 Cancer stem cells, CSCS, are thought to be responsible for drug resistance and cancer relapse because they have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different types of cancer cells. Recent research has identified several key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in drug resistance, including the expression of specific genes and proteins, epigenetic changes, and the activation of signaling pathways. These findings provide insight into how CSCS resist treatment and suggest potential targets for developing more effective therapies. This article was authored by Lanthai Honthai, ITA Navitasari, Yindu Yeong, and others.