 And what about evidence showing probiotics as direct treatment to improve heart health through the gut? So far, there's only one human clinical trial that did assess this in the internal journal of cardiology, but the results here were actually quite promising. In this study, the group taking probiotics showed a significant reduction in the diameter of the left ventricular artery, and swelling of this artery is linked to heart failure. They also documented small improvements in metabolic markers compared to the placebo group, reduced total cholesterol and reduced uric acid levels. It's important to underscore that the effect size here or the magnitude of the benefit is small. So it's not something that if you're frankly hypercholesterolemic is going to get you back down to normal, but this is a supportive therapy that can move you in the right direction.