 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IA's Academy. For the date 15th of March 2020, the list of news articles taken up for today's discussion is displayed here along with the page numbers of five different editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion is available in the description section as well as in the common section for the benefit of the smartphone users. Let us now start our analysis. Let us look at this question which is framed based on this news article. This news article reports that GST on mobile phones have been ike from 12% to 18% with effect from 1st of April 2020. See this decision was basically taken to correct the inverted structure of duty on some allied mobile parts. Because if you see in the existing structure, the rate of the tax that is paid on the inputs that is the raw materials of the mobile phones is more than the rate of the tax that is levied on the finished product that is nothing but your mobile phone. So this is the news article. Now what you need to focus from prelims exam point of view is that know about the GST council, its composition and its mandate. See GST council is a constitutional body for making recommendations to the union and the state governments on issues related to goods and services tax as per the 101st constitutional amendment act. So based on this act article 279A was introduced and based on this article the GST council came into existence. Know that as per this article 279A the goods and services tax council shall consist of the following members. The union finance minister who is the chairperson and then the union minister of state who is in charge of revenue or finance will be a member of this council. And also the ministers who are in charge of finance or taxation or any other minister who is nominated by each state government shall be the members of this goods and services tax council. Here also know that the union territories with legislature like Delhi, Puducherry and Jammu and Kashmir are also represented in the GST council as members of the council. Next if you look at article 279A4 it tells that the GST council will make recommendations to the union and the states on important issues related to GST like the goods and services that may be subjected or exempted from GST. Then also on the model GST laws then on principles that govern the place of supply, threshold limits, then GST rates including the flow rates with bans, then on special rates for raising additional resources during natural calamities, disasters and it also will make recommendations on issues related to giving special provisions for certain states. So these are some of the recommendations which the GST council will make to the union and the states. So this is all about GST council that you need to know. Now if you look this question two statements are given. The first statement tells that it is a statutory body constituted by the president of India. We just saw that it is a constitutional body. So the first statement is incorrect. Now look at the second statement it tells that GST council makes recommendations to the union and state government on issues related to goods and services tax. Yes this statement is correct. You also know that the definition of state includes those union territories with legislatures as well. Therefore union territories like Delhi, Puducherry and Jammu and Kashmir are also members of the GST council. Now we need to choose the correct answer for this question. The correct answer is option B. Now let us move on to the next news article. Let us look at this news article which is discussing about the increase in the excise duty on petroleum products like petrol and diesel. See in India before 1st of July 2017 there were multiple indirect taxes which were imposed on goods and services. And on 1st July 2017 came the goods and service tax in short GST which is single tax which is taxable on goods and services. But if you see certain products were kept away from the ambit of GST they are mainly the petroleum products. So as of now there are 5 petroleum products for which GST is not imposed they are given in this table. So petrol and diesel are among them whereas you can also see some other petroleum related products which are taxed under the GST regime. So just have an idea. Now if at all GST has to be levied on these 5 products then it shall be recommended by the goods and service tax council as mentioned in article 279A of Indian constitution. So as of now for these products we have certain indirect taxes like customs duty then excise duty both which are levied at the central level and then we have the VAT that is the value addition tax that are levied by each states. Now this news article discusses about this central excise. There are different types of excise duty one is the basic excise duty next we have the special additional excise duty and also additional excise duty nothing but the rodent infrastructure CES for these 5 petroleum products. Now let us focus on petrol and high speed diesel which is mentioned in the news article. Now this news article tells that both this special additional excise duty and additional excise duty that is the rodent infrastructure CES have been increased by the central government. From 6th of July 2019 the special additional excise duty was 8 for petrol and rupees 2 for high speed diesel. Now the department of revenue which comes under the ministry of finance has issued a notification on 13th of March where the special additional excise duty has been increased by 2 rupees for both petrol and diesel. Similarly the rodent infrastructure CES has also been increased by 1 rupee so before it was 9 rupees now it is 10 rupees. This is where you can see in the news article that excise duty has been height for both petrol and high speed diesel. Here note that the special additional excise duty is dealt by section 147 of finance act of 2002. Note that it is the duty that is chargeable on goods that are specified in the 8th schedule to the finance act of 2002. So petrol and diesel are one among them and this duty shall be in addition to any other excise duty that is chargeable under the central excise act or any other law for the time being enforced. And this is the reason why we have other additional excise duty like rodent infrastructure CES that is being levied on petrol and diesel. Now the highlight here is that the government has not altered the retail price of the petrol and diesel. For example consider now the petrol price is 70 rupees and we know the news that there is fall in the international prices of crude oil. So ideally the price of petrol should have been reduced say for example 68 rupees. So 2 rupees profit should have gone to the consumer. Now what the government has done is that it has increased the special additional excise duty by 2 rupees per litter. So now the retail price of the petrol will remain at the same level that is 70 rupees. We can see that the government does not wish to pass on the reduction of oil prices to the consumers. In a way it will help the government in increasing its revenues. If you look at this news article it tells that the government will be able to generate an increase in revenue of around 39,000 crores every year by this move. See this is not the first time the government is taking advantage of the situation. The news article tells that the government had raised the excise duty on petrol and diesel on 9 occasions between November 2014 to January 2016. So in a way this has diverted the gains from reaching the consumers to the government. Now why the government is doing this is because it is not able to get the projected revenues in terms of GST and some other revenue collection in this financial year. So this is the reason why the government has increased the excise duty of petrol and diesel by taking advantage of the fall in the international prices of crude oil. Now if you see the opposition parties have slammed this move of the government. They have demanded that the government should pass on the benefits of the rate cuts of crude oil to the consumers. Similarly one more opposition party has said that the prices of aviation turbine fuel is less than that of petrol and diesel. So these are some of the comments made by the opposition party who demand that the government shall pass on the rate cut benefits to the consumers. This is all about the discussion of this news article. To summarize we have seen about the petroleum products that come under the ambit of GST and those products that do not come under the ambit of GST. And then we saw different types of excise duty that is being levied on petrol and diesel. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is related to the merger of the nationalised banks which has been announced by the government of India. This news article is basically in an interview format where the Hindu has interviewed the general secretary of all India bank employees association. In this interview the general secretary has given his opinion on how the merger of nationalised banks will affect various stakeholders in the banking sector. So in this news article analysis let us discuss about the concept of merger and then we will see about the advantages that can happen because of merging two or more banks, especially the public sector banks in India and what are the concerns that has been raised by the general secretary in this interview. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See if you remember towards the end of August month in 2019 the central government announced a slew of financial measures in order to revive growth in Indian economy. One such announcement was the merger of certain public sector banks. On 30th August 2019 the central government announced merger of 10 public sector banks into 4 big public sector banks. We have discussed in detail about this in our 31st August the Hindu news analysis. So we just request the students to have a look at it on the exact merger of public sector banks. See we know that India is one of the largest economies in the world and banks are a constant part of India's growth story. Now if you remember the prime minister of India said that India aspires to become a vital in dollar economy. If we need to achieve this target the contribution of banking sector is quite important. The banking sector should have a deeper reach across India which would involve banking the unbanked and securing the unsecured. Meaning those who are still deprived of formal finance must be brought under the banking services. And the unsecured money which is in their hands must be brought under the security net of the banking system. See in India there are too many banks public sector and private sector but they are miniscule by global standards. If you see India is only one bank in the world's top 100 banks. And it is the state bank of India which is that only bank which are secured 54th position in the 2019 ranking. In the world's top 100 banks ranking given by the S&P global market intelligence. If you see SBA got this ranking after the merger of 6 associate banks with it. See we have also discussed about this issue in detail in our 13th February analysis. Now what is meant by merger? A merger is simply combining two or more business entities to form a larger one. But there will not be any explicit change in the ownership. Now this idea is actually in contrast to an acquisition process. Because if you see in an acquisition process one business entity will take the ownership control over another. By paying the ownership privilege in the form of cash, stock or other means. So this is the difference between the merger and the acquisition. Now if you look this news article is related to the merger of the public sector banks. If you see in public sector banks the government is the majority shareholder in the public sector banks. And when two or more public sector banks merge there will be no change in the ownership. But just a restructuring of these banks will be done by the government. Now what are the advantages of these mergers? We just saw that India has too many banks that are miniscule by global standards. And their growth is restricted by their inability to expand because of low availability of capital. That is money. So if the public sector banks are merged then it will lead to creation of big banks. Similar to state bank of India and there will be enhanced capacity of credit. So the combined capital of the merged entity will be huge. Next if you see the mergers are also expected to increase the operational efficiency of the public sector banks. Since it will avoid the existing network overlaps. Say for example in a same area there might be two or three public sector banks which are giving services. Now on merger such overlapping areas of operation and services will be streamlined in order to increase the operational efficiency. Next if you see the merger will result in a stronger entity. It will have a vast geographical reach and there will be geographical synergy as well. It means the merged entity will have a pan India presence with a strong capital base. So if there is any market shock the merged entity will be able to absorb such shocks easily. Next if you see because of merger there will be branch rationalization and staff rationalization. This would actually save cost for the merged entity. And as we saw it will also lead to operational efficiency. Like this we can tell many positives about the merger process of the public sector banks. Though there are many advantages there are equally many concerns which have been expressed by various experts and stakeholders in the banking sector. So this news article is one such where the general secretary of all India Bank Employees Association has shared his concerns on the government's decision to merge the public sector banks. Here just have an idea that on 4th of March 2020 the cabinet approved the merger of 10 public sector banks into 4 stronger public sector banks. Now let us look at some of the concerns expressed by the general secretary on how merging of public sector banks will affect the banks non-performing assets. Then how it will affect its employees and how it will affect the customers of the bank. Here the general secretary tells that the process of integration of banks is itself a big hurdle because all banks have their own importance in terms of their origin growth expansion and geographical presence. And he is also told that since the nationalization of banks in 1969 the banks have grown a number of branches business volume and customer reach. Now this merger announcement by the government will actually take away the identity of such banks. This is the first concern. The next concern is related to the non-performing assets nothing but the NPAs. See banks give loans and advances to the borrowers. If at all the borrower is making regular payment towards the loan then that loan is a standard asset. But if the borrower has stopped making interest or principal repayments for over 90 days then it becomes a non-performing asset. And this non-performing assets are recorded on a bank's balance sheet by the bank. Now if you've seen the last few years the gross non-performing assets of the public sector banks have increased to a larger extent. Now what this indicates it indicates that the significant proportion of banks assets that is the loans have stopped to generate income for the bank. And this will lead to the decrease in banks profitability and banks ability to grant further money to the borrowers. So it places a financial burden on the banks. Now what banks usually do is that they will try to recover their losses by taking possession of any collateral of the borrowers who have got the money from the banks. Or they might even sell off the loan at a significant discount. So they'll actually try to reduce the financial burden cost out of the non-performing assets. Now if merger happens it will totally divert the attention of the banks from loan recovery which is a process that we just saw because the newly merged bank will not know the background of borrowers and defaulters exactly. And also if you see the volume of the borrowed accounts in a particular merged branch will rise. This was the case with state bank of India when six associate banks were merged with state bank of India at that time the NPS of the merged entity went up. So thinking that merging will actually resolve the NPA problems is wrong from the perspective of the general secretary. Next year's race concerns about how the merger will affect the employees. He tells that though there will not be any problem regarding the wages and service conditions of the bank employees the policies related to the transfers and promotions will actually be affected because the policies are different for different banks. So mergers will create a lot of problems in terms of seniority among the employees then transfer to the employees place of choice and so on. And also if you see there are differences among the banks in terms of welfare schemes and the fringe benefits that they provide to their employees. So mergers will impact all these benefits and schemes. So these are some of the concerns of the general secretary on how the mergers will affect the employees in the banking sector. Next let us see about the concerns how the merger will affect the customers. See banking is no simple commercial transaction for the customers. It is accompanied by personal experiences and relationship with a particular bank. See customers also include the depositors. Majority of them are used to a particular branch which is servicing their requirements for years and even for a few generations based on their preference and convenience. If you remember we saw that during merger there will be branch rationalization because of which some of the branches will be closed. Now this will compel the customers to deal with the new branch and majority of them will have difficulty to deal with the new branch. And also if you see after merging the number of customers who are to be taken care by the merged branch will either double or triple. And also if you see staffs will be reallocated and they will not be aware of the borrower's history. So the newly formed branches will face a big hurdle in providing quality service to its customers. So this is how customers will be affected because of the merger decision by the government. Also if you see there would be a big challenge for the bank because now they have to service a doubled or a triple customer base with limited staff. So these are some of the disadvantages of merging the public sector banks which are also the concerns raised by the general secretary. Now what should be done? It is true that the bigger banks have much more ability to absorb shocks and read the economies of scale as well as the capacity to raise resources without depending on the X checker. That is the government. But at the same time the merger must also ensure that there should not be any disruption for the customer services and also no disruption in the functioning of the branches and also for the employees. So all these factors must be taken into account before merging and even after the merging of the public sector banks. This is all about the discussion of this news article. To summarize we have seen about the concept of merger and then we saw the advantages and disadvantages of the government's decision to merge certain public sector banks in India. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is with reference to one of the actions required to mitigate large scale human suffering posed by the zoonotic diseases. In this context let us look at one health framework and about the proposed national mission on biodiversity and human well-being which the authors of this article have discussed. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. First let us see what is meant by one health framework. See this initiative is proposed to study and understand numerous pathways through which new pathogens jump between animals and humans that end up causing zoonotic diseases in humans. So the experts, researchers and stakeholders from multiple disciplines such as virology, epidemiology, genomics, ecology, veterinary sciences, animal sciences and also from social and behavioral sciences all have to come together to establish this one health framework. So basically it is a cross sectoral collaboration. Now let us see why such a framework is a must in the present times. This is because according to the authors zoonotic diseases represent more than 60% of emerging infectious diseases worldwide. Now these emerging diseases are dangerous because vaccines cannot be prepared immediately to prevent such diseases. There are many such zoonotic diseases which have affected people worldwide like SARS, the Middle East respiratory syndrome, MERS and in India if you see Casanova forest disease, the Nipah virus have all been passed from animals to humans. Even the present COVID-19 outbreak which has been announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization has been passed on from animals to humans. So in these circumstances where both the animals and humans are getting infected by same viruses and diseases, a single body of knowledge or a single body of discipline cannot study and mitigate these complex pathways and issues. And also if you see a lot of funding and technical supporters required, so having a huge cross sectoral collaboration will be helpful in understanding how the diseases evolve. See this concept of one health emerged relatively recently. In India if you see this concept was found to be operationalized in the late 1950s in order to discover the source of Casanova forest disease. This disease first emerged in Shivamoga district in the state of Karnataka in 1957. At that time what happened was several institutions across multiple disciplines came together to study and develop sufficient mechanisms for prevention. And because of this many humans were saved from getting infected. So this might be the one day example that India as when it comes to one health concept, as such if you see India has yet to operationalize a true one health policy. In the end of this article you can see that the authors call the government agencies, private sector and other stakeholders from multiple disciplines to come together and learn and fight zoonotic diseases. But if you see there is one issue, there is a long waiting period in obtaining research permits from the government agencies. So this is likely to hamper India's potential to have a cross sectoral ability to rapidly respond to emerging infectious diseases. So the authors tell that this issue has to be addressed when one health framework is to be implemented. Now in this context the authors also link this concept with the national mission on biodiversity and human well-being. They tell that one of the two components of this mission explicitly links biodiversity to human health through the one health framework. Now let us look at this mission in brief. See the framework for this mission has been prepared by a group of scientists from several institutions. This mission aims to bring biodiversity and conservation to the forefront of Indian science, policy and society's attention. See this mission has been visualized to be as inclusive as possible with components involving scientific institutions, government agencies and non-governmental organizations at the national, state and local levels. So this sounds like cross sectoral collaborations as suggested by the authors and this is why the authors find that this mission seeks to function as a one health network. Now if you see the authors have told that this mission has been launched by the government but know that it is wrong fact the mission has been given only in principle approval. It is yet to be launched by the government formally so remember this fact. Now let us look in brief about the two main components of this national mission. The first component is titled as cataloging and mapping life of India program. This program will focus on building an inventory of India's biodiversity. So the biodiversity will be mapped with people, cultures and management regimes. And this program will assess and monitor the changes in biodiversity and the ecosystem services and it also aims to link biodiversity knowledge with societal benefits. If you look at the second component it is divided into six programs which will focus on biodiversity with regard to these six areas. So overall the mission will help in utilizing the biodiversity to ensure well-being and prosperity of human beings. This is in brief about this national mission. Now just know that only in principle approval has been given for this mission and try to have an idea about this mission. This is all about the discussion of this news article. To summarize we have seen about the suggestions given by the author for a need of one health framework in India and in line with this we also saw a proposed the national mission on biodiversity and human well-being. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article talks about the estimation of a number of people who are affected by heat stress due to increase in global warming. In this context today we shall be seeing what is meant by heat stress. It is two major drivers heat and humidity and how heat stress affects the global population. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See a group of researchers from US have conducted a research and they have analyzed how combined extremes of heat and humidity increase due to global warming affects the humans. See we know that global warming is nothing but the increase in the average temperature of the earth's near surface air and ocean since the mid 20th century and its continuation. See during pre-industrial times till 1950 the warming was mainly due to natural phenomena like solar radiation, volcanoes etc. But after 1950s the global warming has mainly occurred due to human activities like fossil fuel burning, deforestation etc. Now this study tells that the earth has already warmed by about 1.2 degree Celsius above late 19th century levels. And under the present greenhouse gas emission levels earth is expected to get warmed by 3 degree Celsius by the year 2000. See every bit of global warming makes hot human days more frequent and intense. And this causes heat stress in human beings. Now what is heat stress? See it is a condition when the body is unable to cool down properly through sweating. Without cooling down the body temperature may rise rapidly and the high body temperature may damage the brain and other vital organs. And know that heat stress is caused not just by extreme heat in the atmosphere but also by the extreme humidity in the atmosphere. When we tell humidity it refers to the level of moisture that is present in the air. If the humidity is high then it means that the air is already saturated with water that is moisture. So the sweat from the body will actually evaporate more slowly. And because of this the body's natural cooling system simply cannot work and this will result in the increase of body heat. And this in turn will cause heat stress. If you look heat stress ranges from milder conditions like the heat trash and heat cramps to the severe conditions like heat exhaustion. So this is how heat stress affects human beings and this is how the rising global temperatures cause heat stress in humans. Not just in humans they also harm the agriculture, the economy and also the environment. Now this study also estimates how annual exposure to extreme heat and humidity in excess of safety guidelines are projected to affect the population of the world. See if the planet warms by 1.5 degree Celsius then it will affect around 500 million people and if it warms by 2 degree Celsius then it is going to affect nearly 800 million people. So majority of world's population will be affected if the planet warms by the year 2100. And if at all the planet is going to warm by 3 degree Celsius by the end of 2100 then around 1.2 billion people will be affected. Now if you look at this number it is actually 12 times more than the number of people who have been affected without industrial era global warming and it is 4 times the number of people who are affected today. So these are some of the findings of this research study. This research study has suggested that steps must be taken to mitigate the emissions. It suggests for adaptations in order to reduce the damage caused by global warming. And it also recommends that the international agreements on global warming like the Paris Agreement Kyoto Protocol must all be properly adhered in order to reduce the intensity of global warming. You just have an idea that Paris Agreement is related to combating climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments that are needed for a sustainable low carbon future. So it is basically an agreement to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change. Next if you look at Kyoto Protocol it is basically a commitment by a group of countries to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. This is all about the discussion of this news article. To summarize this news article analysis we have seen a research study conducted by a group of researchers from US who have estimated the number of people who are likely to be affected by heat stress due to increase in global warming. In this context we saw what is meant by heat stress and its two major drivers heat and humidity and how they affect the global population. Now let us look at this question which is framed based on this news article which is on zoonotic diseases. This news article reports that the state of Kerala is battling a host of zoonotic diseases which has left an impact on the public health as well as the economy of the state of Kerala. In this context you should mainly focus on what is meant by zoonosis or zoonotic diseases then examples for zoonotic diseases and their mode of transmission all these aspects are very important from your problems exam point of view. Know that a zoonosis is an infectious disease which is caused by either bacteria or virus or parasite or it might be even any unconventional agent which spread from non-human animals usually vertebrates to humans. Here know that zoonosis refer to the plural form of zoonosis and as per world health organization zoonosis is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. So the animals play an essential role in maintaining the zoonotic infections in the nature. See the zoonotic diseases spread mainly through direct contact or indirect contact or it might be vector born or airborne or food born or it might also be water born as you can see in this picture. Some of the best examples for zoonotic diseases are anthrax swine flu nothing but H1N1 then your aviation flu for example the bird flu H5N1 influenza and then your Ebola then Zika Nipah fever then the Middle East respiratory syndrome then the severe acute respiratory syndrome nothing but the SARS and the currently trending COVID-19 disease. And now the state of Kerala is affected with a host of zoonotic diseases like Casanoor forest disease. You might be seeing about this Casanoor forest disease in the past couple of weeks where many cases have been reported in the state of Kerala especially in the district of Vayanath and this picture also gives you an idea of the transmission the symptoms and exposure of this Casanoor forest disease and there is also a news article even today as well on this Casanoor forest disease. And then if you look at these two news articles which are related to bird flu where bird flu has affected the duck farmers and also the poultry several birds have been called that is killed in the northern part of the state of Kerala. So you can see that Kerala is a hotbed of zoonotic diseases now what we have done is they have given you a list of zoonotic diseases and they are mode of transmission from animals to humans and once it infects the humans is there any human to human transmission or not. So this table will be useful for you from prelims point of view you can make use of this table. Now with this information let us take up this question which is based on the mode of transmission of zoonotic diseases. Four diseases are given and their mode of transmission is also given. You can find that all the four pairs are correctly matched so the correct answer here is option D 1 2 3 and 4. Now let us move on to the practice questions discussion session. Look at the first prelims question two statements are given and you need to choose the correct statements. Look at the first statement it tells that excise duty and corporate tax are indirect taxes in India and the second statement is related to the definition of excise duty. First you need to know what is meant by indirect tax see it is defined as a tax that is not directly levied on the taxpayers. Rather it is the tax which is levied on goods for which the tax incidences passed on to the consumers. So consumers pay their part by paying through the bill to the retail shop owner or to the person who sells the goods and the shopkeeper will pay the tax to the government on the behalf of the consumers. So this is the meaning of indirect tax in this context know that excise duty is an indirect tax whereas corporate tax is not an indirect tax because corporate tax is nothing but the income tax that is paid by the companies or the corporate entities. And this tax is levied on each of these entities and they will pay directly to the government. So the first statement goes wrong because corporate tax is not an indirect tax it is a direct tax. Now look at the second statement which defines excise duty it tells that excise duty is defined as an indirect tax levied on specified goods which are manufactured in India and are meant for consumption. Yes this statement is correct it is the definition of excise duty. Now you need to choose the correct statement or statements the correct answer here is option B2 only. Now look at the next question with reference to the merger of public sector banks in India which of the following is surely to happen. Change in ownership increase in availability of capital reduction of non-performing assets. See as we saw during our discussion a merger is simply combining two or more business entities in this case the public sector banks to a larger entity and there will be no explicit change in the ownership. So if you are able to get this correct you can easily arrive at the answer because here it is given that change in ownership but in merger there is no explicit change in ownership. So if you are able to eliminate one the correct answer is option B2 only. It means that on merger there will be an increase in the availability of the capital. And know that there will not be reduction of non-performing assets in case of a merger. A classic example is the recent merger of six associate banks of state bank of India with the state bank of India. And after this merger it in fact increased the non-performing assets. So the reduction of non-performing assets is not possible. So the correct answer to this question is option B2 only. Now let us move on to the mains practice question. Look at this question it tells that how far emerging zoonotic infectious diseases have become a threat to human lives suggest appropriate mechanisms to counter such diseases. You need to answer this question 150 words it is a 10 marks question. Here you can give the recent example of COVID-19 outbreak and also some other domestic examples like the Nipah virus outbreak and then the Casanoor forest disease outbreak and try to write the extent and the intensity of the emerging zoonotic diseases. And in the second part of the question you need to suggest appropriate mechanisms. One of the mechanism which we saw during our discussion was to have a one health concept which involves cross sectoral collaboration. You can also suggest some other suggestions which you have in your mind. Try to post your answers for this question in the comment section suitable suggestions and feedback will be given within a reasonable time frame. With this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session. 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