To form the plural, raw is added to the nouns. Example. My. Swords. Shamshir ha-yaman. Shamshir ha-yaman. My. Swords. Shamshir ha-yaman. Or. Shamshir ha-m. Shamshir ha-m. My. Swords. Shamshir ha-m. The possessive case is often denoted by maal. Property. Examples. This house is mine. Inkhane ma le manast. Inkhane ma le manast. This house is mine. Inkhane ma le manast. That garden is yours. On bargh ma le shomast. On bargh ma le shomast. That garden is yours. On bargh ma le shomast. The six reflexive pronouns are. Myself. Chodam. Chodam. Myself. Chodam. Thyself. Chodat. Chodat. Thyself. Chodat. Himself. Herself. Itself. Chodash. Chodash. Himself. Herself. Itself. Chodash. Ourselves. Chodam. Chodam. Ourselves. Chodam. Yourself. Chodat. Chodat. Yourselves. Chodat. Themself. Chodeshon. Chodeshon. Themselves. Chodeshon. Nota bene. Personal and possessive pronouns must be replaced by reflexive when they refer to the same subject. Examples I wash myself. Man chodamra mi shuyam. I saw my father. The following are demonstrative pronouns, declined as nouns. This. In. This. In. That. On. That. On. This same one. Hamin. This same one. Hamin. That same one. Hamon. Hamon. Such a one as this. Chonin. Such a one as this. Chonin. Hamchonin. Such a one as this. Hamchonin. Such a one as that. Chonon. Such a one as that. Chonon. Hamchonon. Hamchonon. one is that, hamchonon. So, such, hamchol, hamchol, so, such, hamchol. So much, chandin, chandin, so much, chandin. Or, chandon, chandon, so much, chandon. Accusative pronouns. Ke, who, that. Accusative. Ke, uroh. Che, which. Ke, uroh, oke, ash. Examples. The man whose head they had broken. Mard ke sarashroh shekaste buddand. Mard ke sarashroh shekaste buddand. The man whose head they had broken. Mard ke sarashroh shekaste buddand. The carriage, the wheel of which they made. Koleske ke charchashroh sohdand. Koleske ke charchashroh sohdand. The carriage, the wheel of which they made. Koleske ke charchashroh sohdand. The relative pronouns ke and che are often connected with the demonstrative pronouns. Examples. This one who has money. In ke pul dorad. In ke pul dorad. This one who has money. In ke pul dorad. That one who is poor. On ke faqirast. On ke faqirast. That one who is poor. On ke faqirast. When a noun is followed by a relative sentence defining it, a ye is added to the noun. Examples. The man who. Mard ke. Mard ke. The man who. Mard ke. The boy who. Accusative. Pesari rao ke. Pesari rao ke. The boy who. Accusative. Pesari rao ke. Interrogative pronouns. These are the same as the relative pronouns. Who. Ke. Ke. Who. Ke. What. Che. Che. What. Che. Examples. Who came. Ke omad. Ke omad. Who came. Ke omad. What did you eat. Che chordid. Che chordid. What did you eat. Che chordid. End of section 12. Recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater. Recorded in Amman, Jordan.