 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education, I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Assis Khanna Galsri College, University of Allahabad. And this time, I am going to discuss with you a topic under educational sociology, that is urbanization and modernization, means, Sheheri Karan and Adhooni Ki Karan, you say educational sociology, social change, social mobility and culture and education and social stratification. I have already discussed, this topic has remained left. So, let's start with Sheheri Karan and Adhooni Ki Karan, look, for every topic, I mean, some topics, definitions, you have to remember, but something, something is a little common idea, like everyone knows, everyone can understand, just by the name, that Sheheri Karan means that the village is towards the cities, that is Sheheri Karan and Adhooni Ki Karan means that Adhooni Ki Karan, look, we have not thought about Adhooni Ki Karan, but we have become Adhooni Ki Karan in our sisterhood, in the use of Adhooni Ki Karan, we have become Adhooni Ki Karan in our mind, but still we are Adhooni Ki Karan in thought, you can say that modern in thinking, in terms of thinking, we are still behind. So, we know that cultural lag is that we cover thinking later, but we do not cover material things quickly. So, we know that the concept is that, look, there are three concepts that you have, urbanization and modernization are in your syllabus, but urbanization, industrialization and modernization, right? In all three, Sheheri Karan, Adhooni Ki Karan and Adhooni Ki Karan. So, we start from here that Adhooni Ki Karan, Adhooni Ki Karan and Sheheri Karan are three important processes, three important processes, whose social change, that is, a social change, what can you say that three are the people, in the use of things, the audience is becoming more and running towards cities. By which the process of development can be explained. In fact, industrialization and urbanization can be viewed as the sub-processes of the process of modernization. We are saying that the two elements of Adhooni Ki Karan are your Sheheri Karan and Audio Ki Karan, resulting primarily from technological advancement and how did this happen? The advancement of technology has come into the society because of that. So, modern societies emerged in Europe in the 18th century with the discourse of enlightenment. After enlightenment, after your rebirth, new societies emerged in Europe in the 18th century. In the 19th century, modernity, a form of social life characterizing modern societies. Modernity is Adhoonikta. Modernization is different from the Karan of Adhooni Ki Karan. Adhoonikta means a social life in which new societies are living. Got identified with their characteristics. What is their speciality? Audio Ki Karan must have been there. And the sweeping social, economic and cultural changes associated with it. And Audio Ki Karan must have been there along with the social, cultural and cultural development. The industrial revolution resulting from scientific development and transformation of the world from a cultural to a largely industrial system. Audio Ki Karan was the world's Christian foundation. Audio Ki Karan was the world's Christian foundation. The setting up of factories led to the migration of large numbers of people engaged in agricultural work to seek employment in the urban areas in the 19th and 20th century. So, in the 19th century, the migration of large numbers of people engaged in agricultural work to seek employment in the urban areas in the 19th and 20th century. Audio Ki Karan was the world's Christian foundation. The migration of large numbers of people engaged in agricultural work to seek employment in the urban areas in the 19th and 30th century. Audio Ki Karan was the world's Christian foundation. Audio Ki Karan was the world's Christian foundation. Audio Ki Karan was the world's Christian foundation. After the、 We need you to know this. The issue the cigarette i night is reputation, right? With a Strategy I have here is a �f ser BMWF beaten the thing while rare sewing and another urbanization is a social process that has brought about great transformation in man's way of life. And the city of Karan is a society that has brought a lot of revolution in the lives of humans. Being a global phenomenon, this is a tragic event and because of the past growth of urban centers, the presenter is referred to as the age of urbanization. Urbanization is the process of becoming urban. Urbanization is the process of becoming urban. Moving to cities. We are moving towards cities, changing from agricultural to other pursuits. We are moving towards cities, urbanization, manufacturing, industry, management, and corresponding changes of behavior. And everything is changing accordingly. So, the problems that are growing in the city are increasing. Look, urbanization is a small topic for you. If you are against it, then read it. All the problems are increasing. And the city has become so divided that it is very rich. No one has a home to live in. There are many problems because of this. Urbanization is a process of population concentration. It is written that the villages are becoming empty. It has been systematically treated by HDL rich. They said that it involves two elements. They said that there are two elements. The multiplication of points of concentration, which has become the area of the rural areas, and the increase in size of individual concentrations. As a result, the proportion of the population living in urban places increases. And what is urbanization? Morphological structure of urban agglomeration. Everything is changing according to the people living in the city. Demographers say that it is a redistribution of population between rural and urban areas. It is a worldwide process. It is always going on in the world. Technology and scientific temperament are being advanced. Economically self-reliant in countries. It means they break down of traditional social institutions. You are reading this in sociology. So what is the impact of sociology? The old societies are breaking down. Their faces are ending. We are accepting the pastime from the U.S. in the circle of Aadhu Nikta. And from there, our brain sense is local. And we are accepting foreign things from there. As it is known that they will survive here or not. So everything is changing in the Indian context. The joint family system has changed. Strict religious practices have ended. We have become non-secular from highly secular. This is all because of urbanization. And urbanization is that urban values are diffused. Movement across from rural areas to cities. And behavioral patterns are transformed to conform to those which are characteristics of groups in the cities. People living in cities have started living in villages according to the people living in the city. Now modernization, that is, what is the cause of Aadhu Nikta? One minute. The cause of Aadhu Nikta is that modernization is the process of social change whereby less developed societies acquire characteristics common to more developed societies. The process is activated by international and inter-societal communication. David Lerner Nikha. And modernization is the process of social change in which development is the economic component. That is, who is the most important? Who is the most important? Who is the most important? So modernization begins. Then no rich man wants to live in a village. This is a social process which produces an environment in which there is a rising output per head. What is happening in this? Our per capita is increasing. Lerner has given some characteristics of modern societies in which it can be said that modernization has taken place. For example, a degree of self-sustaining growth in the economy. That is, self-sustaining in the economic perspective. That is, it can run itself. It can run itself. Public participation in politics has increased. A culture of secular and rational. If you are not Aadhu, then you say that we will go according to Tarikta. And when the secular societies were there, then according to religion, religion was written in such a way that it was considered rational. Now we are becoming rational. An increase in mobility in the society is mobility. You can say that caste is decreasing. Physical, social and psychic movement is your chance. If you are getting married in any caste, then you have become Aadhu. What is the old caste? So all this is the gift of modernization. Emergency of a personality type. That is a mobile personality of a person. Why? Because there is Tarikta, it has other directedness. Other directedness means that what other people tell us, we take care of it. Orientation of a person who depends on constant approval of others for confirmation of its self-image. Our self-image, if it gets approval from others, then we like it. And employment of certain kinds of means to achieve modernization. Apart from modernization, Alvin Toffler said, he said that we can divide societies into three waves. The first wave was of agricultural society. That is the Christian society. The second wave was of ideology which was called modernization. And the third wave was of post-industrial society. Now we are getting super modern. Similarly, the concept of urbanization is also ahead. Over urbanization. So if you want to read part one, part two, then I am trying to tell you in detail that you can understand its concept and then you can write it. So from agricultural society to industrial society to your post-industrial society. So first wave, second wave and third wave. Similarly, modernization is the product of different forces and processes. So you will say that according to which states, according to which processes modernization took place, first the global capitalist economy which was the capital city which came to the earth. Then the political rise of the secular state and polity. What you say is that we are secular. We are the respect of all religions of any religion. And the social, the formation of classes and an advanced sexual and social division of labour. That there is no less and no difference in caste. All these things that we did not give and all these things that we came to understand when we started to read. All these things that Paulo Freire told us that we have to be rational and we have to develop our thinking process. And the cultural, the transition from a religious to a secular culture. Now we are moving from a religious to a secular culture. So all these things started with modernization together. So this is the social change that you can say has come. That social change is taking place. We are coming from the city of Udiog, people are coming from the city of Udiog to work in Udiog. And you can say the city of characteristic modernization. So both the urbanization and modernization are being studied that if we are living in the city then we will not follow the old book of your book and we call ourselves so-called modern. Modern, we will be able to understand when we are material and non-material. Both are rational. We are not rational. We are just starting to use new things. We started with 3G, 4G, 4G, 5G. We started using a normal phone from Motorola, we started using an Apple phone. But how rational are we? This is what we are thinking. So in short, you have two small concepts. Urbanization and modernization means city and modernization. There are many ways to do this. Modernity is divided into many things. There are many reasons for modernization. But I have presented a simple crux with you. So in this way you will be able to understand it in a simple way. So thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done promise it.