 You are watching News Made Easy, I am Anandya Chakravarty. Ladies and gentlemen, this is no country for job seekers. It's extremely difficult for educated young people to find jobs and it's almost equally difficult for even those who have no education to even find any decent job which gives them a living wage. And that is why we say that this is no country for job seekers, no country for the unemployed. And a lot of focus has been placed on unemployment ever since CMI started taking out its weekly data for jobs. And we see the jobs are simply not growing. In fact, they've dropped since the time CMI started taking out this data. But I'm not going to be looking at CMI data today. I'm going to mostly look at the RBI's latest estimates for jobs employment from 1981 to 2018-19 which means that the first five years of the Modi government, the first period of Modi government is covered in this. And I'm going to start with an interesting slide here in front of you and I'm going to compare the 15 plus population. Now that is called the working age population. So anyone who's above 15 years and all these numbers that you see are going to be in millions. And I'm going to compare that to the number of people who are employed. Again in millions. This blue line tells you what the 15 plus population is and how it has grown from 1990-91. I'm taking the liberalization, post-liberalization period as my reference point. And you can see that it has been rising steadily, much faster than average population growth. And here, this orange line tells you job growth. And you can see that the gap is actually increasing. The gap between the number of people who need jobs, who need to be employed and compared to that, the number of jobs available in the economy, that gap is increasing. Jobs have not grown significantly at all. And if you look at it from about 2004 or jobs have actually been more or less stagnant. I'll come back to that a little later. Now, let's see as a proportion or a percentage of the 15 plus population, the working age population, how many jobs were there? And again, I'm starting from 1991 and you can see that in 1991, about 66% of those who were within the working age population had some work were employed. And of course, a lot of it was in agriculture, which is reduced over a period of time. But since then look at that drop, look at that sharp drop that we're seeing. And now less than 50% in that working age population have worked. Of course, again, as I'm saying that agriculture jobs have dropped and therefore that drop means that significant agriculture has dropped, but it has not been compensated by jobs in factories and offices, right? That is what has happened and you can see what a significant drop it is. And this is not just in the Modi period, mind you. And I'm going to show you why, because look at this. I'm again taking, now I'm going to take the average annual growth rate of jobs, employment under various regimes. So let's start with Narasimha Rao and that's 1991 to 1996. The average annual growth rate of jobs was 2%, okay? It is lower than the average growth of the working age population, which was close to 2.5%, but yet it was still 2%, not too bad, right? Next comes the Vajpayee period and the Vajpayee period actually betters employment record. It is 2.1% and again, the job, the working age population is growing at that 2.5%, 2.4% rate at this period, so again, below working age population. Now comes the Manmohan Singh period, UPA period, right? From 2004 to 2014. This is interesting, right? Because you would expect a lot of talk has been, there's been a lot of talk that Manmohan Singh, the economist, there must have been high job growth and look under Modi, there's no job growth. It was only 0.6%. Annual average growth of jobs is just 0.6%. Again, one-fourth of what was required, one-fourth of what was required in terms of new jobs and then we come to the Modi period and in the Modi period, the 2014 to 2019 period is just 0.3%. One-eighth of what is required, right? One-eighth of what is required. And that is why I take you back to that previous graph that I showed you. That is the reason why you can see that the proportion of those who need jobs but have jobs compared to the working age population has steadily dropped from almost two-thirds to less than half now. This is the reason that has happened. Okay, as I said that you can say, oh, but you know, that's because agriculture jobs have dropped and agriculture always had disguised unemployment which means people said they have worked in agriculture but they weren't required and those have gone out, they have gone out and therefore they have been placed in services and industry. So look at that. This graph tells you what has happened and true enough, agricultural jobs have dropped sharply. They've dropped sharply from the middle of the UPA period and you can see that drop taking place very sharply but the growth in industrial or which has mining, construction, manufacturing, everything, those jobs and service sector jobs hasn't compensated for that. The growth here has been so small that it has not compensated for population growth. The number of people who want jobs, this is very clear. There is something that has gone wrong, not right now, not just in the past five years, yes, things have become even worse but remember, they were getting steadily worse from the middle of 2000s, right? From the UPA period. So things have gone steadily worse in the last 15, 16 years, not just right now and somehow we have to think about it that what caused this, what economic policies are required to reverse this, right? We have seen a steady decline in job growth while the population has gone up. So that's the show today. I'm going to come back with more next week, probably look at jobs again and look at the comparison between jobs before and after liberalization. We'll visit that one day because it's important to look at it, whether these economic policies need to change. Keep watching NewsClick, subscribe to us and do like this video and share it.